...Comprehensive Analysis Case Study Cheryl M. Todd PSY7220 Capella University Abstract This comprehensive case analysis will follow Gwen Cohen-Green through the following three stages of development: early childhood, middle childhood, and early adolescence. Within each of the three stages I will identify Gwen’s social and emotional development, theories pertaining to her development, validation, and predominate factors. A complete analysis and synthesis will support the findings, and recommendations will be given to support her. Table of Contents Introduction Case Study: Early Childhood Case Study: Middle Childhood Cased Study: Early Adolescence Analysis and Synthesis Recommendations Conclusion References 1 1-5 5-10 10-15 15-16 16-17 17 18-20 Comprehensive Analysis Case Study Introduction This study will identify the child I have chosen for my case study project and follow her through each of the following stages: early childhood, middle childhood and early adolescence. Secondly, the study will include an analysis and synthesis of developmental domains and of environmental and influential factors and finally, the study will make recommendations for optimal development. Early Childhood: Case Study Gwen Cohen-Green is an only child that lives with both her mom and dad in a suburban setting. Mom and dad both work long hours with mom being the primary parent to attend conferences as well as being the disciplinarian. Gwen’s parents are...
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...Background: Born in Frankfurt, Erik Erikson's lifelong interest in the psychology of identity may be traced to his birth. He was born on June 15, 1902. The circumstances of his birth were concealed from him in his childhood. His Danish-born mother, Karla Abrahamsen, came from a prominent Jewish family in Copenhagen. At the time of her son's birth in Germany, Karla Abrahamsen had not seen her husband, Jewish stockbroker Waldemar Isidor Salomonsen, for several months. Nonetheless, the boy was registered as Erik Salomonsen .There is no more information about his biological father, except that he was a Dane and his given name probably was Erik Erikson was a student and teacher of arts. While teaching at a private school in Vienna, he became acquainted with Anna Freud, the daughter of Sigmund Freud. Erikson underwent psychoanalysis, and the experience made him decide to become an analyst himself. He was trained in psychoanalysis at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute and also studied the Montessori method of education, which focused on child development and sexual stages. Theories of development and the ego Erikson is credited with being one of the originators of Ego psychology, which stressed the role of the ego as being more than a servant of the id. According to Erikson, the environment in which a child lived was crucial to providing growth, adjustment, a source of self-awareness and identity. One of the main elements of Erikson's psychosocial stage theory is the development...
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...Erik Erikson Author’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Institutional Affiliation: Course Details: Date of Submission: Erik Erikson Introduction Erik Erikson was a rare psychologist who created an eight-step model outlining the different steps in development psychology in the growth of an ordinary human being from birth to old age. His specific insights concerning human mental processes would affect the way people reacted to children and foment a deep interest in studies in human psychology. Though other psychologists have improved on Erikson’s initial findings, original findings retain a lot of significance. There is need to research and study Erikson’s work with particular interest in his explanation of the ‘adolescent stage’ Erikson’s Contribution Freud’s views about the nature and construction of the human personality significantly influenced Erik Erikson’s understanding of humanity. There was a considerable difference between the two men: whereas Erikson was an ego psychologist, Freud was an ID psychologist. Erikson stressed on the functions of society and culture and the divergences that can occur within the ego itself while Freud highlighted the conflict between the superego and ID. At all psychosexual phases, Erikson observed that the person grows in three levels concurrently: social, biological, and psychological, which represent the person, his or her connection to society, and individualism. His work was a lifetime representation of human development...
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...Especially relevant to this research is the timing orole transitions. Ashford (2006) illustrates that , “the timing of the event in relation to a person's chronological age can have significant implications for the consequence of the event” (p. 35). The Outcome of events occurring earlier than ‘normal’ are usually negative as a the teenage father has not completed the developmental tasks of his life stage, and this may leave them unprepared to deal with challenges faced with a transitional event (Ashford et al,2006). This Study will evaluate those outcome for young fathers.Developmental stages are influenced by cultural expectations, and as previously described, the teen years and early 20’s are considered adolescence which in African Culture is categorized by freedom, identify formation, and experimentation (Nkosi,2006). Fatherhood is not expected until a later developmental stage of adulthood, when a person has achieved stability through a long-term relationship and career. Thus, this study starts with the assumption that the arrival of a child before a man has reached the appropriate developmental stage will cause stress and difficulty related to role...
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...I enjoyed the transformation that Cady went through in order to achieve her identity and sense of morality. The bigger picture behind the clichéd dialogue is not only satirical, but it exceedingly encapsulates the true essence of the social-clique dynamics during adolescence. This movie relates to developmental psychology because the main character endures an identity crisis, deals with peer pressure, experiences abstract thought, and gains a sense of morality, all of which coincide with the developmental topics that are covered in class (Lorne, Shimkin, & Waters, 2004). The main character matures according to psychological several theories that we discuss. These theories include Erikson’s theory, Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, and Kohlberg’s moral development theory (Berk, 2014). As Cady progresses within the film, it is easy to see the role that peers and society in general has on the developmental process of an adolescent (Lorne, Shimkin, & Waters, 2004). One of the main debates in developmental psychology – nature versus nurture - is also touched on within the film. Cady is constantly being shaped by her environment and the context in which she grows up in, thus suggesting that the nurture side...
