...HOW THE FIRST NUCLEAR AGE STARTED AND HOW IT ENDED Introduction Nuclear, the most powerful energy fuel on earth has been discover on 8th November 1895 by Wilhelm Röntgen when he accidently discover X-ray. According to Njolstand Olav in the Nobel prize website “The real Nuclear age started in 1939 when the President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt received a letter from physicist Albert Einstein and his Hungarian colleague Leo Szilard, calling to his attention the prospect that a bomb of unprecedented power could be made by tapping the forces of nuclear fission, just after the outbreak of World War II in Europe.” (Njølstad, 2003) This was a turning point in the beginning of the development of nuclear weapons in the world. After the first atomic bomb exploded in 1945, many countries in the world have been competing with each other to develop these weapons systems. The earliest countries to blow up nuclear weapons after the U.S. was the Soviet Union and followed by Britain, France and others. The existence of the nuclear weapon become the most powerful deterrence tool in the cold war between two ideologies. The collapse of the communist ideology in many communist country in the world, it is the signed of the end of cold war and the end of the first nuclear age. The First Nuclear Age Concerned with the ability of the Nazi Germany to produce the super weapon at that time, the President of the US in collaboration with Britain has ordered an ongoing research project...
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...Manhattan Project was justified or if nuclear weapons are even ethical. Seeing the destruction of the “Little Man” and “Fat Boy” bombs in the moment arose great fear and discontent. However, looking at the Manhattan Project in retrospect shows that the advantages gained through the years greatly outweigh the consequences of the nuclear weapons. The Manhattan Project was a pivotal endeavor in America’s history...
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...producing nuclear weapons. China too has recently entered the race. These facts, together with the mounting rivalry and tension between the two Power Blocs, give rise to the fear that the world is perilously on the brink of a nuclear war. The horrors of a nuclear war are unimaginable. We may have some idea of them by recalling the havoc caused by the dropping of the atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki towards the end of the Second World War. Not only were the two cities wiped out of existence but the atmosphere for miles around was polluted and people there fell victims to strange diseases. The destruction of entire cities and sudden deaths of millions of civilians caused by nuclear weapons are shocking enough. But what is more shocking, though it is not adequately realised by laymen, is the disastrous effect of the use of such weapons on the survivors and their unborn children. The radioactive fallout spreads for miles around and causes untold harm to millions of innocent people. The radiation produced by the splitting of the atom causes mysterious diseases and leads to the birth of defective children. In fact, the fall-out from the nuclear tests and explosions in Siberia and the Pacific has already caused a lot of harm, though the Great Powers carrying out these experiments may not admit it. It is known, for example, that nuclear test made some years ago on the distant Marshall Islands affected the health of several Japanese fishermen. The harm caused by wars in the...
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...PRESENTATION DESCRIPTION | |Nuclear has been the biggest fear in the world when it is used as |Nuclear Threat Nuclear weapon and its physical damage | |weapon and it has insurmountable negative effects on societies in |Nuclear weapon deterioration of health – what kinds of radiation are | |terms of its physical destruction and deterioration on human health. |emitted in a nuclear explosion and what effect do they have on human | |Not a thesis statement but a statement of fact. |beings? | |Try: Why is it best for nuclear attack victims to be right at Ground |http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway_pre_2011| |Zero? |/living_future/4_nuclear_radiation1.shtml | |Working Thesis Statement: Countries may use the nuclear weapons in |Oral Presentation Thesis Statement (must be based on PART of the | |future because of the possibility of religious war and the other |research project): The time between 1946 and 2012, no atomic bomb had| |reasons. |been used even as an overt thread threat in any warpolitical crisis, | |I will argue that there is a strong possibility that nuclear weapons |the reasons … (I will find by researching.) ...
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...Nuclear Weapons In 1939, scientist Albert Einstein wrote a letter to the United States president of the time, Franklin D. Roosevelt, concerning the research of splitting a uranium atom that could lead to the development of an atomic bomb in Germany. In the letter, Einstein wrote,”It may be possible to set off a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium, by which large amounts of power and new radium like elements would be generated.” He continued,” This new development could lead to the creation of bombs, and as it seems, but less likely, the construction of an even bigger, new type of bomb.” President Roosevelt, although skeptical at first, decided to go through with the research and in 1941 the Manhattan Project was born. Four years later on August 6, the United States Dropped the first nuclear atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima wiping out 90 percent of the city, killing more than 80,000 people, and later tens of thousands more. Then again on August 9, another bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki and killing more than 40,000. 6 days later, the Emperor of Japan announced Japan’s official surrender to the United States in World War II. The effects and after effects of the the two bombs dropped shocked the entire world, even those a part of the Manhattan Project. The Japanese Emperor Hirohito described the bombs as the ”new and most cruel bomb.” This research paper will discuss the pros and cons of the use of nuclear weapons among different countries...
