...this epidemic has a possible psychological trigger. Dr. Erik Erickson discusses in his theory if “identity crisis” that an individual must go through eight stages in life successful in order to understand their true identity. While all of the eight stages are important only five will be discussed for this paper. While many of us may believe that there is no reason for a teenager to get pregnant because they should just know better, Dr. Erickson’s theory gives a deep perspective into the psychological effects that can affect a child at different stages of life. This paper is also going to explore what other sources maybe responsible for the teenage pregnancy crisis being so far out of hand. Teen Pregnancy and Who Is To Blame? Statistics show that every year over 750,000 teenage girls will get pregnant. (Services, 2005) More than 2/3 of the teenage girls that get pregnant will not graduate for high school and unmarried pregnant teens account for 24% of the unwed mothers in our country today (Services, 2005) While I don’t think many of us will argue that with statistics like this, we have to figure out why this epidemic is so far out of control. To do this we have to be able to look at it from a psychological approach like Dr. Erik Erickson did in his book that he wrote about “Identity Crisis”. The chapter in his book titled, “The Eight Stages of...
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...Observation Observation Date: Wednesday, March 27, 2013 Time: 5:00-8:00PM Location: Adults Home OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS Q was a 19 year old black male. He was in the Erickson’s intimacy vs. isolation stage. Areas of observation include physical, cognitive, and social/emotional development. Physical Development Q has reached maximum body growth and biological aging or senescence has begun. Biological ageing is “genetically influenced declines in the functioning of organs and systems that are universal in all members of our species” (Berk, 2010, p. 432). Q exercises daily but he admits that he doesn’t eat a healthy diet all the time. “Regular moderate to vigorous exercise predicts a healthier longer life” (Berk, 2010, p. 443). Also, “when too much saturated fat is consumed, some of it is converted to cholesterol, which accumulates as plaque on the arterial walls in atherosclerosis” (Berk, 2010, p. 441). Q was stressing about getting into college, helping his mother with bills, and finding a job. This is psychological development, “chronic stress resulting from economic hardships is linked to hypertension, which contributes to the high incidence of heart disease in low-income groups, especially African-Americans” (Berk, 2010, p. 450). Cognitive Development Q has not entered college yet but he knows that it is something he has to do in order to get a good paying job. Study shows that “about 20 percent of recent high school graduates who do not...
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...As much as we would like to believe that with all the laws and resources invested in making a safer environment for the children to live in, these types of notifications would decrease but it’s quite the opposite; every year it increases. So, as Nurses it is very important to protect and promote the rights of children to be in safer and happier surroundings. For a child his/her family is the biggest influence in his/her life. And according to Erickson’s stages of psychological development, there are many developmental stages in life where one is presented with psychological crises where the positivity and negativity constantly battling, and how a child completes the stage to move onto the next may affect the outcome of the future. The choice he/she makes is heavily shaped by the emotional, psychological, social, and physical aspect surrounding him/her during the moment of the crises. So, it is very important for the family to maintain a positive environment, and promote stability in the family...
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...Erickson’s underlying principles of his theory were to fully understand and grasp how the human’s behavioral developments develop. And it also explains at what stage in their lives people start to assess certain feelings, virtues and challenges about their own lives. For example developing an identity for yourself, loving someone and knowing if you lived a meaningful life to be remembered for who you are and what you have done. Stage 1: Trust VS. Mistrust. As an infant comes into the world helpless and defenseless, they depend on their parents guardians or caregivers to take care of the. For the first two years of their lives its beneficial to learn that the parents/ caregivers can be trusted for their needs to be met. When a child is properly cared for the child develops a sense of trustworthiness for the world. If this stage is completed with success the child will blossom with a virtue of hope. If a child is robbed of this experience they would go through life having trust issues. For the child to overcome this they must learn that the initial person who betrayed their trust for example their parent, they must learn to slowly get to know who a person is and be treated how their parents should’ve gained their trust by always trusting a person will come back, tell truth and stay with them. Stage 2: Autonomy VS. Shame As the infant enters their toddler years they become more independent, as they enter this stage they want to make more choices that influence their lives. Such...