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...FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT’S LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT Reflection “Adolescence is the conjugator of childhood and adulthood” according to Louise J. Kaplan. Adolescence is a period of transition in terms of physical, cognitive and socio-emotional changes. The aspect of individuality in adolescent development is very unique to each individual, but there are some issues which they may have a similarities. There is some changes on how they will interact to the other people which it can affect to their learning and development. There are some factors that influence the learning and development of the high school learners. Family, school, peers, technology or media, and internal factor are some of these. The relationship between the family members is a major factor that influences adolescent’s learning and development. If an adolescent belongs to a family which they usually have conflicts and has poor communication skills, it will have a negative effect on his behavior. He may not be able to focus on his studies; it is hard for him to acquire knowledge when he is depressed because of family problems. Therefore it is very important to have a good relationship between the family members and has an effective parenting which parents nurture, encourage and support (clear and consistent discipline) their children to prevent these negative effects. One of the factors that influence high school students is peers or a group of people having the same age. Peers are said...
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...and mental issues. The females of First Step Psychiatric Residential Treatment Facility are categorized as clinically obese and 2 out of the 15 observed have asthma. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Bipolar, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety, psychosis, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) are just some of the diagnoses these young ladies are plagued by, with some of them having multiple diagnoses. The female adolescents are currently a part of a 24-hour psychiatric residential treatment program where they can be housed from a minimum of three months up to a maximum of two years. Summary of “Normal” Development Generally, puberty serves as a marker for the beginning of adolescence. In female adolescents the breasts make an appearance or become larger and pubic and underarm hair become visible. The average female adolescent will have a growth spurt at about nine years old and peak at 11 ½ years old, their hips widen, and they have their first menstruation (Santrock, 2015, p. 342). Hormones also began to play a role in both physical and psychological development with the rate of estradiol increasing 18 fold and the testosterone increasing two-fold in female adolescents, contributing to the skeletal, breast, and uterine development (Santrock, 2015, p. 343). Jean Piaget’s fourth stage, the formal operational stage, can be used...
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...problems (Miers, Abbott, & Springer, 2012, p.119) The American Associate for Suicidology found that family and friends of a person who commits suicide often experience an emotional turmoil of disbelief, remorse and depression (CDC, 2013). Suicide has a huge effect on the community as well resulting in 34.6 billion dollars in medical and work loss costs (CDC, 2014). Thus, suicide affects everyone and continues to be a significant health problem. In addition, suicide is a huge health problem for adolescence in particular. Adolescence is operationally defined as males and females 15- 19 years of age (Holliday, 2012, p.6).. This paper will focus on this age group since it is the third leading cause of death for this age group (CDC, 2014). According to Erik Erikson’s Development Theory, early and late adolescents are in the identity versus role confusion stage. According to this theory, adolescents who attempt suicide are developmentally trapped and have a difficulty making the transition into the next stage of intimacy versus isolation (Holliday, 2012, p.11). Likewise, Karl Menninger and Sigmund Freud were theorists that added to the early understanding of suicide. These theorists believed that humans have an inner wish to die, a death instinct, and through suicide and suicidal behavior this instinct becomes evident (Holliday, 2012, p. 9). Furthermore, Aaron Beck, is another theorist that contributed to early understanding of suicide through cognitive therapy. Beck et al., 1985...
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...Psychological Theory of Development: Erik Erikson 1. Erik Erikson was the first psychologist to do what? Ans1. Erik Erikson was the first psychologist to describe predictable stages of human development from childhood through adulthood. In his Theory of Psychosocial Development, he depicted a series of eight stages in which an individual's identity emerges and matures. 2. How many stages are in Erikson's theory? Ans2. In Erik Erikson's theory of Psychosocial Development, he depicted a series of 8 stages in which an individual's identity emerges and matures. 3. Why are Erikson's psychosocial stages referred to as a "crisis"? Ans3. Erikson's psychosocial stages are referred to as a "crisis" because each stage presents a dilemma/crisis, in which the person is challenged to develop by new situation and circumstances in life. The individual needs to resolve the crisis. • When individuals resolve a crisis they developan ability which will help them with the challenge in the next stage. 4. What generally happens in each psychosocial stage? Ans4. Each stage presents a dilemma in which a person is challenged by new situations and circumstances in life. People are pushed through the stages by their biological clock and by the social clock of the society in which they live. The progress of the psychological clock influences the development of an identity. By resolving each dilemma successfully, the individual acquires basic strength needed to meet the challenges for the next stage...
