...What are the differences between sleep apnea and Insomnia? How do we treat us the two? How has the FDA halted the treatment of sleep apnea? Researchers have long wanted to know the answers to these questions and they have them. There are key differences between Insomnia and Sleep apnea. Along with appropriate pharmacologic treatments, Doctors have discovered plenty of ways to help with the disorders. The research is there and can teach one all about it if they so choose to find it. The research available has been very helpful in writing many essays on the topic of both disorders and many have found them very helpful in writing their own essays. First of all what is Sleep Apnea? Obstructive sleep apnea affects up to four percent of middle aged adults the common complaints that come with are snoring, daytime sleepiness and disrupted sleep {Victor LD, Am Fam Physician, 1999, Nov 15;60(8):2279-86. National Stroke Foundation, 2005, www.stroke.org.} Apnea is the Greek word for without breath. Sleep apnea causes you to stop breathing for at least 10 seconds while you are sleeping, many times throughout the night. Sleep apnea however does not cause many problems with you breathing throughout the day. The risk factors for sleep apnea are age usually between 40 and 60 is the highest risk. Ethnicity with African-American, Pacific Islanders and Hispanic being the highest risk. Smoking drinking and some medical conditions such as diabetes also put you at a higher risk {Victor...
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...Essay Assignment Describe the following sleep disorders and include the causes, symptoms, consequences and possible treatments for: Narcolepsy, Insomnia, Sleep Apnea, Nightmares, and Night Terrors. Narcolepsy is a disorder of losing the brain’s ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles. Narcolepsy results to excessive daytime sleepiness. Main cause of narcolepsy is unknown but many cases are thought to be caused by lack of brain chemical “Orexin”, which regulates sleep. Some studies show that narcolepsy might be genetic as well. Symptoms of narcolepsy are often referred to the “Tetrad of Narcolepsy”, which are cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnogogic hallucinations. No treatment has been proven yet, but taking oral CNS stimulants such as Amphetamine and Methylphenidate can help with the excessive daytime sleepiness. Insomnia is a disorder in which a person suffers from having trouble in falling asleep or in staying asleep. Insomnia is caused by the disturbance of the circadian rhythm that results to the inability of to fall asleep during the regular sleeping hours. Symptoms include awakening at night and awakening too early; difficulty falling asleep at night; feeling tired after sleeping; and difficulty paying attention. Getting proper and regular sleep patterns can help treat insomnia. Sleeping pills and other sedatives can also help treat insomnia. Sleep Apnea is a disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or instances of shallow or infrequent breathing during...
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...Research paper 1 Ivytech community college Sleep disorders essay Sleep the thing we need the most in our everyday lives. Unfortunately for some people this task the most simple of all tasks, something your parents would tell you to do if you were misbehaving by saying the words go take a nap, is unbearable. People from around the world suffer from many sleep disorders and don’t even know why. So what is a sleep disorder you ask? A sleep disorder is are problems with sleeping, including trouble falling or staying asleep, falling asleep at the wrong times, too much sleep, or abnormal behaviors during sleep. To be completely honest sleep can be compared to quicksand in a way no matter how you try to fight it you will just end up finding your self-trapped it will take over your body and the more you try to fight it the more it will win and by it I mean sleep. The effects of sleep are not uncommon in fact, back then even till this day sleep deprivation is used as a form of torture in certain camps of certain countries. Not only that, but many victims of sleep deprivation commonly a form of torture used on criminals is used to extract information from them for however long as possible. It leaves no physical markings but its psychological effects can be very harmful. Victims will literally go crazy. Those who have gone through it say that no sleep is even worse than starvation. The number of people who suffer from a lack of sleep is growing. This is largely contributed to the...
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...Discuss at least two causes of sleep disturbance. What effects have been shown to occur as a result? Sound sleep is vital for human functioning on a daily basis. Yet some people do not get the required amount. Whether, inadequate sleep might be due to physical, psychological or socioeconomic conditions, sleep disturbance is a common problem. Impaired sleep or sleep disturbance means failure to fall asleep, inability to regain sleep and persistent arousal during the night (Prinz, 1977, as cited in Harrington & Avidan, 2009). The most familiar types of sleep disorders are insomnia; difficulty falling asleep in-spite of sufficient sleep opportunity, and obstructed sleep apnea; difficulty in breathing while asleep that results in frequent awakening (Harrington & Avidan, 2009). The multiple causes of sleep disturbance may include ageing, noise, chronic disease, nocturia, alcoholism, chronic pain, obesity and stress. This essay focuses on three common causes of sleep disturbance: ageing, noise and psychological problems. It also focuses on consequences like memory impairment and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents. Ageing may be a common cause of sleep disturbance. Changes in sleep pattern, like increased lighter stages of sleep, increased fragmented sleep, as well as decreased total sleep time and early morning awakenings may all occur with advancing age. The prevalence of obstructed sleep apnea is 13% among older men and 4% among older women (Enright et al., 1996...
