...Horrors Paper The power for a single person to vastly affect the world around them is a rare and special talent. Ida B. Wells took it upon herself to positively influence the world she lived in. With every possible obstacle in her way she found a way to work through them and accomplish extraordinary achievements. As an African American equal rights activist in 1892, she spoke through her pen to send a strong message of egalitarianism to the world. During the post reconstructions era racial tensions reached their peak as lynching became more prominent. Lynching is a form of brutal capital punishment, usually as result of mob violence without the benefit of due process resulting in a hanging. Ida was a monumentally dominant figure in the anti-lynching campaign, as well as committees for anti-lynching that were formed to raise awareness of lynching not only as a problem in the United States but as a national issue. After the emancipation of the slaves, the whites felt as if they lost control over what was theirs and as a result used extreme force to express their dissatisfaction. In turn, the African Americans’ situation did not improve after the emancipation due to the fact that the whites no longer had a stake in their survival and still had a fierce hatred towards their race. Massive amounts of African Americans were lynched for little to no reason at all. Ida made a valiant effort to better the world through facts, reason, and logic; the power of one unlikely person was able...
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...22/25 “Compare and contrast the ideas and positions of Booker T. Washington, Ida B. Wells-Barnett and W.E.B. DuBois. Critically evaluate the strength and weaknesses of each.” Black History 140B Professor Katungi 3-12-03 Booker Taliaferro Washington was born a slave on a plantation in Franklin Country, Virginia in 1856. One of our nations most powerful black educators; he illustrated his belief in the dignity of work. He was very skilled in politics and influential for both black and white communities. “There was no period of my life that was devoted to play.” He expressed his concept of hard work was the cornerstone of his social philosophy. Booker T. became a principle and guiding force behind Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institution in Hampton, Alabama during 1881. He felt that industrial education was a way out from the horrible sharecropping and debt. His plan also wanted to achieve self-employment, land ownership and small businesses. “Yet one has the hand in all things essential to mutual progress”, being a personal quote from Booker T. at the Atlanta Compromise address in 1895. His major role was to influence the area of race relations and black leadership. He attacked racism and secretly founder of many anti-segregationist activities. Booker T. wanted to help black Americans rise up from the economic slavery, that had held them down long after they were legally free citizens. As being a dominant figure in black public affairs from 1895 until his...
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...Essay on African American History Introduction In the essay “On the Evolution of Scholarship in Afro- American History” the eminent historian John Hope Franklin declared “Every generation has the opportunity to write its own history, and indeed it is obliged to do so.”1 The social and political revolutions of 1960s have made fulfilling such a responsibility less daunting than ever. Invaluable references, including Darlene Clark Hine, ed. Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004); Evelyn Brooks Higgingbotham, ed., Harvard Guide to African American History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001); Arvarh E. Strickland and Robert E. Weems, Jr., eds., The African American Experience: An Historiographical and Bibliographical Guide (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2001); and Randall M. Miller and John David Smith, eds., Dictionary of Afro- American Slavery (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1988), provide informative narratives along with expansive bibliographies. General texts covering major historical events with attention to chronology include John Hope Franklin and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans (Boston: McGraw Hill, 2000), considered a classic; along with Joe William Trotter, Jr., The African American 1  Experience (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001); and, Darlene Clark Hine, William C. Hine, and Stanley Harrold, The African American...
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...There are many different events in the Civil Rights Movement that led to African Americans gaining equal rights. One organization that fought for these rights was the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). W.E.B. Dubois was one of the main people in the NAACP organization to work hard to fight for African American rights. One of the most important events that gave African Americans the right to gaining equal rights was the 15th Amendment. It allowed African American males the right to vote in the US at the time. The Reconstruction Era established free labor and civil rights of freedom in the south after the end of slavery. African Americans went through a lot to break a lot of emotional, mental, and physical barriers. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a civil rights organization in the US formed in 1909 as a bi-racial organization to advance just for African Americans. The purpose of this organization was to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and...
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...Women in southern history were truly great people. They made a huge impact on traditions, laws, and people's overall perspective of women. From the time of Reconstruction to Second Wave Feminism, the women were considered to be politicians, suffragists, and some would even classify them as heroes to other women in the world. They played major roles in stopping the segregation and discrimination against African American people, helping women gain the right to vote, and helping the men of that era gain progress. The women that were determined to make a change also made an impact on other women that thought there was no chance of women gaining any rights in the United States, including African American women. After women were exposed to such...