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...Nuclear warfare (sometimes atomic warfare or thermonuclear warfare) is a military conflict or political strategy in which nuclear weaponry is used to inflict damage on the enemy. Compared to conventional warfare, nuclear warfare can be vastly more destructive in range and extent of damage, and in a much shorter time frame. A major nuclear exchange would have long-term effects, primarily from the fallout released, and could also lead to a "nuclear winter" that could last for decades, centuries, or even millennia after the initial attack.[1][2] Some analysts claim that with this potential nuclear winter side-effect of a nuclear war almost every human on Earth could starve to death,[3][4] While other analysts, that dismiss the nuclear winter hypothesis, calculate that with nuclear weapon stockpiles at Cold War highs, in a surprise countervalue global nuclear war, megadeaths to billions of casualties would have resulted but billions of people would nevertheless have survived the global thermonuclear war.[5][6][7][8] Only two nuclear weapons have been used in the course of warfare, both by the United States near the end of World War II. On August 6, 1945, a uranium gun-type device (code name "Little Boy") was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later, on August 9, a plutonium implosion-type device (code name "Fat Man") was detonated over Nagasaki, Japan. These two bombings resulted in the deaths of approximately 200,000 people from acute injuries sustained in...
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...The rising concern of North Korea and its threat to the world with nuclear tests is apparently in need to meet a new and practical solution. Six countries just sitting down trying to negotitate but ending up nowhere is not the measure the world wants. Over years, United States and South Korea has tried to soothe the temper of North Korea but it never seemed to work. In fact, it only allowed the rogue state to be a bad tempered infant, throwing temper whenever things do not go the way they want. Such provovative acts resulted in actual victims and death of South korean people. For example, the cheon-An crisis took away over 40 soldiers, who were someone's father, son or beloved sibling. Now, North Korea dropped off from the NPT and is trying to throw its temper again, but this time harder. The rising tension between the two Koreas is making citizens feel frustrated, especially those living near the northern end of South Korea. Something must be done, but this time something practical. In this sense, a new meausre to suppress North Korea, not to soothe, is in need. In other words, South Korea must become a nuclear weapon state for the following three reasones: the impossibility of the world changing into a world without nuclear weapons, the need to safeguard against North Korea and lastly the contribution to peace through nuclear paradox. Firstly, the contemporary society cannot be fully disarmed with nuclear weapons and thus a more practical alternative should be seeked for...
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...disarmament and nuclear weapon war Definitions of Terms: Ethical issues: This can be defined as a problem or conflicts that requires an individual or an organization to choose between alternatives that must be evaluated as right (ethical) or wrong (unethical). An ethical issue is said to bring system of morality and principles into conflicts. Disarmament: This is the process whereby there is a reduction or withdrawal of military forces and weapons. It is also the act of limiting or abolishing weapons. Disarmament is sometimes taken to mean total elimination of weapons of mass extermination, such as nuclear arms. Nuclear weapon: This are bomb or missile which run on nuclear energy to cause...
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...The Military Impact of the Cold War on the United Sates Kin Ruan 4/8/12 D.Cooper Green Class Every big event usually has very huge impact affecting the world we are in nowadays. These events happened decide how the world is going to be, such as the Cold War that made changes in the U.S. military. The Cold War happened between the U.S. and USSR from 1945 to 1991. During the Cold War, the two superpowers were competing with each other. They had varieties of competitions in different ways such as nuclear arms race. One of the biggest reasons for their competitions is that the U.S. and the USSR have two different political systems. As the final result we occur today, the Cold War forced the U.S. to cease their nuclear weapons and instead focus on conventional weapons. Both the United States and the Soviet Union emerged right after the World War II as the two strongest powers in the world, advanced in various aspects such as technology, military, and economy. However, their development was based on two different political systems that to some extent go against each other. These two national systems were very different. The system in the U.S. called capitalism. Capitalism has been known by profit income, private wealth, competitive markets, and inequality classes. The system emphasizes on personal ownership and individual development. The system in the USSR called communism. It...
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...Einstein's Effect on the Development of the Atom Bomb Albert Einstein wrote a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt that had a massive effect on the development of nuclear weapons. It lead to the use of nuclear weapons, nuclear power and had a lasting effect on the world. Albert Einstein’s letter to franklin D. Roosevelt was supposed to warn a nation and keep from the death of Americans but was turned around to be used upon others as a weapon. The letter informed Roosevelt that the Nazi forces in Germany had found out how to use the equation made by Einstein (E = MC² or Energy equals Mass multiplied by the Speed of Light Squared) to create a nuclear bomb capable of wiping out entire cities. Einstein knew that if able to be harnessed the energy given from any matter would be immense but predicted it to be impossible. Then the use of shooting neutrons at nucleuses was used to create an unstable bond that created a chain reaction releasing immense amounts of energy. Roosevelt sent back a letter thanking Albert and informing that he would act upon the information presented to him. Within weeks a large workforce of scientists were summoned, and a facility was created to try racing the Nazi party in understanding and finding out how to use nuclear energy for warfare...
