...Blood pressure is: the force of the blood exerted against the walls of arteries. A decrease in blood volume will cause a decrease in blood pressure. There are specialized receptors in the body that are able to detect whether blood pressure is going up or down and these are called baroreceptors. Baroreceptors are found in 3 different places; the carotid arteries, aortic arch and the kidneys. The baroreceptors in the carotid arteries watch the blood pressure in the head, the aortic arch baroreceptors measures pressure in the peripheral body and the baroreceptors in the kidneys monitor abdomen and pelvic pressure. If the blood pressure drops, the baroreceptors will send a signal to the cardiac center in the medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata then stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and the SNS will then release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Heart Rate: When epinephrine (epi) and norepinephrine (norepi) bind to the beta receptors on the SA (Sinoartial) node of the heart, the K+ funny leak gates in the autorhythmic cells will close more times per minute. When the K+ funny leak gates close more times per minute, more K+ will accumulate faster in the cell causing faster depolarization. As action potentials travel through the gap junctions of the myocardial cells, repelling K+ down the membrane. The K+ being repelled down the membrane will accumulate in the transverse tubules, raising the membrane potential from -60mV to -50mV, causing the sarcoplasmic reticulum...
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...What causes high blood pressure during pregnancy? causes Icon According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), there are several possible causes of high blood pressure during pregnancy. These included: being overweight or obese failing to remain active smoking To drink alcohol first time to pregnancy a family history of kidney disease, preeclampsia, chronic hypertension or carrying more than one child age (over 40) assistive technology (such as IVF) unhealthy lifestyle choices can lead to high blood pressure during pregnancy. Being overweight or obese, or failing to remain active, are the main risk factors for high blood pressure. Women who experience early pregnancy are also more likely to have high blood pressure. Fortunately,...
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...to our blood pressure levels. While this probably doesn’t seem like such a big deal at first glance, undetected high blood pressure can have disastrous results. Many who suffer from high blood pressure visit their doctor on a weekly, bi-weekly, or monthly basis to have their blood pressure taken and ensure everything is running smoothly. While consulting a medical professional is certainly the number one way to stay on top of things, it is advisable to purchase a home blood pressure monitor so you can keep track of your BP every day. Of course, finding the right blood pressure monitor for you might be a little...
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...alcohol on the couple’s blood pressure? 3. What could the body have done to reverse the decreasing blood pressure, if it had been possible? 4. Identify several procedures that might have helped save the couple if they had been found unconscious but still above water and alive. Essay Put yourself in the role of Detective Garrison. You must now write a report explaining what Renee might have said with regard to the above questions. You should use all of your knowledge about blood pressure and the information from this case to explain each of the following aspects of blood pressure and discuss their relation to the above questions. Describe the role of the nervous system, adrenal glands, kidneys and pituitary as appropriate to the relation of each of the seven factors listed below: 1. Peripheral resistance 2. Heart rate 3. Venous return 4. Stroke volume 5. Cardiac output 6. End systolic and diastolic2. What were the specifi c eff ects of the Lasix, hot water, and alcohol on the couple’s blood pressure? 3. What could the body have done to reverse the decreasing blood pressure, if it had been possible? 4. Identify several procedures that might have helped save the couple if they had been found unconscious but still above water and alive. Essay Put yourself in the role of Detective Garrison. You must now write a report explaining what Renee might have said with regard to the above questions. You should use all of your knowledge about blood pressure and the information...