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...In early middle age, she has to develop a sense of personal creativity that extends beyond her own self. This includes a concern for others, for her work, for the community in which she is part. And towards the end of her life, there is a final crisis during which each person has to come to terms with his or her own life and accept it for what it was, with a sense of integrity, rather than despair. The term adolescence is derived from the Latin for “growing up.” It is a period of transition in which the individual changes from a child to an adult. Biological maturing ultimately leads to social and economic changes: from dependence on one’s family to ever increasing independence. And of course there are the numerous psychological changes that accompany the process of growing up. These include the progressive maturing of sexual attitudes and behavior that will ultimately allow the adolescent to start his or her own family, and the acquisition of various skills that will eventually enable him or her to become a fully functioning member of adult society. In effect, adolescence is simply a protracted version of what in birds is a rather abrupt procedure, when the fledglings are forced to fly out of the nest and make their own way. Compared to other animals, humans attain sexual maturity rather late in their development. This is just another fact of an important difference between us and our animal cousins, a lengthened period of immaturity and dependence that provides more...
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...are subsequently influenced by their environmental interactions with particular focus on the home and school environment, and the conceivable atypical condition of anxiety. The developmental period of adolescence finds children undergoing pivotal biological, social and cognitive changes that transform their bodies and minds from childhood to adulthood (Sigelman and Rider, 2012). This period is characterised by adolescents endeavouring to become independent, self-aware and apart of the adult world. As a result adolescents find themselves engaging in various social relationships, and their role in society dramatically...
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...period. Human life begins with the birth; it goes through infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Development occurs in different perspectives of life. Some common developments are physical, psychological, cognitive and social-cultural. There are several theories by different theorist which define the human development and its stages, when human being comes up with different characteristics. To discuss on the essay whether or not ‘early life experiences and social development impact on adults and to explain ‘to what extent culture impacts on development OR a particular aspect of development’ three different theories by Erik Erikson (1902-1994), Robert Havighurst (1900-1991) and Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) are going to be highlighted. Question 1 As concerned to the first question, early life experiences and social development certainly impact on adults. Erikson’s psychosocial theory describes the development throughout the human life. He has categorized his theory in eight stages and they are infancy, early childhood, late childhood, school age, adolescence, young adulthood, adulthood and maturity. Each stage deals with different central tasks which are related to both positive and negative aspects of life. On the other side, Havighurst says development occurs through the learning. He has divided his theory into six stages and they are infancy and early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age and later maturity. Each stage relates to six...
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...Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated by Erik Erikson, is a psychoanalytic theory which identifies eight stages through which a healthily developing human should pass from infancy to late adulthood. In each stage, the person confronts, and hopefully masters, new challenges. Each stage builds upon the successful completion of earlier stages. The challenges of stages not successfully completed may be expected to reappear as problems in the future. However, mastery of a stage is not required to advance to the next stage. Erikson's stage theory characterizes an individual advancing through the eight life stages as a function of negotiating his or her biological forces and sociocultural forces. Each stage is characterized by a psychosocial crisis of these two conflicting forces (as shown in the table below). If an individual does indeed successfully reconcile these forces (favoring the first mentioned attribute in the crisis), he or she emerges from the stage with the corresponding virtue. For example, if an infant enters into the toddler stage (autonomy vs. shame and doubt) with more trust than mistrust, he or she carries the virtue of hope into the remaining life stages.[1] Hopes: trust vs. mistrust (oral-sensory, birth – 2 years)[edit] * Existential Question: Can I Trust the World? The first stage of Erik Erikson's theory centers around the infant's basic needs being met by the parents and this interaction leading to trust or mistrust. Trust as...
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...Developmental Profile (Typical) Introduction Human development is the process of growth from a one-celled zygote through to a mature adult human being. Development occurs in the physical, cognitive and psychosocial realms and can be influenced by heredity, environment and maturation (Papalia et al., 2009). During childhood, typical physical development involves the acquisition of the fine and gross motor skills including coordination, control, movement and manipulation. Typical physical development during adolescence involves pubescent changes as the body develops and matures sexually. During young adulthood, physical development involves one’s organs and systems operating at peak efficiency. As an individual moves through to late adulthood, these systems slowly deteriorate along with overall health, stamina and strength. In terms of cognition, thinking and problem solving skills, conceptual understandings, information processing ability and overall intelligence develop throughout an individual’s lifespan. With respect to psychosocial, this includes how a person’s mind, emotions, and maturity levels evolve. In terms of this assignment, the purpose is to present a profile of a typical thirty-two year old male and to analyse his development through theoretical perspectives. My individual is named Andrew; he is single but dates regularly, Caucasian from North America, is university educated and works as an accountant for a bank. Andrew grew up in the suburbs...
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...and reliable sense of who we are and what we are to our society, our group community (as cited in Phoenix, 2007, p.53). He developed the sense core identity where an individual would base all his identity building up from our past towards the future. Erikson believed an individual would take their identity for granted if life was good but to the minimal problem this identity would be questioned (e.g. illness or impairment). For Erikson it was normal to be in conflict during teen years with our identity (identity crisis). Identity was in constant change hence the conflicts with selves, to what he called ‘normative crisis’ (as cited in Phoenix, 2007, p.53). Erikson developed 8 stages of identity development. Stage 5, adolescence, where adolescents had...
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