...Occurrences of Ebola Countries Affected by the Current Outbreak How the Ebola Virus Spreads Current Level of Infection The Response to the Crisis i. Internally by the local government ii. The role of UN agencies iii. The role of Non governmental agencies iv. The role of the International community v. Canada’s role to date Canada’s Preparedness for a Mass Epidemic Conclusion Bibliography Page 1 of 16 2 3 3 6 8 9 11 13 14 15 EBOLA HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER Introduction This report will attempt to disseminate current and accurate information regarding the status of the Ebola Haemorrhagic fever. While western Africa is currently experiencing the largest outbreak of the Ebola virus in history, this severe and often fatal disease is also affecting thousands of innocent people across our world. Never has the medical community had to deal with such an outbreak. Not only do the medical professionals not know how to treat and handle afflicted patients, they are unable to contain this virus that is spreading at a violent speed. This report will discuss the following issues surrounding Ebola: Historical Occurences, Countries Currently Affected, How the Virus Spreads, Current Level of Infection, Response to the Crisis and Canada’s preparedness for a mass epidemic. Historical Occurrences of Ebola Ebola virus disease, or Ebola haemorrhagic fever first appeared in 1976, in Nzara, Sudan and Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The epidemic in the Democratic...
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...2013 and 2016, West Africa was plagued by an Ebola virus epidemic that resulted in the deaths of thousands of people, on top of damaging the region’s economy to near-crippling levels (World Health Organization 2018). The outbreak began in the areas of Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, with the first documented incident occurring in December of 2013 (World Health Organization 2018). The disease was extremely dangerous, with a fatality rate of just under 60% for hospitalized patients, and above 70% in cases where the individual was not hospitalized (World Health Organization 2018). The World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and did not revoke this until March...
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...this wonderful new development through investment that will be a trickle down effect to community * underdvelepment countries have to provide incentive for corps to go to their country * 1940 unlimited scale and new chemicals at virtually no cost * petrochemical era grew - > pose hazard, but they were all trivial and anecotocal * a body of data starting accumulating -> synthetic chemicals -> air water, cancer, birth defects, and other toxic affects * most industries knew about it and attempted to trivialized these risks * it’s a crime to take a gun and shoot you, but its not if I expose u to chemicals that are going to kill you because it takes longer to kill you * we are in a major cancer epidemic - > industry is largely responsible for overwehleomg ep of cancer ½ men get cancer 1/3 women get caner in their life time * rbgh gien to cows since FDA decalred it safe - > heart lng idsney spleen...
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...Ebola is a virus that is often fatal without proper medical attention or if left untreated. There are three strains of Ebola, Bundibugyo, Zaire, and Sudan. Based on the PBS Frontline video entitled Outbreak, the disease was contracted by bats that the people of the Meliandou Village of Guinea in West Africa ate. Ebola is transmitted to humans that are in close contact with blood, organs, and any other bodily fluids from infected animals such as apes, bats, and porcupines. It is spread through direct human to human contact with infected blood, secretion, and other bodily fluids. Ebola has an incubation period of two to twenty-one days. The symptoms include: fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, impaired...
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...button to indicate that a screenreader is being used so we may better provide accessible content DEBUNKING TH E MYTHS OF DEBUNKING THE MYTHS OF EBOLA MARK PHILLIPS WESTERN GOVENERS UNIVERSITY LUT1 Debunking The Myths Of Ebola Introduction a. Audience Hook: There seems to be a lot of hysteria about Ebola in the news media. Look at any news source and Ebola is probably on the front page. It makes it seem as though we should be frightened, but how much of a threat does Ebola pose? This presentation was put together to debunk the myths of Ebola and outline what is being done to combat its spread in the United States. b. Thesis Statement: Research suggest that the current Ebola outbreak will not be an epidemic in the United States because it has limited transmission vectors, limited survival on fomites (inanimate objects), and adequate containment measures are achievable to prevent its transmission. Additionally the U.S. community and government responses will be much different than they are in the countries where Ebola is escalating. c. Preview of Main Points: i. Research indicates Ebola is not transmittable through the air but only by direct contact with an infected source so it appears that contact precautions will be an adequate barrier to its spread. ii. Ebola has limited ability to live on fomites therefore research shows that fomites must contain large sources of body fluids in order for the disease to...
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...Melissa Galarza May 26, 2015 A Journal of the Ebola Year Early Events of Ebola in Liberia: It was March 24th, 2014 when I first heard of the term Ebola. I, among the rest of my neighbors, were confused as to what exactly was happening. The Liberian Ministries of Information, Culture, Tourism and Health announced that two individuals from Lofa and Nimba County grew sick with symptoms of the virus. However, there was no confirmation. Some people said it was a government scam to attract Western aid; others said it was a deadly virus. Whichever it was, the only thing that mattered was that it was present in Liberia, near my home, Gbarpolu. My name is Juliet and at just 19 years old, I experienced the most devastating epidemic my country has ever faced. I’m a very curious person, so this became a journey to finding myself and helping others. However, my mother, father and younger sister of 9 years old were struck with terror when they gained knowledge of Ebola. They all relied on me to keep them safe since I was the only one who’s made it so far in school. We were a middle class family living in Gbarpolu and although we weren’t poor, we couldn’t afford to flee the country as a family. Actually, we could’ve but my father refused to use the money I had saved up for college to flee. So typical of him. Despite staying in Liberia during an intense epidemic, we dealt with it as knowledgeably as possible. This was only because we had the help of the internet – we are one out of 10...
