...Define and give examples of what terrorism is and the associated risks involved for emergency responders Terrorism is the use of violence in order to create fear, to advance their cause. “The more frightened we are, the more successful will terrorists judge their attacks” (Newman, G., Clarke, R., 2008, p. 18) Terrorists search for certain characteristics when deciding on where to attack, such as be famous, important, accessible, or large immigrant population to blend in (Newman, G., Clarke, R., 2008). Examples of where these characteristics were present on U.S. soil was the 9/11 attacks and the Boston Marathon attack. Emergency Responders face a variety of risks when they respond to a terrorist event. Some of these risks are more commonly known, such as the physical risk and psychological risk. The physical risks come from the different types of attacks, and psychological risk come from the terrible things the first responders see during these events. The other lesser known risks faced by first responders are their lack of knowledge of the situation, being taken by surprise by the event, and poor information amongst first responders. The lesser known risks come from a flaws in the training of first responders, as well as the truth that any...
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...Presidential Directives (HSPD) 5 and 8 mandated the establishment and implementation of the National Incident Management System (NIMS) as the standard that all “first Responders” must use when handling large-scale incidents. The stated purpose of HSPD 5 is “to enhance the ability of the United States to manage domestic incidents by establishing a single, comprehensive national incident management system.” But there was only one problem that was overlooked, and that problem was the training of first responders to effectively handle large scale incidents. NIMS-FEMA Emergency Management Institute offers over one hundred and fifty online courses (I have completed 142 courses) with the main interests and emphasis on how separate organizations work together in all hazards emergencies to save lives and protect property. Public safety’s handling of large scale incidents is always judged by how well they ended, or how many lives were lost or saved, property damage and how quickly was the affected community returned to normal. The question that still needs to be addressed is “how does one attempt to tackle a spontaneous event the size of 9/11 without training and preparation?” During 9/11, there were three major pitfalls with all first responders that I think contributed to some loss of life and posed endangerment to all first responders; the lack of interoperable communication, little or no cross discipline coordination, and no framework in...
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...parks NT1310 Week 3 Lab: Building a New Structure-Codes NFPA 10 NFPA 10 provides requirements to ensure that portable fire extinguishers will work as intended to provide a first line of defense against fires of limited size. Criteria cover installations for Class A, B, C, D, and K hazards as well as the selection, inspection, maintenance, recharging, and testing of portable fire extinguishing equipment. Includes a list of obsolete fire extinguishers that should be removed from service. NFPA 1, Fire Code, advances fire and life safety for the public and first responders as well as property protection by providing a comprehensive, integrated approach to fire code regulation and hazard management. It addresses all the bases with extracts from and references to more than 130 NFPA® codes and standards including such industry benchmarks as NFPA 101, NFPA 54, NFPA 58, NFPA 30, NFPA 13, NFPA 25, and NFPA 72. Requirements cover the full range of fire and life safety issues from fire protection systems and equipment and occupant safety in new and existing buildings to hazardous materials, flammable and combustible liquids, LP-Gas, and more. NFPA 11 This standard covers the design, installation, operation, testing, and maintenance of low-, medium-, and high-expansion foam systems for fire protection. Criteria apply to fixed, semi-fixed, or portable systems for interior and exterior hazards. General requirements include system components and system types, specifications and plan installation...
