...2% 2% 44% 44% 54% 54% Figure 2.1.2 Percentage of Age among the Respondents Based on the survey conducted, 54% of the respondents come from the age of 18-20. 44% of them are in the range of 21-23 years old. Only 2% of the respondents belong to 24 and above age group. The total number of respondents in this survey is 50 respondents. 2.1.3 Do you use English in your daily life? Table 2.1.3 Percentages of Respondents Who Use English in Daily Life Usage of English in Daily Life | Number of respondents | Percentages, % | Yes | 25 | 50 | No | 25 | 50 | 50% 50% Figure 2.1.3 Percentages of Respondents Who Use English in Daily Life The chart above displays the percentages of respondents who use English in daily life. From the result that we obtained, the percentages of respondents who use English in daily life are equal to the number of those who do not use English which are 50% respectively. 2.1.4. Does your family speak English at home? Table 2.1.4 Percentages of Respondents whom their Family Speak English at Home Respondents whom their family speak English at home | Number of respondents |...
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...Are Writing Deficiencies Creating a Lost Generation of Business Writers? ZANE K. QUIBLE FRANCES GRIFFIN OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY STILLWATER, OKLAHOMA ABSTRACT. Business professionals and instructors often view writing skills as one of the most important qualifications that employees should possess. However, many business employees, including recent college graduates, have serious writing deficiencies, especially in their ability to use standard English. As a result, American businesses spend billions of dollars annually to remediate these writing deficiencies (College Board, the National Commission on Writing for America’s Families, Schools, and Colleges, 2004). In this article, the authors examine possible reasons for these deficiencies and offer evidence that a modified context-based approach, the glossing approach, and consistent error marking can reduce the number of sentence-level errors students make. Keywords: context-based approach, grammar, punctuation, rules-based approach, writing deficiencies Copyright © 2007 Heldref Publications T hat many employers in the United States are dissatisfied with their employees’ writing skills is not a surprise to individuals who frequently peruse the professional literature in nearly any academic field or discipline (Gray, Emerson, & MacKay, 2005; Wise, 2005). Although the expressions of dismay are frequent and often strong, educators have done little to rectify the situation. Costs of Employees’ Poor Writing Skills material to...
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...with grammatical structure of English language. English language became the new lingua franca it is usually used as a medium of instruction. But in order to teach the second language also known as the English language, one must know how to apply different techniques and strategies in teaching English as a foreign language. After all, there is no single best way to teach the English language but there are many ways to do. And it is the main role of the teacher to become flexible enough in applying various techniques in developing the level of competency of the learners. Moreover, grammar is the essentials of language. The means to say that in order to learn the English language, a learner must know when to use a certain tense, word form, knowing how to explain and apply the rule and the right expression. Consequently, teaching English grammar is tricky as there are just so many exceptions to rules, irregularities of word forms, and other that even if you do know your grammar rules, you are probably going o need some help hen providing explanations (http://esl.about.com). Accordingly, the study of grammar began with the ancient Greeks, who engaged in philosophical speculation about language and described language structure. This grammatical tradition was passed on to the romans, who translated the greek names for the past of speech and grammatical endings into latin; many of this terms (nominative, accusative, dative) are still found in modern grammars, but the Greeks and romans...
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...A STUDY ON THE IMPORTANCE OF GRAMMAR IN LEARNING ENGLISH In India English continues to be the medium of instructions in colleges and universities. It is also the language of the administration. English should be most useful “library language” in higher education and our most significant window on the world. English plays an important role in our national life. It was of great importance in the British India. It plays an important role in various fields. So grammar plays a vital role in the field of learning language. So working knowledge of grammar is required for a sound basis of language- ungrammatical use will create disorder, misunderstanding of ideas, and bad impression among the listener or the reader. In the words of Dr. West, “grammar is not a code of rules like etiquette and table manners, a statement of convention, it summarizes what is done by cultured people, and like etiquette, and it is a state of a constant”. NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The most important ingredient of learning English is grammar. Because, when we come to learn a new language, we need to study its grammar. Grammar is the study of words and the ways words work together. Any person who communicates using a particular language is consciously or unconsciously aware of the grammar of that language. Students usually find difficulties in learning grammar and most of them hate grammar sessions. They do not realize that it is the back bone of language. Pupils at secondary schools also have difficulties...