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...have a lot of major health problems. The one health problem that most of my family members suffer from is High Blood Pressure. “Blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps blood throughout the body. Many factors affect blood pressure, causing it to change from day to day and throughout the day. We are unable to control some of the factors that increase the risk of developing high blood pressure like being African American, over the age of 35, family history of high blood pressure, or having diabetes, gout or kidney disease, but the good news is that there are some that we can change”!(mckinley.illinois.edu/handouts/blood_pressure_factors.html). In order to maintain a good blood pressure I should have an exercise plan that involves my cardiovascular, I need to exercise at least 2.5 hours a week. These exercises include cycling, walking, and swimming. Also I may want to talk with my doctor to make sure my body is healthy before I start my exercise program. Nutrition is very important in helping to control my blood pressure and helping with not getting this because I have a family history. The way I need to do this is eating well balanced meals. Here is a way to do this. “The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan is recommended if your blood pressure is high or if you are at risk for high blood pressure. DASH is a combination diet that is low in fat and rich in fruits and vegetables. It is low in cholesterol and...
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...Like diabetes, hypertension millions of people don’t know that they have it. In this essay I will discuss the cause, symptoms, complication and treatment in which hypertension and diabetes are alike and how they differ. I will start by saying hypertension and diabetes can be compared and contrasted according to their causes. There are two types of hypertension: primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension is high blood pressure for which no cause can be found, but secondary hypertension has definite causes (Segen, 1992). The heart pumps blood through the body’s arteries to all parts of the body. At the time when the blood vessel become narrow, the flow of blood trough them will be harder, so the blood will exert the wall vessels and increase the pressure in them. Diabetes is similarly is that it also has two types. Type 1 diabetes is one type that occurs because of the failure of making the hormone called insulin by the pancreas. The other type is type 2 diabetes that is due to failure of using insulin by the body; in other words, diabetes occurs when the body cannot produce or use insulin. There are environmental and genetic factors that play a role in causing hypertension and diabetes. First, environmental factors are obesity, smoking, and lack of exercise. All of these factors affect the body and its function and lead to elevation of the blood pressure and affect the production of hormones. When you become obese, you will have more fat...
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...Instructions: Answer the questions from the three parts of the unit project below. Do not write the essay in Part III, but rather briefly use the terms and concepts (that we discussed in class) listed under “Essay” in your answers to any questions where it is relevant (especially Part III). “The Hot Tub Mystery” by Herbert House Page 1 Part I—The Discovery Cast of Characters • Sam Garrison—Detective • Roma and Clint Underhill—The hot couple • Kavita Dickson and Larry Gonzales—EMT paramedics • Renee Volenbach—Physiologist in the Biology Department at Noletown University Friday, 7PM Roma and Clint Underhill had both had a long day. They were the owners of a successful real estate company in Desert Palm. Each had several clients, and the strain of the current real estate market was getting to them. It had been an unusually cool day for January, with temperatures hovering around 60 degrees. On coming home they decided to relax in their hot tub with some wine. While Roma changed from her work clothes, Clint said that he would join her in the hot tub after he took his Lasix. Saturday, 8AM “911… Please state your emergency.” “Oh, Oh, I… I… ” “Ma’am, please calm down and tell me the address.” “I think…, yes, OK, it’s… it’s 2560 Oak Creek Drive.” “What is the problem, please?” “I’m the maid for Mr. and Mrs. Underhill and… and I didn’t find them in the house when I came in this morning, so I looked around outside. I just found them in their hot tub out back. They...
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...Explain the three mechanisms for transporting carbon dioxide in the blood. How is most of the CO2 in blood transported? How much do the other mechanisms account for? 2. Background: Elephantiasis is caused by a filarial nematode that infects the lymphatic vessels after an individual is bitten by an infected fly. As you clear the parasite infection, a large amount of debris is left in the lymphatics which leads to a burst of bacterial growth inundating the lymph nodes. In advanced cases complete blockage of the flow of lymph from an appendage by the bacterial overgrowth. Over time the infected patient’s limb distorts to incredible size as it accumulates interstitial fluid that does get returned to the blood. Pressure in the tissues surrounding the vessels in the limb leads to reduced blood flow and opportunistic bacterial infections of the epidermis increase.. The infections leave grey or tan rough patches of scar tissue covering the appendage that now resembles an elephant’s limb - hence the name of the disease. Your essay prompt: Where did all the fluid come from in the first place?? Explain the forces within and around a capillary that are responsible for the edema characterizing elephantiasis. You should start by explaining the role of the lymphatic system as it pertains to the osmotic balance of the blood, then define net filtration pressure and how it can be interpreted, and describe the different relationships between filtration and reabsorption along a capillary...