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...Developmental Assessment of Childhood: PRECIOUS The film Precious is an emotional movie that deals with the unfortunate realities of everyday life for some individuals. The film that stares Gabourey Sidibe who plays the main character Clarice “Precious” Jones is based out of Harlem in the year of 1987. Precious is a sixteen year-old obese and uneducated teenager whom has had to grow up in a severely dysfunctional family environment. Her mother verbally and physically abuses her, often times using her as a personal servant. Her father has been sexually abusing her since childhood, and has impregnated her twice. Precious has lived with the ugly truth that because of her weight, skin color, and sexual abuse, she does not fit in with the standards of society in the eyes of some. After the school finds out about Precious’ second pregnancy, she is suspended from school. She is then referred to an alternative school, “Each one Teach one” in hopes of changing the road in which her life is heading. Precious finds ways to deal with her painful realities through imagination and fantasy. Encouraged by her new teacher at “Each one Teach one”, precious begins learning to read and write. Towards the middle of the film, Precious begins to meet with Social Worker, Miss Weiss, who eventually becomes aware of the incest in the household when Precious accidentally tells her. Precious’ mother informs her that her father has passed away due to AIDS, and soon after Precious discovers...
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...in class we learned about Prenatal Development. The first stage is the zygote, a fertilized egg by sperm. When the zygote attaches to the wall of the uterine, it starts to become an embryo. That is the process of developing a human organism. After 9 weeks the embryo starts to look like a fetus or offspring. When the offspring is about 6 months of womb service, it can live outside the womb because all the main organs are developed enough (Myers, 2014). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or FAS is caused when a pregnant mother drinks heavily. It can be a physical or cognitive disease. In some cases a child can have things wrong with their face. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is an example of a teratogen or in other words “monster maker.” A teratogen is like a light switch for our genic codes. It’s a toxin, virus and drug that can harm your child while it’s still in the womb (Myers, 2014)....
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...pattern of abusive behavior in a relationship that is used by one partner to gain power and control over his or her partner. Domestic violence can be physical, sexual, emotional, or psychological actions or threats against another person (Domestic Violence. (n.d.). Studies show that three million children between the ages three to seventeen are at risk of exposure to domestic violence each year (Fotheringham, S., Dunbar, J., & Hensley, D. 2013). Domestic violence poses a serious threat to children’s emotional, psychological and physical well-being. Children who are raised in an abusive home may learn that violence is an effective way to resolve conflicts, which can lead children to continue the abusive legacy in their future relationships. These children also have a higher risk of psychological problems, drug or alcohol abuse, and juvenile delinquency (Nguyen, H. T., Edleson, J. L., & Kimball, E. 2012). The Impact Domestic Violence has on Children Children who are exposed to domestic violence are impacted psychologically, emotionally and experience a wide range of difficulties. They are more likely to exhibit aggressive and antisocial behavior or to be depressed and anxious (Cherry, K 2014). According to Eric Erickson’s stages of psychosocial development, children in stage one will develop a sense of trust or mistrust. Exposure to violence in the first years of life brings about helplessness and terror, which can be attributed to the lack of protection...
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...Dahmer killed altogether 17 male men mainly African American. In July 1991 Jeffrey was finally arrested and was sentenced to a total of fifteen life sentences. In 1994 Dahmer was murdered by fellow inmate Christopher Scarver. When discussing what may have driven Dahmer to behave in such a matter the following theories are examine; Weiss (1973) theory on loneliness, next was a theory on alcoholism described in Gifford (2009), and the last theory used is Erick Erickson’s identity development theory. A SERIAL KILLER CASE STUDY: JEFFREY DAHMER (1960-1994) Jeffrey Dahmer was born in the year of 1960, and was murdered by fellow inmate while incarcerated in 1994 (Jenkins, 2004). Dahmer was serving his time in jail for the manslaughter of seventeen men in America. This case study discusses some possible psychological theories to help interpret and grasp what caused Dahmer’s behaviour and actions. The theories used were Weiss (1973), on loneliness, alcoholism focusing on alcoholism as a habit rather than a disease, and Erick Erickson’s Identity...