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...valuable or vandalism? and Negative Effects of Texting on English Grammar Economic development has seen a high level of technological development. The consequence of texting on grammar and sentence structure is a widely popular topic that many people are concerned about. In the article ‘Is texting valuable or vandalism?’, published in British Academy Journal in February 2011 by Dr. Clare Wood and ‘Negative Effects of Texting on English Grammar’, posted on The Mountain Gazette in April 2013 by John Lester, the issue of texting’ s effect on English grammar is addressed. The aim of this essay is to critically respond to the views of each author. In Wood’s article, the author maintains two main ideas about the positive development of phonological awareness and the literacy among children because of their texting use. The first opinion is that there is the relation between text abbreviation use and literacy which helps children develop their phonological awareness, reading, spelling and writing. The second one is that research does not support the popular idea that texting negatively affects literacy and grammar. Lester opposes texting’ s use with two main reasons why this brings some negative effects on English grammar. The more texting messages teens send and receive, the more short hand words they use due to their laziness is his first argument. Secondly, the author claims that English grammar is negatively influenced by using punctuation incorrectly...
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...and program description sections provide general information about the study. The next three parts, materials, instruments, and procedures of the research are described in details. 3.1. Research Design This study is carried out with a one group pre-test and post-test design. In this experimental research, the implementation of discovery-learning through IGI (independent variable) will be monitored, and acquisition about English tenses and learners’ motivation (dependent variables) will be measured. The grammar points in this research are English tenses. A pre-test and a post-test are designed to be the same. An anonymous questionnaire on motivation is delivered after the treatment instruction. 3.2. Subjects and Program Description The researcher, who is also the teacher, carries out the study in six classes in Course 28 and Course 29 at CFL in 2006. The experimental course, Level-Seven Grammar Course, is the first of three courses for Level C (low-advanced-English level). The grammar course is offered to the students for three 45-minute periods on each occasion during nine weeks. The students are randomly chosen and can be the representatives for the research. The total number of the students was 227, but the authentic number of participants for the present study was 133 because some students did not satisfy the conditions of data analysis (see part 3.4 of this...
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...Teaching of Grammar By: V. yousefi, Ave Sina Shahed High School, Hamedan I. Introduction The idea of getting learners to acquire English through tasks was developed in India by N.S.Prabhu in the 1980s. Prabhu made a strong Communicative Approach Project in Banglore, south India . He put forward many kinds of tasks, and designed the learning contents into all kinds of communicative tasks. He thinks learners may learn more effectively when their minds are focused on tasks, rather than on the language they are using. Prabhu’s Banglore Project can be regarded as a first try that tasks can be designed into a unit in classroom design (Li,2004). In recent years increasing numbers of teachers, in all subjects, have been looking for ways to change the traditional forms of instruction in which knowledge is transmitted, in a one-way process, from a dominant teacher to a class of silent, obedient, “passive” learners. They have sought ways to make the classroom more “student-centred” and have investigated the different ways in which students can play more active roles in discovering and processing knowledge. The result of the research is the outcome of task-based learning. Although task-based learning is regarded as one particular approach to implementing the broader “communicative approach” and, as with the communicative approach in general, one of the features of task-based learning that often worries teachers is that it seems to have no place for the teaching of grammar. Actually grammar is as...