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...of the brain, thus stimulating various functions, such as body temperature, hormone secretion, changes in blood pressure, etc. There are numerous external factors as well, that regulate a circadian rhythm among human beings. These external factors are called zeitgebers (Hawkins & Orlady, 1993). Most common zeitgebers are light and temperature. Others include meal times, various social and physical activities. The most common circadian rhythm known to mankind is the sleep cycle. Sleep is an extremely important physiological phenomenon, during which our body heals and recuperates. Let us begin with understanding what sleep is, and what are the various sleep patterns. Sleep is a revocable state, which is characterized by disconnection and unresponsiveness to the outside environment with closed eyes, reduced movements and recumbency (Smith, Comella, & Hogl, 2008). Normal sleep pattern is classified into two characteristic divisions: Non Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. These sleep stages are defined by neurophysiological...
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...Running Head: The History of Bariatric Surgery The History of Bariatric Surgery, Informative Essay Cathleen Anderson Strayer University, Online ENG 115, English Composition Professor Gus Weekley May 29, 2011 The History of Bariatric Surgery The History of Bariatric Surgery started about sixty years ago. The first procedure called Jejunoileal which is no longer performed was performed in 1954 by doctors named Kreman, Linder, and Nelson at the University of Minnesota. This type of bypass eliminated a large portion of the Intestines creating significant malabsorption. (Roets, L). The Bariatric gastro intestinal Surgery, Gastric bypass as it is called for short is used for morbidly obese people who want to achieve weight loss. This surgery often times eliminates diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure, sleep apnea. When Gastric bypass started it had a high mortality rate however, since the revision of this procedure the rate is very low. More people with the previously stated serious conditions are having this procedure performed to reduce their life threatening conditions. By the end of the sixties these procedures had been revised. But, complications were still very high with the malabsorptions procedure. This procedure alone was abandoned. In 1967 Dr. Mason and Ito were credited with the first combined gastric bypass. This seminal procedure became the foundation for the...
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...FINAL EXAMINATION ESSAY QUESTIONS GROUP 1 What issues give rise to the bipolar disorder? Bipolar disorder issued from lack of chemical and electrical elements in brain to function properly. It also occur in the presence of corresponding genes in patients DNA as a results of genes transmission from older generations. Bipolar disorder has 2 common poles known as Mania and Depression. How does this 2 poles differ from each other and how does this 2 poles correlate to each other? Mood Changes | -A long period of feeling "high," or an overly happy or outgoing mood -Extreme irritability | Behavioral Changes | -Talking very fast, jumping from one idea to another, having racing thoughts -Being easily distracted -Increasing activities, such as taking on new projects -Being overly restless -Sleeping little or not being tired -Having an unrealistic belief in one's abilities -Behaving impulsively and engaging in pleasurable, high-risk behaviours | | Depression | Mood Changes | -An overly long period of feeling sad or hopeless -Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, including sex. | Behavioral Changes | -Feeling tired or "slowed down" -Having problems concentrating, remembering, and making decisions -Being restless or irritable -Changing eating, sleeping, or other habits -Thinking of death or suicide, or attempting suicide. | How does they correlate? Both involves disturbance in length of sleep. Both involves intense...
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...Persuasion Essay Three years ago, on September 9, 2013 I made the decision of a lifetime. My weight has always been the focus of my health and wellbeing as well as a constant struggle throughout my life. The last time I remember weighing within the normal weight range of my peers was the second grade. Although I was just as active as every other child playing both school sports and outside with neighborhood children, the pounds continued to pile onto my small frame of five foot two. Growing up can be difficult within itself, but growing up severely obese is a whole other ballgame with its own set of rules which can cause both physical and emotional damage. To better understand my choice for bariatric surgery, it is helpful for me to discuss the history as well as the type of surgery I had. Weight loss surgery was introduced in the United States in the 1960’s. The gastric bypass was based on the weight loss observed among patients undergoing partial stomach removal for ulcers. Over several decades, there would be modifications of this operation to bring us to today’s version which is known as a Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. This form of bariatric surgery is considered to be today’s “gold standard” and is the most commonly performed bariatric procedure worldwide. There are two components to this procedure: First, a small pouch, of approximately one ounce in volume is created by dividing the top of the stomach from the rest of the stomach. Next, the first portion of...