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...develop a unique personality, but also acquire attitudes and skills that make them active, contributing members of their society that recognize the development throughout a lifespan and the impact of culture” (Berk, 2014. p. 16). Based on Erickson’s eight stages, when a child is in the early childhood stage of development, they are considered to be in the initiative versus guilt stage. Just as the term indicates, initiative is when the child begins to try new things, is able to successfully communicate with their peers, and has high levels of curiosity about new concepts and objects. When receiving support from family members and the community, children are more likely to become a major contributor to society. However, when a child is criticized or under strict control, the child may develop a sense of guilt (McLeod, 2017). This stage is critical for a child as they discover themselves and try to understand their beliefs and purpose in life. Middle Childhood Developmental Stage...
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...* Lifespan development is the field tha examine pattern of growth, change, and stability in behavior. (womb to tomb) * Major topical Areas (Physical Dev., Cognitive Dev., Personality Dev., Social Dev.) * Physical- Body and the brain. * Cognitive- Growth and behavior * Personality- Stability and change * Social- interaction and relationships grow * Cultural factors and developmental diversity * Broad factors * Orientation toward individualism or collectivism * Finer differences * Ethnicity * Race * Socioeconomic Race * Gender * Korosol increase stress * Cohort- group of people born at around the same time in the same place * Age graded influences- similar at particular age group * Sociocultural graded influences- social and cultural factors present at a particular time. * Modafin * Critical period- environmental stimuli are necessary for dev. * Sensitive Period- Certain kind of stimuli in environment. * Development is constructed thru biological, sociocultural, and individual factors working together. * Development is lifelong * Early adulthood is not the endpoint of development * No age perios dominates * Development is Multidimensional * Consist of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional dimensions * Multiple components within each dimension * Health and Well-Being * Parenting and Education ...
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...THE PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY This theory was proposed by Sigmund Freud which he believed that a child passes five major stages in which the pleasure‐seeking energies of the ‘id’ become focused on certain erogenous areas. These stages are the oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. If psychosexual stages are completed successfully, the result is a healthy behavior or personality. If certain issues are not resolved at the appropriate stage, fixation occurs. Fixation is the tendency to stay at a particular if not properly satisfied on its appropriate period. PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY This theory was proposed by Erick Erickson. His theory states that human’s lifespan undergo the Eight (8) Stages of major crises or conflict. This theory describes the impact of social experience of a person across the whole lifespan. He believed that human beings are rational creatures whose thoughts, feelings and actions are largely controlled by the ego. Individuals must first understand the realities of the social world in order to adapt successfully. The Eight Stages across the human’s lifespan are as follows: a. Basic Trust vs. Mistrust – from 0 to 1 year old or the Infancy Stage b. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt – from 1 to 3 years old or the Early Childhood Stage c. Initiative vs. Guilt – from 3 to 6 years old or the Middle Childhood Stage d. Industry vs. Inferiority – from 6 to 12 years old or the Late Childhood Stage ...