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... pp. 194–214 © Centre for Language Studies National University of Singapore Effects of Using Facebook as a Medium for Discussions of English Grammar and Writing of Low-Intermediate EFL Students Thanawan Suthiwartnarueput (noiloveshome@gmail.com) Chulalongkorn University, Thailand Punchalee Wasanasomsithi (punchalee.w@chula.ac.th) Chulalongkorn University, Thailand Abstract The present study explored the effects of using Facebook as a medium for grammar and writing discussions of low-intermediate EFL students. The data were collected from the students’ utterances asking for explana-tions about English grammar and writing that were posted on Facebook, their gain scores in the pre-test and post-test, and interview responses. The findings showed a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the pre-test and the post-test (t = 6.65, p = 0.00). Most common topics of discussion involved sentence structures, followed by word meanings, parts of speech and then relative clauses. It was found that English grammar was worth promoting for discussions on Facebook because there were correlations between the gain scores in the grammar and writing parts at the significant levels (r = 0.399 in the pre-test and r = 0.859 in the post-test). The students also had positive attitudes toward using Facebook as a means of learning grammar and writing. As an alternative learning tool, Facebook provided them a convenient and attractive means to engage in discussions with the...
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...are as a human have a desire to show our emotions through words. And by the social media we can communicate with the foreign people. It is impossible to use our language to communicate in that extra-large area of community. So that we have to write in English, as a world language that can be understand by that foreign people. It will be a self-improvement especially in writing skill, because we write many of words in English and it is repeatedly day by day. And from this phenomena it says that slowly a Social Media can improve our writing skill. Based on this consideration, then I am interested on analyzing mini research “Social Media as a Tool to Improve Writing Skill” 1.2 Research Questions 1. How social media can improve writing skill? 1.3 The Objective of Research In general, this mini research is done to show people opinion about social media as a self-improvement. In specific, this mini research done to explain how social media can be a tool to improve people on their writing skill. 1.4 Methodology The methodology that used in this mini research is qualitative. Where the main data for this research collect by interview social media users. FINDING AND DISCUSSION 2.1 Social Media can Improve Writing Skill According to the data obtained with a question “Does social media improve your English especially in writing skill?” I found...
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...The Grammar of Animacy Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation The Grammar of Animacy 1. What kind of languages does Kimmerer talk about in this essay? Mainly Kimmerer talks about the native language Potawatomi, which was used by Indians in America long before they were assimilated by the colonial masters to English. She also mentions other forms of languages such as scientific language, which she honors as a second tongue to her. However, she notes that this language that is being spoken by scientists, even though may be precise, it is profound with grammar errors. Third, she mentions about English, which she mainly uses to write the essay, but points that as a language, it is primarily composed of nouns than verbs (70% nouns and 30% verbs). This, she notes, contradicts the native languages such as Potawatomi that are mainly composed of verbs. Finally, she talks about the Spanish language that just like the English one, thrived out of the assimilation process and is what most indigenous communities resorted to apart from their extinct native languages. 2. How many fluent speakers are there of Potawatomi? And what does the great-grandmother say will be lost when the language is lost? For the Potawatomi language class that was organized by Kimmerer and others of the indigenous group, only nine (9) fluent speakers of the language were found to be presently alive, globally. In her words, Kimmerer notes that the language, Potawatomi, millennia in the making was contained...
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...What is Grammar? Grammar is the system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the "rules" of a language; but in fact no language has rules*. If we use the word "rules", we suggest that somebody created the rules first and then spoke the language, like a new game. But languages did not start like that. Languages started by people making sounds which evolved into words, phrases and sentences. No commonly-spoken language is fixed. All languages change over time. What we call "grammar" is simply a reflection of a language at a particular time. Do we need to study grammar to learn a language? The short answer is "no". Very many people in the world speak their own, native language without having studied its grammar. Children start to speak before they even know the word "grammar". But if you are serious about learning a foreign language, the long answer is "yes, grammar can help you to learn a language more quickly and more efficiently." It's important to think of grammar as something that can help you, like a friend. When you understand the grammar (or system) of a language, you can understand many things yourself, without having to ask a teacher or look in a book. So think of grammar as something good, something positive, something that you can use to find your way - like a signpost or a map. * Except invented languages like Esperanto. And if Esperanto were widely spoken, its rules would soon be very different. [ (englishclub, 1997) ] Grammar is important because...
