...Economic Impact Analyses analyze the economic effects of a particular project in a particular area. This analysis can cover a region as small as a neighborhood and as large as the world. The main variables analyzed include revenue, profits, wages, and jobs. They consider the direct impact the economic impact has on an area as well as indirect impacts. For instance, you can analyze the total number of employees a firm will hire if it builds a new factory. You can also analyze what this increase in employment will do to other non-related industries in the area. These newly employed workers will have more money to spend at a local store which will in turn create more profits and potentially more jobs. It typically analyzes activity before the project and after the compare the changes and the impact of the project. This is typically done by measuring the difference in economic activity assuming the economic event occurs and then assuming it does not occur. This is called the counterfactual case. An economic event can be defined as a new business moving into a region, a new policy or government program, or any other activity that produces some sort of profit. This is useful to determine if a particular project is worth investing in (Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 2012) . The main types of impact analysis include output impact, value added impact, labor income impact, and employment impact. There is also a property value impact. An output impact measure the total increase...
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...ECON 310 Intermediate Microeconomics Costco; Your Local Friend Lawrence Lam Cal State Fullerton Superstores such as Wal-Mart, Target, and Home Depot have always been frowned upon by local businesses because of the competition it brings. Lower prices forces nearby stores to lower their prices until they shut down because of the negative profits from lowering their prices or because they don't acquire enough revenue to stay in the market. However ironically this feeling isn't shared towards the opening of Costco, another wholesale superstore. Costco's lower prices surprisingly causes local businesses to raise their prices. Even to the point where investors find area's relatively close to Costco to be an ideal location to start and open their own business. (Ann Arbor News) There are many differences between the way Wal-Mart and Costco works and what they provide to the community. To begin we will illustrate some benefits of Costco' entrance into a local town that is commonly known. As a wholesale store, Costco generates employees, from cashiers, stock associates, butchers, up to manager positions which provides job opportunities to the local area. In Pittsfield, the newly arrived Costco hired 180 employees out of the 1000 applicants, most which were locals. (annarbor) Costco indeed provides items at a cheaper price for the customers. This even applies to the top of the line brand's such as Sony, Samsung, Toshiba and more. Costco provides Kirkland brand items...
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...The Impacts of Economic Growth Economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. There are many positives and negatives with economic growth. Economic growth improves standard of living through sustained GDP growth, it improves tax revenues and provides the government with more money to spend on healthcare, education etc. Growth boosts business profits, a stronger economy increases consumer confidence therefore allowing people to purchase luxuries and once again improve their standard of living. Economic Growth will also increase employment, as growth increases as do business profits, therefore companies have more available finances to be able to pay wages and therefore levels of employment increase. Economic Growth can help protect the environment, as business profits increase, companies have more finance and can therefore invest in carbon investment, innovation and research and development to reduce the amount of harmful substances released during the production stages, therefore reducing their effect on the environment. On the other hand, economic growth poses as a threat of inflation risk. Increase in demand may be more than available supply and will therefore cause prices to rise, so consumer confidence decreases along with standard of living and business profits. Economic growth can have a negative...
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...The Impacts of Economic Growth Economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP. There are many positives and negatives with economic growth. Economic growth improves standard of living through sustained GDP growth, it improves tax revenues and provides the government with more money to spend on healthcare, education etc. Growth boosts business profits, a stronger economy increases consumer confidence therefore allowing people to purchase luxuries and once again improve their standard of living. Economic Growth will also increase employment, as growth increases as do business profits, therefore companies have more available finances to be able to pay wages and therefore levels of employment increase. Economic Growth can help protect the environment, as business profits increase, companies have more finance and can therefore invest in carbon investment, innovation and research and development to reduce the amount of harmful substances released during the production stages, therefore reducing their effect on the environment. On the other hand, economic growth poses as a threat of inflation risk. Increase in demand may be more than available supply and will therefore cause prices to rise, so consumer confidence decreases along with standard of living and business profits. Economic growth can have a negative...