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...Persuasive Essay Because many African American men don’t go to the doctors regularly they unintentially put them selves at risk for developing lupus a chronic, autoimmune disease that can damage any part of the body. According to the Lupus Foundation of America one in 2,000 people in the United States has Lupus. But regularly check ups can help detect early stages of the disease, which in turn can help patients avoid the need for Dialysis or a Kidney transplant. As African American women whose brother has recently battled with lupus, I understand how debilitating and frightening this disease can be. I also understand how, in many cases, such suffering may be needless. Indeed, had my brother gone to the doctor’s and been proactive in his healthcare, his Lupus could have been averted. I argue all of my readers, especially African American men, to do what they can to protect their health, including receiving regular physical exams and adopting health maintenance habits. Around June 2009, my brother Justin 29 began to get ill. Most days he was fatigued and had some slight swelling in his feet. Expecting that the swelling was only temporary, he didn’t go to the doctor. However as the symptoms worsened and swelling continued moving from his feet to his knees he finally went to the doctor. “I thought I was having an allergic reaction to something I ate and would be better in a couple of days” he remembers. Months and months went by; doctor’s visits increased and the...
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...Essay on Erythropoietin Section B examples: 1. Write an essay on erythropoiesis. Answer points: description or summary of the stages of RBC formation in bone marrow; possible consequences of the appearance of immature forms in the blood. Describe regulation by EPO. Outline of what EPO is, its induction by hypoxia, EPO receptors and responses generated. Clinical uses for EPO (recombinant EPO), doping. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a highly glycosylated hormone produced predominantly in the kidneys; 90 % of its production occurs here. EPO stimulates the quick production of red blood cells (RBC). EPO has a mass of 38kDa and is produced on demand as it is not stored anywhere in the body. Production of EPO is depended on the oxygen levels in the body. Production of EPO is initiated by low oxygen levels because of which it is said to be hypoxia dependent. This EPO and hypoxia link is proven by an altitude-oxygen partial pressure graph. As the altitude increases, the partial pressure of oxygen in the air decreases. This causes an increase in EPO production to raise the RBC levels in the blood. RBC formation happens through a process known as erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, more precisely the red bone marrow. On a daily basis this process produces around x1012 number of RBC. Over time the red marrow turns into a yellow marrow. Yellow marrow has a significantly lower rate of erythropoiesis occurring within it, therefore RBC production reduced in the later stages of life...
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...Pathology Assignment 1 – Essay. Candidate No 690814 Describe the four signs of inflammation and explain how each develops. What benefit is derived from the development of each sign? Introduction To quote Tortora and Derrickson (2009), “Inflammation is a non-specific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage”. The most common causes of tissue damage are physical and chemical trauma, and infections. And, the classical four external signs of inflammation are described as: redness (erythema or rubor); swelling (oedema); heat (calor); and, pain (dolor). Inflammation is an essential part of the healing process and this essay will describe the inflammation response and development of the signs of inflammation. The process has been divided...
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...This essay will focus on dehydration, and water in the body how it is function. The reason water essential to health maintenance and what water can do to the body if not enough is obtained. This essay will mention how the body level based on hydration has on alcohol and caffeine. Sodium, potassium, and chloride compare and contrast how these different electrolytes function in the body. I will also explain the steps to take to ensure people not become dehydrated. Dehydration means excessive loss of water resulting in depletion of body fluids (Grosvenor & Smolin (2006). Dehydration is that you lose more fluid than you take in which occurs because there is not enough water and other fluids in the body to function normal. Dehydration can be prevented by drinking about eight- nine glasses of water a day. Water is essential to health maintenance is that over half of your body weight is water. Every cell in our body carries out the presence of the universal solvent. A person sweat during exercise water with waste is flushed out of your body. Water is needed to prevent dehydration this helps to maintain proper metabolism in our body. All the body tissues varying proportions of water is found in 60% of body weight in adults is water, in a child the water percentage is the highest. The functions of water in the body are for digesting food. Water also helps to cushion our joints and prevents shocks in them. A person will know when he or she have enough water when he or she urine will...