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...According to John Bowlby, Attachment is the “lasting psychological connectedness between human beings”. It essentially refers to the “nurturing bond of physical and emotional love and care formed between parents and their child in the early years of development”. ( Bowlby, 1969) Attachment involves discovering and acknowledging our strengths and vulnerabilities in a relationship as time progresses. Bowlby’s theory states that the first bonds of a child has a huge impact that will continue throughout his life as he begins to form more relationships. The first bond of a child is usually one with his mother. Parents have a great role to play in the lives of their children. They look up to their parents as a source of strength, hope, love and encouragement. However in some situations, children are left with their care givers or grandparents therefore having only limited opportunities and time to form secure and solid emotional attachments. An example of this would be OFWs or people from the province that move to Manila in order to earn a living for their families. These people sacrifice their time with their families and even fail to see their children grow up. Due to the absence of parents in a child’s growth and development, caregivers, grandparents and guardians will have to fill in a huge role to play in a child’s life. The caregiver is then given the responsibility to provide reliability to earn a sense of trust from the child. As the child becomes more attached to his care...
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...Research Paper on Chris Brown Ashley Marie Rodriguez John Jay College Criminal Justice, City University of New York Psychology of Personality Mindi Wapner, PhD, NCSP Fall 2015 The glamorous life of the music industry is no easy task to live up to. This kind of world requires dedication, talent, sacrifice, passion, and a plethora of other qualities one must have to arise to true stardom. Talent and good looks will only get oh so far in this industry, but what it really takes is, a whole lot originality and a sprinkle of “pizazz” to allow you to succeed beyond your wildest dreams. This is no easy job for the average Joe Schmo, who thinks that just having talent may be enough, there has to be that “it factor” that makes you stand above the rest. Many of the major/mainstream music labels in this day and age are looking for their next big hit that will make them millions of dollars in revenue for their brand. When you are an artist signed to a major label you become a brand ambassador for that label, as well as yourself. You must be willing to do what it takes to make your music, as well as your products sell, sell, and sell. But always keep in mind, when you are a well-known artist who lives in the spotlight and is releasing music on a constant basis, your life becomes super public, where you have people all over the world watching and judging everything you do. Now this next artist who I will be introducing in...
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...always occurring in the development of an individual's life, from the day an individual is conceived to the day that the individual passes away. This essay will describe the physical and cognitive changes in the field of psychology that is called "Lifespan Development." This essay will also describe some of the theories involved in the field and how heredity and environment shape an individual. Each and every person goes through several stages, starting with infancy, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age, older age and then eventually death. The infancy stage, is the birth to two years old and is crucial stage for the development of relationships with others. The infant is totally dependent on an adult and learns that the world surrounding them is a safe place; this is the stage when bonding occurs. The childhood stage is two through ten years old. There are numerous changes in this stage; the child becomes less dependent on the adults in their life and gains more self-control of their physical and cognitive abilities. From the age of ten to twenty years old the individual is in adolescence, the adolescent is developing their identity and the thought process is more complex and logical. The early adulthood stage is from the age of twenty to forty years of age. In this stage the person is gaining financial independence, working in a career, and thinking of selecting a life partner. The next stage in the human lifespan is middle age, this stage is from the age of forty...
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...Knowledge of nursing care and competency of caring for elderly become more important as the result of increasing population of old age people in the past decade and expecting in ongoing increasing in the next twenty years. There are many theories of aging that describe and explain aging process and how the individuals respond to changes that occur with aging. By understanding a normal process of aging, the quality of nursing care for this population may be enhanced. The purpose of this paper is to present and explore some of the theories of aging and apply the theory into nursing practice that cooperated with evidence base research studies to implement the plan of care for an older adult. Two main theories of aging: Biological theories and Psychological theories are the focused theories that being discussed in this paper. According to many current resources the aging population in the U.S. is now rapidly growing. There were 4% of people age 65 and older or about 3 million people in 1900 (McGuire & Mefford, 2007). This old age population increased to 36.8 million people in 2005 with the increase of 3.2 million or 9.4% from 1995 (Mauk, 2010). As of today a newborn child is expected to live at least 77 years old, many of children these days will live up to 90 years or longer; some may live to become centenarians (McGuire & Mefford, 2007). The old age population age 65 and older is expected to increase by 15% in 2010 and 36% in 2020 (Mauk, 2010). Consequently...
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