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...ENGR. SAEED AHMAD (Emergency Officer) Punjab Emergency Service, Rescue 1122 Ph. No. 0346-7380800, 0333-5526365 1998-2003 B.Sc. Mining Engineering University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore. Class Marks % age Aggregate 854/1250 68.32% (1st Class) HSSC (1994-96) Govt. Degree College Rajan Pur 782/1100 71.09% (1st Class) SSC (1992-94) G.H.S # 1 Rajan Pur 693/850 81.53% (1st Class) Radiation, Its Sources Hazards and Protection, ▪ MS Office ▪ Fortran-77, Complete software installation ▪ All Operating Systems (Windows) ▪ In Page, Corel Draw. • Working as Emergency Officer (BPS-17) at Punjab Emergency Service, Rescue 1122, Rajan Pur from September 28, 2009 to date. • Worked as a Project Manager at M/S Zeeshan Mining Co. Tehsil Kallar Kahar District Chakwal from February 03, 2008 to 27.09.2009. • Worked as a Principal Vocational Training Institutes Sillanwali (Sargodha) and Fazilpur (Rajanpur) subsidiary of Punjab Vocational Training Council (Govt. of Punjab) from April 07, 2006 to 02.02.2008. • Worked as an Apprentice Mining Engineer in P.M.D.C Salt Mines Khewra from October 01, 2005 to April 05, 2006. • Worked as A.M.E(Assistant Mining Engineer) in Aziz Inam & Company Choa Saiden Shah District Chakwal from October 01, 2003 to Sep 31, 2005. ➢ Three Weeks Survey Camp at Abbottabad (Best Group). ➢ Four weeks practical Training at P.M.D.C Collieries Sor-Range Quetta...
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...1937, Gallego, the author of the bill, wanted the men and women whose profession was peace officer, firefighters or emergency medical first responders across Texas, and who have been killed or injured in the line of duty to be honored by Texas government. In 2003, when the bill was first introduced, Gallego, made clear definition of professions relating to Texas memorial medal of valor awards (this award was named star of Texas Awards after the review of House Committee). For example, in his introduced bill of HB 1937, he explained the meaning of “Emergency medical first responder”, “Firefighter”, and “Peace officer”. And, Gallego intended to clarify who would be able to issue the award, who would be able to receive the award, and who would be able to decide the recipients of the award. For instance, Gallego said that the Texas Peace Officers Memorial Medal of Valor Advisory Committee shall advise the governor on the issuance of the award. Also, Gallego mentioned the committee consists of three current or retired peace officers appointed by the governor and those three peace members of committee should have served with distinction. When Gallego’s bill was reviewed by the House Committee, the House Committee made some changes. For instance, the definition of “Emergency medical first responder” was changed. Gallego defined the emergency medical first responder as the medical service provider who...
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...First responders put their lives on the front line in varied situations constantly. Even though their training and experience attempts to prepare them for any type of situation of any degree, they are never really in full control of the situation or outcome of hazardous terrorist attacks. Frist responders frequently rush to respond to disastrous events and are on most occasions unaware of the full extent of the damage and cause until arriving on the scene. When it comes to hazardous events, first responders face potential physical and health risk that can be major. Frist responders may arrive on the scene and experience explosions, fires, and toxin exposure that could lead to skin and organ damage such as eye and throat burns, body rashes, skin burns, and death. The types of hazardous material involved in terrorism has a varied range of materials....
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...Structural Collapse Fire fighters and other emergency rescue workers (first responders) have to contend with a variety of natural events causing collapsed structures such as earthquakes, fire, heavy snow accumulations, hurricanes, tornadoes, and landslides. Today, emergency responders face the added threat of entering buildings that have collapsed as a result of a terrorist attack. For example, the first terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in 1993, the Alfred P. Murray Federal Building bombing in Oklahoma City in 1995, the second terrorist attack on the World Trade Center on 9-11-01 as well as the Pentagon. Not only do these emergency responders face the expected dangers upon entering a collapsed building such as natural gas leaks, fire, exposure to live electrical wiring, secondary collapse and insufficient oxygen, they may now have to face the unexpected hazards of secondary explosive devices and residual contamination from CBRN. As a means of mitigating these types of major disasters first responders, particularly firefighters have been asked to take on additional responsibilities which include the management of hazardous materials, confined space, water rescue and structural collapse. The attacks that occurred on 9/11 and the hurricanes that struck the gulf coast revealed shortcomings in response capabilities and demonstrated the need for increased training and preparation to respond to acts of terrorism and large-scale manmade and natural disasters. Recent history...