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...Negative Impact of Economic Recession By Tejvan Pettinger on September 11, 2012 in economics A recession means a fall in GDP / national output. A recession will typically be characterised by high unemployment, falling average incomes, increased inequality and higher government borrowing. The impact of a recession depends on how long it lasts and the depth of the fall in output. The great recession of 2008-12 has shown many of the negative impacts of recession. Unemployment Not everyone is affected equally by a recession. A fall in GDP will cause a rise in unemployment. This is because: • Some firms will go bankrupt meaning all workers lose their jobs. • In an effort to reduce costs, firms will cut back on hiring new workers. Therefore, unemployment often affects young people the most. In this recession, unemployment in the UK has risen to over 2.6 million, though given the depth of the recession, you might have expected it to be even more (e.g. in 1980s, unemployment rose to over 3 million). However, in Europe, many countries in recession have seen a catastrophic rise in unemployment. With rates of over 20% in countries such as Greece, Spain and Portugal. [pic] Rise in Spanish Unemployment. Source ECB Lower wages Firms will also try to reduce costs by keeping wages low. Some workers (especially temporary workers without contracts may see wage cuts) This has been a key feature of the 2008-12 recession, also aggravated by rising costs of living. With...
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...The Economic Impact of Opening the Armenian-Turkish Border Mher Baghramyan Armenian International Policy Research Group Armenia Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) Regional CompetenceBuilding for Think-Tanks in the South Caucasus and Central Asia 2012[2009] Mher Baghramyan Email: MherBaghramyan@gmail.com The Economic Impact of Opening the Armenian-Turkish Border Abstract: This research attempts to analyze and evaluate the possible economic impact of opening the Armenian-Turkish border. Results obtained by analyzing currently existing trade flows are combined with opinions and estimates gained during interviews with experts, businessmen, and government officials, as well as from mass-media and professional publications. Different sectors of the economy such as energy, tourism, transportation and agriculture are considered. Sectors of the Armenian economy that might have competitive advantage or disadvantage after the border is opened are also identified. Policy makers should pay special attention to those sectors that are expected to be most affected, while measures must also be developed to protect vulnerable sectors. In order to maximize the expected benefits of the border opening, the government should also facilitate improvements in the overall competitiveness of Armenian companies by investing in infrastructure in the border regions, such as railways, roads, warehouses and providing transparent, fair and effective public services, in particular...
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...consequences, but ultimately China has benefited more than suffered. In 2001, China joined the World Trade Organization in response to the globalisation trend and reduced its trade barriers, opening up to foreign investments and international trade. This was beneficial to the economy as it further brought major beneficial changes in its economy such as having access to the world market, attracting foreign investment, adopting new ways of management and the access of new technologies. Additionally, to further contribute to their high economic growth levels, China introduced a 5-year economic program in 2010 to build socialised harmonised countries in order to balance the wealth distribution, improve education, Medicare and social security. This has already began to increase China’s level of GDP by 45% and their Human Development Index (HDI) has risen by 0.3 in the past 40 years. However, recent trends show that despite the improvements in economic growth and development in China, in recent decades, the richest 10% of the Chinese population (mostly living in coastal cities) owns 45% of the nation’s wealth, while the poorest 10% own only 1.4% of it. The coastal cities benefit more from globalisation because of its closeness to the rest of the world. This uneven distribution of income shows that the improvements in the quality of life are not equally shared Through its acceptance of globalisation, China has been able to maintain consistently high growth, which has allowed for improvements...