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...State University African American History 170B MW 10:00 am—10:50am Office: 365 Arts & Letters Office Hours: MW: 11:00am—12:15am or by appointment Telephone Number: 4-5174 Email: aalkebulan@mail.sdsu.edu Instructor: Dr. Adisa A. Alkebulan The California Faculty Association is in the midst of a difficult contract dispute with management. It is possible that the faculty union will call a strike or other work stoppage this term. I will inform the class as soon as possible of any disruption to our class meeting schedule. COURSE DESCRIPTION This course is an historical survey of the African Experience in the United States from 1865 to the present. The aim is to establish an Afrocentric (culturally centered) understanding of the African Experience and also provide an historical foundation. Reading materials, videos, and an Afrocentric theoretical direction will assist students in formulating original and critical assessments of the issues surrounding the African experience. Text Books: Hine, Hine, & Harrold. African Americans: A Concise History Combined Volume. Course Packet: Blackboard • Students are required to download the Respondus software for online quizzes. GOALS & OBJECTIVES At the end of this course, you should be able to demonstrate a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the African world experience as a dynamic and unfolding process and be able to explain the following: The impact of slavery and colonization on African peoples and society;...
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...domestic tasks, but was still the property of Mr. and Mrs. Wheatleys. She had privileges that other slaves seldom had, such as a lighted and heated room. Kenny Williams’ quotes friends of the family as saying that she “dined modestly apart from the rest of the company...where she could certainly expect neither to give nor receive offense.” Her role was unclear in the family and in society in general: “She inhabited a strange, ambiguous twilight zone between black society and white society, cut off from any normal contact with either, denied the sustenance of group identity.” It is clear that Phyllis’ Christian compassion of the Wheatley family was the nurturing womb in which Phillis’ rare gifts were cultivated. She came to know the Bible well; and three English poets – Milton, Pope and Gray – touched her deeply and exerted a strong...
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...nearly 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans in Southern states still inhabited a strictly unequal world of segregation and other various forms of oppression, which included race-inspired violence towards them. “Jim Crow” laws at the local and state levels stop them from entering classrooms and bathrooms, theaters and train cars, and juries.The civil rights movement centered in the southern states of america. That was where the African American population was the most concentrated and where racial inequality in education, economic opportunity, and the political and legal processes was most prominent. Beginning in the late 19th century, state and local governments passed segregation laws, known as Jim Crow laws; they...
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...Thematic Essay Practice – Reform Movements US History/Napp Name: __________________ From the August 2004 New York States Regents/ U.S. History & Government THEMATIC ESSAY QUESTION Directions: Write a well-organized essay that includes an introduction, several paragraphs addressing the task below, and a conclusion. Theme: Reform Movements Task: Some suggestions you might wish to consider include the abolitionist movement, Populist movement, Progressive movement, women’s rights movement, civil rights movement, and the labor movement. Gathering the Facts: 1- The Abolitionist Movement • “The goal of the abolitionist movement was the immediate emancipation of all slaves and the end of racial discrimination and segregation. • Advocating for immediate emancipation distinguished abolitionists from more moderate anti-slavery advocates who argued for gradual emancipation, and from free-soil activists who sought to restrict slavery to existing areas and prevent its spread further west. • Radical abolitionism was partly fueled by the religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening, which prompted many people to advocate for emancipation on religious grounds. • Abolitionist ideas became increasingly prominent in Northern churches and politics beginning in the 1830s, which contributed to the regional animosity between North and South leading up to the...
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...fight against the oppressor or adapt and strive to continue living peacefully to the best of their abilities. This can be shown through the examples from the 19 century when African Americans were freed and struggled on whether to resist or adapt to post Reconstruction era America; in World War II between how people of the Jewish faith tried to adapt without resisting to Nazi occupation, imprisonment, and even murder; and finally today, how women in the Middle East, who are going against culture and trying to gain basic rights as human beings. It would be beneficial to begin describing the situation that African Americans faced during the 19th century. After 1877, slavery ceased to exist in the United States and former slaves had constitutional protection against oppression, yet African Americans continued to be oppressed in the South. During the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century Democrats, who at that time supported the Confederacy and slavery, started to implement a series of laws called the Jim Crow laws. The primary goal of these laws was to disenfranchise the African American voting population so that the southern states would hold their newly gained power and seats within the Congress, without allowing them to vote representatives that supported African American causes. Even with the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments to the constitution, which guarantees equal rights to blacks, the...