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...In order to keep everyone safe indoors and outdoors, I look for hazards in the area where the children will be playing, learning, and exploring. Before entering students should know the proper rules and procedures ahead of time in case of an emergency. Which means procedures and rules should be practiced at least once a week for a month or until there is no need for assistance. Staff should be fully trained and well equipped given an emergency during any time. Even if no assistance is needed supervision is always required, as well as supplies, materials, and equipment at hand or is known to be in a close range. To keep everyone healthy indoors and outdoors, I make sure sanitary procedures are stated and present. When entering or exiting an area students, staff, and classroom equipment should be well sanitized daily. For example hand washing before and after eating along with when children are playing indoors and outdoors. Staff should sanitize before and after dealing with each child to prevent the transferring of germs. Rest and nutrition are also a very important role in a child’s everyday life. Students should be immediately tended to when dealing with allergy emergencies no matter how severe. Naps are required in a child care center, children should have a chance to rest during the day specifically children ages new born to five. To ensure I create an active learning environment indoors and outdoors, I keep activities active and very communicative. I like for the kids...
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...factory. This information can be about danger of the chemical use, Medical guideline in case of chemical reaction, Protective test for safety, storage method of the chemicals. Usually Hazcards are used by the technician’s room in the schools. Before students start an activity in the laboratory they should always complete a Risk Assessment. A risk assessment is nothing more than a careful examination of what, in their work, could cause harm to people, so that they can weigh up whether they have taken enough precautions or should do more to prevent harm. The aim is to make sure that no one gets hurt or becomes ill. A risk assessment should tell us what the hazards are, what the risks are, how to minimise the risks and what to do in an emergency. Health and Safety Executive This law was introduced in 1974 The law on health and safety at work in Great Britain is regulated by the Health and Safety Executive and local authorities. As controllers, our role is to determine that businesses are effectively and proportionately managing their health and safety risks to workers and others. To do this, we use a range of interventions to influence, encourage and advise business and, where necessary, hold to account those who fail to meet their...
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...Problem Statement Greg James, a global manager at Sun Microsystems, has found himself in a difficult situation after his teams failed to respond to a customer’s outage. James’s main problems are that his teams have a support system that fails to address emergency situations and that James has poor, inefficient communication with his teams that leads to unhappiness in the workplace. Analysis Sun Microsystems uses a support systems that queues problems for resolution. The situation for HS Holdings went into a queue that is designed to keep track of missing contract numbers. Since there is no queue system for emergencies, it took several hours for anyone of importance to notice the issue. Jamal, the programmer that created the queue system, stated his assignment was to create a queue for accounts with missing contract numbers. Never was Jamal communicated to create a program that dealt with emergencies such as when a client’s servers go down. The problem here is that Sun Microsystems does not have an emergency situation protocol. With a fail proof support system, one that is designed to deal with emergencies, James would not be traveling across the globe to meet with each of him teams. Sun Microsystems also fails from poor and inefficient communications from James to his teams which has caused unhappiness. If this problem is left uncheck, employee morale will decrease and Sun Microsystems could start to see themselves with a high employee turnover. One of the biggest reasons...
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...Abstract This report is filed to illustrate the A competent ambulance volunteer is expected to have certain characteristics that would enable them to overcome difficulties and emergencies. The results of this study indicate that courage, composure, optimistic attitudes and spirit of cooperation are the four most vital characteristics for an ambulance volunteer. Based on our study, we strongly recommend ambulance organizations to provide practical training with self-rescue knowledge, build optimistic attitudes and cultivate spirit of cooperation when training volunteers. 1.0 Introduction In nowadays society, increased attentions are gathered on public safety emergencies. Amongst one of the most important rescue and evacuation tools, the demand for ambulance is increasing rapidly. However, not everyone is suitable for handling ambulances. This study explores the qualities and characteristics individuals ought to have to become a successful ambulance volunteer, and provides recommendations for ambulance organizations on how to hire the appropriate personnel. All data and findings used in this report are obtained from official websites and academic journals. 2.0 Findings According to Shylen (2008), the demand for ambulance services is increasing dramatically in Australia, but the number of ambulance volunteers is gradually decreasing, with obvious drop-offs in numbers certain volunteer positions. These positions need a large amount of new employees. The qualities and characteristics...