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...Economy systems and their impact It is possible to argue this in two ways. It is possible to say that a market economy would handle this situation best, but it is also possible to say that a command economy (the more socialist the better) would be more efficient. But local citizens, fire departments, police, or anyone who is in the immediate area and also the local government are the first to respond. They help to search for living people and try to rescue and aid as many victims as possible. National non-profit organizations like the Red Cross and other Non Government Organizations (NGO’s) are normally on the scene relatively quickly to try to ease the suffering and aid in the humanitarian causes of searching for survivors. However, it is also possible to argue that a market economy is the best system for dealing with disaster. The argument here is that governments simply do not work efficiently, regardless of how much power they have. The various people in government do not have much of an incentive to work their hardest to make the recovery happen. By contrast, firms in a market economy would have a motive (the profit motive) to work quickly and efficiently. They would also tend to have the expertise needed to accomplish the task. This is, for example, why some people argue that large stores like Wal-Mart, Lowe’s, and Home Depot were better able to get supplies to places that were hit by Hurricane Sandy than the government was. But I would rather go with Socialism...
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...Impact of Alfred Marshall on Economics Robert L. Upshur Grantham University Steve Shaw Microeconomics August 21, 2012 Alfred Marshall (July 26, 1842 – July 13, 1924), was one of the most influential economists of his time. He led the British Neoclassical School of Economics, and was responsible for the emergence of Cambridge University as a center of economic research in the early twentieth century. Through his work, applying mathematical principles to economic issues, economics became established as a scientific discipline. Marshall attempted to bring together the classical approach, in which value was determined by cost of production, with the idea of marginal utility developed both by his British predecessor William Stanley Jevons and the Austrian School in continental Europe, downplaying the revolutionary nature of their insights. He argued that supply and demand factors (cost of production and utility respectively) both determine price, suggesting that their relative importance is mostly a factor of the time period (long run or short run) under consideration. Although Marshall's views were never completely accepted by all economists, his ideas were influential in advancing understanding of economic relationships, which are fundamental to the successful development and maintenance of a stable, prosperous society that benefits all its members. Modern economists owe the linkage between price shifts and curve shifts to Marshall. Marshall contributed to the "marginalist...
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...of Arts & Commerce Vitthalwadi-East Email-Id :- kadam.a333@gmail.com Contact No:- 9029787363 ICT AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH Exploring the growth potential of ICT ------------------------------------------------- Abstract: ------------------------------------------------- Past decade saw the growth of service sector and marveled on the growing potential of the IT industry. This became more relevant if we see the exponential growth of Internet along with T.V and Radio. So Information Technology (IT) along with Communication Technology (C.T) converges to give us a unique combination of ICT-Information and Communication Technology. This paper attempts to understand the contribution of ICT in the growth story of India. It analyzes the contribution towards growth with the help of four major components of ICT: Internet, Telecom, IT sector, T.V and Radio. The paper presents data and statistics providing sample evidence of the ever growing contributions of ICT towards income generation and employment for the country and thus having a major economical impact. Finally the paper concludes with the fact that it is high time to acknowledge the relevance of ICT within the service sector and growth cannot be looked exclusive of it. Information and Communication Technology:- Number of different studies find that there is a positive impact of the spread of ICT on national output (Röller and Waverman 2001, Sridhar and Sridhar 2004).According to a recent World...
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...OPEC OIL IN 2010: ECONOMIC EVENTS, TRENDS IN DEMAND AND SUPPLY AND IMPACT ON PRICES Etuwat James J.O., American University of Leadership, 2012 1.0 INTRODUCTION This submission is on an organization known by its acronym OPEC but its full name is Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries. The write up seeks to identify economic events related to 2010 that have influenced the trends of the supply and demand of OPEC oil and the impact of these events on oil prices. My focus will be on the period of 2010 and to an extent prior to that year. According to their website (OPEC 2012) , the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a permanent, intergovernmental Organization and was created in the Iraq capital of Baghdad after endorsement of accord in 1960 by the founding members, Kuwait, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Islamic Republic of Iran and Venezuela. Others came in later in alphabetical order: Algeria (1969), Angola (2007), Ecuador (1973), Gabon (1975), Indonesia (1962), Libya (1962), Nigeria (1971), Qatar (1961), United Arab Emirates (1967). However, Ecuador deferred its membership in the period December 1992 to October 2007, Gabon ceased its attachment in 1995. Indonesia shelved its commitment from January 2009. At the moment, OPEC has Member Nations. OPEC had its head office in Geneva, Switzerland, for five years since its creation but transferred Vienna, Austria in 1965. The governing charter of OPEC differentiates between the Founder Members and Full Members...