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...English Grammar in Use A self-study reference and practice book for intermediate learners of English Fourth Edition with answers Raymond Murphy CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/englishgrammarinuse Fourth Edition © Cambridge University Press 2012 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. English Grammar in Use first published 1985 Fourth edition 2012 4th printing 2013 Printed in Italy by L.E.G.O. S.p.A. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-521-18906-4 ISBN 978-0-521-18908-8 ISBN 978-0-521-18939-2 ISBN 978-0-511-96173-1 ISBN 978-1-107-64138-9 Edition with answers Edition without answers Edition with answers and CD-ROM Online access code pack Online access code pack and book with answers Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Information regarding prices, travel timetables and other factual...
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...Business Communication in English Parts I & II TMAENG17R1(E) 2015-2016 Contents 1 Introduction - 3 - 2 Programme - 4 - Programme Block 1 - 4 - Programme Block 2 - 5 - 3. Attendance ……………………………………………………………… ……………...6- 4. Literature ………………………………………………………………………………- 6- 5 Assignments Blocks 1 & 2 - 7 - Block 1: Oral Group Assignment - 7 - Block 2: Oral assignment - 9 - 6. Written Test - 10 - 7. Assessment Blocks 1 & 2 - 11 - 1 Introduction Welcome to the first English courses at TMA. In the next four years you will acquire a lot of knowledge and many skills for your future career. You will learn how to write a marketing plan and how to implement it, how to import and export products from and to Asia and how to do business with people from another culture. In this way you will lay the foundation for a career in international business. One skill you will certainly need in Asia is a good command of business English. These courses will help you acquire the specialised vocabulary that you will need. The words and expressions that you are going to learn are different from the words used in everyday English, so most of them will be new to you. Furthermore, you will develop your reading skills through reading texts in business English. In order to be able to express yourself in proper English you will also spend some time refreshing your knowledge of the English grammar. You will do all kinds of exercises, both in class...
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...Correlation of English Proficiency between Academic Performances in Selected Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management Students in Laguna State Polytechnic University Los Baños – Campus Submitted to the Faculty, College of Hospitality Management and Tourism, Laguna State Polytecnic University Los Baños Campus, Los Baños, Laguna In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Methods of Research Samantha L. Banasihan Mark L. Banasihan CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction The importance of English language for enhancing educational attainment through improved communication ability can never be over emphasized. Students who have so much difficulties with their communication skill in English language may not function effectively, not only in English language but in their academic and this is no reason than the fact that English language in Philippines today is the language of text-books and the language of instruction in schools. When English Language proficiency is high, it will definitely affect and improve the academic performance of such students. Nevertheless, where the proficiency in English is lacking in any academic setting, it will definitely lower the academic performance of such students. The competency in English significantly determines performances in intelligence or academic tests. The explanation above seem to suggest that mastery of English language is very importance even in students’ academic performances...
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...has already had on English language teaching (ELT), the focus of the main part of this paper is on some typical examples of corpus use in three language-pedagogically relevant areas: (1) using corpora for ELT (e.g. producing learner dictionaries); (2) using corpora in the ELT classroom (e.g. in data-driven learning); (3) using learner corpora. With regard to learner corpus research, for example, the paper also sketches out some prospects for future research, e.g. the compilation of local learner corpora. 1 Introduction: the corpus revolution and English language teaching There is general agreement among empirically-oriented linguists that the advent of large, computerised corpora has revolutionised the linguistic description and analysis of the English language. In modern corpus linguistics, not just any group of texts qualifies as a corpus, but it must be "a collection of texts assumed to be representative of a given language, dialect, or other subset of a language" (Francis 1982: 7). Representativeness is a key issue in corpus design because it captures the attempt to compile a database that provides a statistically viable sample of language use in general (or a relevant subsection thereof). In spite of various problems involved in putting the concept of representativeness into practice (cf. Biber 1993), it is only by assuming some sort of representativeness in corpus design that one can extrapolate from corpus findings general trends in language use (cf. Mukherjee 2004a)...
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