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...Test 1 Key Terms: * 13th Amendment: 1865, abolishes slavery. * 14th Amendment: 1868, ensures equal rights and protections to every person born or naturalized in the United States. * 15th Amendment: 1870, prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race. * Radical Republicans: Believed that the federal government should guarantee certain basic rights that would provide freed people with a measure of economic opportunity, and some went further to suggest that meaningful economic opportunity would require a program of land re-distribution from former Confederated to former slaves. * First Reconstruction Act (1867): An act that prevented the former Confederate states from entering the Union until they had ratified the 14th Amendment and written new constitutions that guaranteed black men the right to vote. It also divided the South (with the exception of Tennessee, which had ratified the 14th Amendment) into five military districts and stationed federal troops throughout the region. * Black Codes: Southern state laws passed after the Civil War to limit the rights and actions of newly liberated African Americans. * Freedmen’s Bureau: Federal agency created by Congress in March 1865 and disbanded in 1869. Its purposes were to provide relief for Southerners who had remained loyal to the Union during the Civil War, to support black elementary schools, and to oversee annual labor contracts between landowners and field hands. * Ku Klux Klan: A...
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...ideal that all men are created equal, many Americans throughout our history have not enjoyed this privilege. Several issues, such as voting rights, labor equality, and equal opportunities in education have faced minorities and women in our country. Many gains in improving equality have been made. Voting rights for all Americans, improvement in workplace discrimination, and equal opportunities in education are some examples of these gains. Various prominent citizens have worked diligently throughout our history to accomplish equality for these groups using different methods. Some of these methods have worked better than others. Boycotts, peaceful marches and courtroom battles were some of the methods that brought better results. Many equality issues have affected minorities and women in our country. The fight for the right to vote was long and difficult for both groups. Although the Fifteenth Amendment was ratified in 1870, granting all black men voting rights, (Jones et al, 2009, 373) it was not until after World War II that this right was realized. Women’s suffrage was an even longer battle. Begun in 1866, when women reformers attempted to secure this right along with African American’s right to vote, women would not gain the vote until ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (Jones et al, 2009, 476). Equality in educational opportunities was another issue that faced both minorities and women. In the beginning, African American children were not allowed to attend school...
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...African American's Journey Essay Below is a free essay on "African American's Journey" from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. “African American’s Journey to Freedom” Charity Johnson HIS204: American History since 1865 Instructor: Leslie Ruff February 11, 2013 “African American’s Journey to Freedom” To some African Americans it may seem ironic that The United States of America is known as “the land of the free” considering that majority of their ancestors entered the US as slaves. African Americans were brought to North America via the middle passage which originated during the fifteenth century. They were enslaved for approximately 400 hundred years until the end of the Civil War in 1865. Although African Americans were enslaved in America, they were determine to survive and one day be freed in this great country. During The African American’s journey to freedom several significant events took place which was inclusive of but not limited to: The Civil Rights Movement of 1865-1877, Separate but Equal Legislation (Plessy vs. Ferguson court case) in 1896, The Harlem Renaissance of 1920, Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954, The March on Washington Movement of 1963, and The Black Power Movement of the late 1960s and 1970. I will discuss the significance of these events in relation to the African American journey to freedom and how they have help shape American society today. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT OF 1865-1877 Frequently when...
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... A club filled with smoke on the Southern Side of the city of Chicago, the Macomba Lounge, on a Saturday night in the year 1950. On a dimly lit small stage behind the bar in the narrow long club, mounted a strong African American robed in baggy pants, an electric green suit and a white shirt with a striped tie. A 3-inch pompadour was sported by him with his slicked back hair. He grasped an oversize electric guitar which is an instrument founded in the urban environment of postwar, pulling, caressing, bending and pushing the strings until he produced a distressed sharp cry that crossed...
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...advocated such as taxation, slavery, women’s rights, civil rights, and anti-war sentiments define America. In order for a society to be successful, it must encourage dissent and protect the rights of its dissenters. Dissenters fought to create change and gain rights they believed were denied to them and others. Religious dissent forced European groups such as the Quakers and Puritans, who were persecuted for their beliefs, to seek life in the colonies. During the Pre-Revolutionary Age, Christianity affected all aspects of an individual’s life. Christianity was the basis of decision making in politics and society. Governments often ruled over their subjects, with the notion that they had approval from God and would therefore be granted his mercy for slaughtering innocent individuals, whether it was through crusades or witch hunts. At the time of the seventeenth century, kings and queens final decisions ruled which branch of Christianity to follow; with the constant upheaval in rulers, and exile towards Protestants during the Catholic era and Calvinists during the Church of England era, radical religious ideals began to form resulting in a revolution. During this time period, certain individuals went against what the government and church said were true of God, and formed their own opinions of what God truly wanted. These radical actions, which went against the church and government, resulted in the earliest ideas of separation of state, anti-slavery, and gender equality. Anne...
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