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...Reflective essay: Intro: Vital signs are a fundamental component of nursing care and indicate the body’s ability to maintain blood flow, regulate temperature and regulate oxygenate the body tissue. Taking vital signs are essential in revealing any sudden changes in the body, which could potentially indicate clinical deterioration of the patient. As a first year student I was assigned to take a patients vital sighs while my peer videoed it. Throughout the video blood pressure, pulse, respirations, and temperature was recorded to check if everything was in normal range, while ensuring a comfortable environment, and communicating with the patient to build trust and confidence in my ability to make an accurate assessment and judgement on the results of her vital signs results. Para 1: hand wash Prior to taking the vital signs, I demonstrated and explained how to theorectically wash your hand and dry them, this was a social hand wash lasting between 15 – 30 seconds (Tollefson, 2010). A social hand wash- The removal of any jewellery is essential before undertaking Hand hygiene and wash and must occur * before and after shifts, * between patients, and when * dealing with any bodily fluids. The social hand wash ensures the prevention of cross contamination between both patients/ staff and the increase of bacteria dispersing from one patient to another. Para 2: blood pressure I made sure that the environment was comfortable for the patient. Providing a...
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...Essay Assignment – Unit 3 cont’d Urinary System A. Describe the structure of a kidney nephron and its associated blood vessels. * There are two parts of a kidney nephron; the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The renal corpuscle is the part of the kidney where the blood plasma is filtered and the renal tubule is the part of the nephron where the glomerular filtrate passes through after reaching the Bowman’s capsule. The renal corpuscle is made of the Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus. In the glomerulus, there are capillaries located between the afferent arteriole and bring blood into the glomerulus and the efferent arteriole, which drains the blood away from the glomerulus. (IvyRose Holistic) There are cells that form the outer edges of the glomerulus and they form close attachments to cells of the inner surface of the glomerulus and these cells stick together and form a filtration membrane that would enable water and solutes to pass through the 1st wall of the Bowman’s capsule. * In the renal tubule, the first part of it is the Proximal Convoluted Tubule [PCT]. Solutes and water that have passed through the PCT would enter the Loop of Henlé and the water and the substances in it passes from the renal cortex and then into the renal medulla and then back to the cortex. The water and the substances dissolved in it returned to the renal cortex via the ascending limb of Henlé and then it passes through the Distal Convoluted Tubule [DCT]. The DCT converges onto...
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...BIOL 301 Human Health and Disease Final Exam Answers Follow Below Link to Download Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/biol-301-human-health-and-disease-final-exam-answers/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com PLEASE follow the directions. Submit your answers (as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf) by using the table on the last page (e.g., 1.A, 2.B, 3.C, etc.) and returning only the TABLE by way of your Assignment Folder. Following the TABLE should be your ESSAY Question answers. 50 Multiple Choice Questions at 4 points each. 10 Essay Questions. Choose 2 to answer at 20 points each. 50 Multiple Choice Questions at 4 points each. 1. Dr. Sue Mi is interested in diseases of the retina. The field of study best suited to her interests is 2. physiology B. anatomy C. pathology D. bowling 2. There are numerous levels of organization in the body. The correct order from simplest to most complex is 3. organ, tissue, cell, organism, system B. cell, tissue, organ, system, organism 4. system, cell, organ, organism, tissue D. cell, system, tissue, organ, organism 3. The atomic number of sodium is 11. The sodium ion has a single positive charge (Na+). How many electrons does the sodium ion have? 4. 10 B. 11 5. 12 D. More information is required to answer this question...
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