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...Name: Professor: Title: Date of Submission: Origin and Spread Ebola Background According to WHO, Ebola which is a serious, acute illness if untreated is very fatal (WHO.Int). Ebola virus disease first appearance was in two simultaneous outbreaks back in 1976. One was in Yambuku in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the other in Nzara, Sudan. The name Ebola sprout from Yambuku neighbors a river known as Ebola River. In 2014, the first case was notified in March which is the most recent and is still a current outbreak in the West of Africa. Ideally, this is the most complex and largest Ebola outbreak since the 1976 first appearance. The numbers of deaths are the highest (WHO.Int). The spread began in Guinea before spreading to the bordering nations including Liberia and Sierra Leone, then to Nigeria through one traveller on air, and to Senegal through on traveller on land. Ebola hemorrhagic fever also the Ebola virus disease or simply Ebola is a disease of primates including humans whose cause is Ebola viruses. Fever, headaches, muscle pain and sore throats are the initial signs and symptoms that develop between two days and three weeks upon contracting the virus. Decreased function of the kidney and liver then follow in addition to rash, diarrhea and vomiting. At this time, it is likely to observe both external and internal bleeding. The risk of death in relation to Ebola is significantly high. Killings between 25% and 90% are recorded of those infected which extends to...
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...Helping. The coming of Ebola and its subsequent global spread has becoming impossible to ignore. In just over 8 months, the virus has infected a confirmed amount of almost 18,000 people worldwide, with over 6,000 of those cases resulting in death (CDC). Coinciding with the sudden appearance of cases emerging within the United States, the country is experiencing its most widespread health scare since the introduction of AIDS in the 1980’s. The thought of contracting the disease is terrifying, capable of invoking strong instinctual reactions, especially when considering the near 60% kill rate and the horrendous damage it can cause to the body. While we have witnessed a Third-World...
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...Ebola viral disease: What is to be Done? On March 21, 2014, there was a report of a disease that was ripping through African countries. It was soon discovered that the disease was the Ebola viral disease also known as EVD. In a matter of a few short months, the Ebola virus was reported in three of Guinea’s Conakry city districts named Gueckedou, Macenta, and Kissidougou, in Liberia’s Foya district, and in Sierra Leone (Dixon, Meredith G., and Ilana J. Schafer). On October 23, 2014, there was the first recorded Ebola case in the United States. There would be three more confirmed cases before the news would declare that the United States was Ebola-free. Those that had been infected with the virus had picked them up while in Guinea and had been transported to the U.S. for treatment. There was a scare when two health care personnel tested positive with the virus while caring for others. However, due to Emory Hospital’s fantastic protocols, the virus was contained and eventually cleared from the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Nonetheless, the Ebola viral disease is a deadly virus most commonly found in African countries in which outbreaks have occurred throughout history; but through careful procedures, and a change in current ideals, it can be contained and even prevented on a broader scale. The first main concept is the Ebola is a deadly disease that has affected hundreds around the world and currently does not have a cure. According to...
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...JONATHAN AGYEMANG HUNTER COLLEGE 11/11/14 AMERICANS ARE TERRIFIED OF EBOLA. WHICH COULD MAKE IT HARDER TO STOP EBOLA ? The title of this article is Americans are terrified of Ebola. Which could make it harder to stop Ebola, the author of the article is Paul Waldman, the date of article October 14,2014 , the source is The Washington Post . Ebola is now the most scary epidemic that has put fear in people. The existence of Ebola has caused a lot of people emotionally to be very careful to whom ever they encounter. As a result of this fear, the general public is experiencing different attitudes towards people in buses , trains, school halls etc. Ebola virus kills as...
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...A trademark protects any phrase, symbol, and/or design that identify the source or origin of the goods or the services of one party from those of others. Federal registration are not required but recommended, as it adds value to the goods or services set forth in the registration. Trademarks can be licensed to third parties, it to third parties, be sold with a specified value or used as equity for business development. A patent protects the functional expression of an idea, it grants the property right to the inventor in exchange for public disclosure of the invention. In order to qualify for a patent, an invention must be novel, useful and non-obvious. A registered patent can be used to raise funds for business, licensed or sell the invention. A copyright protects works of authorship, the specific creative expression of an idea through any medium of artistic expression that has been tangibly expressed. Copyright provides licensing fee and royalty payments. Copyright’s filing fee is small, registration period is relatively short, and the examination process is administrative. For trademark, the filing fee is much higher with a longer registration period, and an adversarial examination process. Registration and filling are desirable but not requite for both copyright and trademark, however it is a necessary step for issue patent. Both Copyrights and patents are under federal law while trademark laws differ in each state. There is also a federal trademark law. Once a work...