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...Discuss the impact of globalisation on economic development, with reference to an economy other than Australia. Globalisation refers to the integration between different countries and economies and the increased impact of international influences on all aspects of life and economic activity. China's economy has become substantially globalised since their economic reform in the late 1970s, and has thus experienced exponential economic growth and some economic development, which has aided their transformation from a developing to emerging economy. Evidence of globalisation in China can be seen in their international and trade-based financial flows, their ever-improving state of technology and communication and their increased level of alignment...
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...The Economic Impact of Immigration Within Canada There has been an appeal in immigrating to Canada ever since the early 1800’s, but only in the past seventy years have we seen drastic changes in domestic immigration law and policy. Most notably Canada has received recognition for its Immigration Act of 1976 as well as our current Immigration and Refugee Protection Act from 2002. Canadian immigration is still evolving today and currently Canada is known as a country with a broad immigration policy that is reflected in the countries ethnic diversity. Policy goals, selectivity and trade are three prominent aspects of Canadian immigration that I have found compelling journal articles written on. Although every aspect of immigration has its differences, they all similarly share a united end common goal of further benefiting Canada. Economics is a similarity that plays a large role in each aspect and article, from strategically selecting immigrants that will quickly economically assimilate to using immigration to increase trade flow from foreign countries. Although in contrast – the article that I have found to obtain the most compelling argument on Canadian immigration policy is the one that disagrees with using immigration solely for economic means, it implicitly states that immigration policy should not solely be seen in economic benefits but that it should be seen as primarily a cultural, social and humanitarian policy opposed to an economic one. In the first article I examined...
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...national security is based on the level of economic prosperity and well-being of the population of any country. This is especially so for developing countries like India. The attainment of sustained high economic growth is a necessary condition for improving the national security and the quality of life of the people throughout the country Many developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region, including China and India where nearly one third of the world’s population live, are currently going through economic transitions. India launched its market-oriented economic reforms in 1991. China launched similar reforms from 1978 and is now well ahead of India in integrating its national economy with the global economy. However, India is slowly but surely catching up in this race. The contrast in the experiences of these two countries with economic reforms under radically different political systems is remarkable. In India, post-1991 economic reforms have been evolutionary and incremental in nature. There have been delays and reverses in some areas due to the interplay of democratic politics, coalition governments, and pressure groups with vested interests. However, each of the five successive governments that have held office in India since 1991 have carried on these economic reforms, which have been based on market liberalization and a larger role for private enterprise. REFORMS IN INDIA SINCE 1991 India’s economic reforms began in 1991 when a newly elected...
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...Business Cycle and its Impact on Economic Indicators Olufunmilayo Ogutuga Economics For Managers ECON 550 Professor Saad Khalil December 10, 2011 | | Abstract It is no surprise that the economy of The United States of America is going through a cyclical peak. During the various business cycles, economic indicators revealed how the economy is doing based on gross domestic product, employment, inflation, retails sales etc. This paper would critically examine the business cycle and its implications in terms of higher sales, consumer demands and labor cost. It will also analyze how economic indicators such as Real GDP, Unemployment and Inflation have been impacted by the current and unfortunate economic situation faced in the United States today. Introduction The United States, like many other countries, is experiencing a major change in its economic system; and it is currently coming out of a recessionary business cycle which saw the production of goods and services decline, and unemployment on the rise; but the economy is moving at a snail's pace, easing into a peak. The paper will focus on how to interpret the business cycle and explain the current business cycle in the United States through an in-depth and critical look at the economic indicators. These Economic indicators will reveal the current economic situation as well as help...
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