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...Nuclear Warfare Jessica Mendez History 1000c Professor Herbin December 3, 2012 Today I write to you, Mr. President, with understanding that we, as a nation, sit in a tough predicament. The war has been going on for quite sometime now and although we’ve made some advances on the front lines, it still doesn’t seem like enough to defeat those threatening us. Innocent lives have been taken on both our part as well as our enemies’ and our nation is looking to you in hopes that you may have some sort of a strategy to end this war once and for all. It has been brought to my attention that the use of nuclear weapons has been proposed to you as a strategy to bring this long war to an end. Nuclear weapons have proved somewhat successful in the past (WWII) and are still available for use in an even larger quantity. The reason why my saying that it was “somewhat successful” is because although it brought an ending to World War II, it caused a tremendous amount of hurt to many innocent people and to nature. The use of the nuclear weapon also tickled the curiosity of many nations to begin building their own nuclear bombs. When it was first used, we were the only ones that had successfully harnessed the nuclear energy to use it as weapons of mass destruction. Now in time, that is no longer the case. Many nations now also have a line up of nuclear weapons of mass destruction hidden away and ready to be used at a moments notice. Personally, I don’t believe that the use of such...
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...Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions of radioactive elements such as uranium and plutonium to generate nuclear energy. The energy generates heat to boil water which then causes the steam turbines to rotate and generate electricity inside a nuclear power plant. The United States is the world’s largest producer of nuclear energy, accounting for 30% of the world’s nuclear generation electricity. The US currently has 100 nuclear reactors in operation, producing 800 million kilowatt hour of electricity in 2015. Since the early 1990s, the United States is currently the only superpower country in the world due to their economy, military, and political influence. The United States relies on nuclear power for over the past three-quarters of...
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...* Essays » * History World War Ii Through the 1970's By micahneisha33, March 2013 | 9 Pages (2,045 Words) | 402 Views | Report | ------------------------------------------------- This is a Premium essay Sign Up to access full essay * * * * * * March 3, 2013 In this paper I will go into details explains two major historical turning points that occurred during the period of World War II through the 1970’s, and the effect it had on today’s society, economy, politics and culture. In this paper I will also give two reasons why in the late 30’s Americans wanted to remain out of the European conflict. In this paper I will talk about the role women played to helped win World War II, will describes two civil rights breakthroughs, explain two ways the Vietnam War brought political awareness to a new generation of young Americans and I will talk about two programs that president Lyndon Johnson Great Society Agenda had put into effect and that are still into effect today. A turning point was in 1962, the world experienced a threat so real, so dangerous, and so deadly; that any believed Armageddon was approaching. The Cuban Missile Crisis was undoubtedly the closest the world has come to nuclear war in its entire existence. The presence of Soviet nuclear warheads on Cuban soil, less than 100 miles from the coast of Florida shocked the world. The discovery of the missiles was completely unexpected; the public's reaction was not. Thousands...
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...The effects to the environment and humankind caused by war Cause and Effect Essay Professor Kelly Gehlhoff Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for English 112 English Composition Two Pueblo, Colorado May 2012 Abstract War causes devastating and often irreversible effects to both humans and the earth. Throughout history, armies have burned the enemy’s crops, rivers have been damed, and water supplies have been poisoned, all in the name of war. The consequences these wars have on humankind include death, injury, dislocation, and malnutrition, which falls hand and hand with the destruction of the environment. Warfare is a terrible thing, bombs destroy life, tanks and other military vehicles damage ecosystems beyond repair, battleships pollute the oceans, and chemical and nuclear weapons have the potential to end life on this planet. The effects to the environment and humankind caused by war In the recent past there have been tragic results of war on the environment and humans, from World War I to the present day Gulf Wars. The ultimate fear is that war will have taken such a toll on the Earth, its inhabitants, and its natural resources that there will not be a world left for humankind to live in. Armed forces destroy their own ecosystems, as well those of the enemy, to win wars. Forests may be stripped of all timber to eliminate hiding places and oil wells, fresh water, crops, land and the animals are ruined to...
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...Nuclear War vs Terrorism During the early to mid-1900’s the threat that Americans were under from war was evident and frightening. The process of preparing for war against us is better than trying to prepare for a terrorist attack. The threat of terrorism today scares Americans more now than ever. The FBI website separates the term of terrorism into “Domestic Terrorism” and “International Terrorism”. Both definitions include similar content such as “acts dangerous to human life that violate federal or state law,” (Federal Bureau of Investigation). Terrorism attacks usually are a single event or multiple single events made by the same group towards innocent citizens of a nation. Terrorist attacks are more likely to be surprising attacks by a group or type of people that are defending or promoting a certain religious or political issue. Nuclear war would not be a good thing in these times, especially towards other countries that have limited resources. Nuclear weapons produce more than just geographic harm and economic turmoil, but it also causes severe pollution and health concerns. Some products used to build nuclear weapons are carcinogenic and can pose serious health among those who live near ground zero of a nuclear attack. “History, psychology, and common sense strongly suggest that nuclear war is more probable than most of us would like to believe. This, and the cataclysmic quality of nuclear war, imply that humanity can scarcely afford another half a century in the...
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