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...interesting to know that the dress code instills some form of confidence to fire victims. When these victims see a firefighter in full fire combat, they feel at ease and adhere strictly to the orders they are given. A firefighter should, therefore, ensure that they are in their uniform when responding to such scenarios. Further, delays and bulky procedures tend to increase panic among the victims. There should be an easy procedure that will allow the evacuation of victims as fast as possible especially to the crowded places. Movements should be controlled to ease the overcrowding and possibly reduce the number of casualties. Firefighters should also provide emergency lighting facilities as in most instances fire emergencies cause blackouts, and if victims were left out in the darkness, they are likely to panic even more. Providing emergency lights allows victims to trace their easiest way out of the building. The exits should be well labelled to avoid directing the evacuees to risk areas that would subject them to more danger. References Freedman, M. (2015). Fighting Fire in the Sierra National Forest. Charleston, S.C.: History...
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...Before joining the Fire Department, I didn’t have a clue as to what it entailed. I knew that committing to the department wasn’t going to be casual; still I was surprised as to how much it demanded from me. In order to learn how to act during emergency situations, there were monthly company drills (training exercises) that we were required to attend. Sometimes the training was very intense, although they were highly controlled, it was always dangerous. A common exercise was entering a multi-storied building with fires at various locations, which we had to find and put out. The drill was highly teamwork oriented and required concise communication in making our way around. Other drills ranged from practicing force-entry into buildings to getting into full turnout gear with an SCBA ready to use. We had even purchased a junkyard car to set on fire in order to practice putting out car fires. Many of the fire related calls were minor or false alarms. Although there were some actual fire crises, many of the emergencies were medical. Some people are surprised to find out that the local fire department runs many of the ambulances. Some calls I responded to were: overdoses, heart attacks, and the elderly falling in their home. Usually an EMT on scene would check the patient and decide whether or not they needed hospitalization. If they did need medical attention, we would get them on the stretcher and bring them to the local hospital. I’d say being a volunteer at the CPFD had...
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...Name Instructor’s Name HS 310/01 – Spring 2012 Date Emergency Management Plan for Daytona State College Incident Command System (ICS) ICS provides a standardized incident response preplanning that is on-scene and caters for all hazards. ICS is based on a flexible and scalable response to hazards that can expand or contract as the need arises. At the scene of the incident, responders may come from multiple agencies that do not normally work together but can work efficiently due to the standardization of ICS (Porter 21). There are two classifications of ICS activities. These are incident and events. Incidents are the unplanned situations that necessitate response from various parties. Incidences include terrorism, natural disasters, and hazardous material spills. On the other hand, events are planned situations. Events require the emergency responders to preplan how to respond to emergencies. Some examples of events include parades, inaugurations, parties, concerts, and other state fairs. In ICS, all individuals participating in the operations report to only one supervisor. This helps in eliminating conflicting orders to the individuals (Porter 21). This greatly aids in improving the efficiency of the activities especially if the emergency responders have to expand them. Main Components of NIMS Preparedness Effective emergency management activities should have preparedness activities that are continuously undertaken prior to any potential...
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...many associated risks for first responders when responding to terrorist events. When first responders respond to a terrorist attack there are possible environmental and physical risks; however, physical risks can create environmental hazards and vice-a-versa. For instance, emergency responders may enter into an environment with “biological or chemical agents, radioactive materials, or hazardous air pollutants from collapsing buildings or destruction of buildings might be imminent” (Guide, 2002, p.29). Structural damage and deadly pipeline, sewer systems, bridges or tunnel damage may cause additional environmental or physical risks to first responders (Guide, 2002). While the first responders are involved in the disaster, they can be in danger of inhalation of hazardous materials, and building debris hazards, among other physical and emotional problems after the attack. When first responders react to a terrorist attack, there is the potential...
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