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...Discuss the emergence of the Ebola pandemic as a threat to national security INTRODUCTION National security is the protection or the safety of a country’s secrets and its citizens. The term national security encompasses within it economic security, monetary security, energy security, environmental security, military security, political security and security of energy and natural resources. Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. There are currently no licensed Ebola vaccines. As times progress threats to national security are constantly increasing with threats such as climate change, transnational crime, espionage, cyber terrorism and bio-terrorism. This paper is going to look at Ebola as a threat to national security. Weaponization Ebola's exponential spread has rekindled fears that terrorists may seek to turn the virus into a powerful weapon of mass destruction. Ebola virus is classified as a biosafety level 4 agent, as well as a Category A bioterrorism agent by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. It has the potential to be weaponized for use in biological warfare, National security and infectious disease experts agree the obstacles to a large-scale assault with Ebola are formidable. For starters, a bioterrorist would have to obtain the virus and be able to...
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...Epidemic Paper Ebola In the late 2014 and early 2015 there was this great outbreak of deadly Ebola in many countries in West Africa. The Ebola virus disease was formerly referred as Ebola hemorrhagic fever. The outbreak has happened in the past, but the recent one was a massive. It proclaimed much life that the west was a no-go zone due to fear of transmission. Due to the collaboration of many world health organizations and non-government organizations the epidemic was controlled and maintained. An epidemic disease is a disease that on outbreak it proclaims many lives in a short period of time before been controlled (Chowell et al. 2015). Ebola, as stated, is caused by a virus pathogen, it a virus is from Filoviridae family which include three main genera: Cuevavirus, Marburgvirus, and Ebolavirus. These are the main viruses responsible for the massive outbreak of Ebola last year in West Africa. For an extensive period of the spell, it is believed that the virus originated from infected animals and transmitted to human through food. Fruits bat of the Pteropodidae family is seen as the carrier of the Ebola virus. The virus was introduced into the human population through close contact with body fluids like blood, saliva, and sweat. From one human to the other the virus is transmitted via direct contact with bodily fluids or material, which had a contact with, infected people (Chowell et al. 2015). The virus is such a deadly to the extent that it resides even in dead bodies...
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...EBOLA: Quarantine to control the outbreak One evening, as I sat on the couch relaxing from the stressful day I had; my eleven years old daughter came to me terrified saying, "mom I'm afraid, the Ebola is here". I immediately comforted her while silently worrying about the virus to myself. That made me pursue information about the virus and learn how to protect my family from the outbreak. Ebola is an awful virus which has many symptoms among bleeding causing death. There is currently no vaccine or cure for Ebola, the cost to treat the virus can be very high, and many medical centers may be ill-equipped to handle Ebola patients. After learning how deadly the virus can be that's when I decided that anyone entering the country from affected countries should be on a mandatory quarantine for twenty-one days to ensure they are Ebola free before possibly exposing any Americans to the virus. Ebola, also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, was discovered in 1976 near the Ebola River; thus how the virus was named. Since its discovery outbreaks have occurred intermittently of the years in Africa. The natural host of the Ebola virus remains unknown to this day. Although, many researchers believe that the virus likely came from bats. There are a total of five strains of the virus; four of which are known to infect humans. Nonhuman primates such as monkey and gorillas can be infected by all five strains. According to the CDC, scientist believe that the first patient becomes infected...
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...1. What is Ebola? * Ebola is a disease of humans and other animals caused by Ebola viruses. It is called Ebola Virus Disease/EVD or Ebola Hemorrhagic fever/EHF or simply Ebola. 2. Where does the 2014 Ebola outbreak take place? * “The Ebola outbreak in West Africa is the world’s deadliest to date” says a BBC News. EVD outbreaks occur intermittently in Tropical regions of sub-Saharan Africa. The largest out break to date is the 2014 ongoing epidemic in West Africa. The outbreak began in Guinea in February and has since spread to Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. 3. How many Ebola patients and Ebola deaths have been reported across the countries inside and outside of Africa since the 2014 Ebola outbreak? * The scale of Ebola outbreak appears to be “vastly underestimated” says the UN’s health agency. As of January 2015, this outbreak has 21,724 reported cases resulting in 8641 deaths. 4. How can the cultural practices in the West African countries spread Ebola? * Cultural practices of burial ceremonies where mourners have direct contact with the body of the deceased person do increase the threat of spreading Ebola if the deceased was infected. Other cultural practices that give rise to human to human contact, through broken skin or mucous membrane, through sharing bedding and clothing. 5. How long does a patient start showing a sign of the disease after becoming infected, describe early and final signs and symptoms? * Signs and symptoms...
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