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...Preventing a cold can be as easy as listening to your body, while curing hiccups and insomnia might require using some unusual techniques. In this essay you will find helpful hints to help you rid a cold or hiccups and how to get some sleep at night. My experiences are based on old wives tales and tricks I have used on myself and I have proof that some of these tricks might work for others. Because I have not suffered a cold in many years, I thought I must be doing something right so I would like to share with you my regiment. Also, I will share what I have learned about how to cure hiccups and what my son and I have done to cure our hiccups. These tips are based mostly on old wives tale and tips from the “Help From Heloise” books by Eloise Bowles. Now my tips for curing insomnia are based on my experiences with the insomniac women in my family, who struggle to sleep at night or find themselves awoken from sleep in the wee hours of the morning. However, I do not have this problem of insomnia. So I became curious of the fact that these ladies were not sleeping at night only because I could not understand what they were going through. Sleep to me is like milk, “it does the body good” and I ensure I get the right amount of sleep. My tips to my family were based on my own sleeping rituals or from what I have read on WebMD. This essay is based on tips I have collected over the years, tips that I standby and I hope this information will help someone to prevent a cold, stop hiccups...
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...each year. This paper will discuss what heart failure is, and what nursing interventions may be of help to patients who suffer from this disease. My grandmother was recently diagnosed with congestive heart failure. By interviewing her and performing a brief assessment, I hope to recognize a few nursing diagnoses and some interventions that may make her disease more bearable. Heart failure can involve the right side of the heart, the left side, or both. Heart failure usually affects the left side first. Each side of the heart is made up of two chambers the atrium and the ventricle. If either of these chambers loses their ability to keep up with the amount of blood flow then heart failure occurs. Custom writing service can write essays on Congestive Heart Failure Left - sided failure involves the left (lower) ventricle. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. This chamber is the largest and is essential for everyday function. Systolic failure is a condition that arises when the left ventricle loses its ability to contract. Diastolic failure is if the ventricle loses its ability to relax. Relaxing allows the heart to fill with blood during the resting period between beats. Pulmonary edema occurs when fluid leaks into the lungs due to the backing up of blood in the left chamber. Fluid...
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...Color blindness or color vision deficiency is the inability or decreased ability to see color, or perceive color differences, under lighting conditions when color vision is not normally impaired. "Color blind" is a term of art; there is no actual blindness but there is a fault in the development of one or more sets of retinal cones that perceive color in light and transmit that information to the optic nerve Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of muscle diseasesthat weaken the musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion.[1][2] Muscular dystrophies are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells andtissue.[3] Blood disorders can lead to poor blood clotting and continuous bleeding. The disorders can result from defects in the blood vessels or from abnormalities in the blood itself, such as in blood clotting factors or in platelets. Ichthyosis (plural ichthyoses) is a heterogeneous family of at least 28,[1] generalized, mostly genetic skindisorders. All types of ichthyosis have dry, thickened, scaly or flaky skin.[1] In many types there is cracked skin,[2] which is said to resemble the scales on a fish; the word ichthyosis comes from the Ancient Greek ιχθύς (ichthys), meaning "fish. Fragile X syndrome (FXS), Martin–Bell syndrome, orEscalante's syndrome (more commonly used in South American countries), is a genetic syndrome that is the most commonly known single-gene cause of autism and the most...
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...INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH SAMPLE MID-TERM TEST Writing AE2 Task 1: Identify 6 cases of non-academic language in the text below and edit them to make an academic text. In the box below, write the original words/phrases in the left hand column and your editions in the right-hand column. You have an example. (30 pts) CAN MEDICATION CURE OBESITY IN CHILDREN? A Review of the Literature In March 2004, U.S. Surgeon General Richard Carmona called attention to a health problem in the United States that, until recently, we have overlooked: childhood obesity. Carmona highlighted that the “astounding” 15% child obesity rate constitutes an “epidemic.” Since the early ‘80s, that rate has “doubled in children and tripled in adolescents.” Now more than nine million children are classified as obese. While the traditional response to a medical epidemic is to hunt for a vaccine or a cure-all pill, childhood obesity has proven more elusive. Lacking success of recent initiatives suggests that medication mightn’t be the answer for the escalating problem. In this literature review, I will consider whether the use of medication is a promising approach for solving the childhood obesity problem by responding to the following questions: 1. What are the implications of childhood obesity? 2. Is medication effective at treating childhood obesity? 3. Is medication safe for children? 4. Is medication the best solution? Understanding the...
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...Sleep Deprivation Abstract Sleep is one of our basic needs to survive, however in the modern days sleep deprivation in increasing more and more each day, causing accidents and medical problems for the people and the community. This essay will look at the meaning of sleep and sleep deprivation and the basic perspectives on what motivates sleep and sleep deprivation with the five perspectives; evolutionary, psychodynamic, behaviourist, cognitive and the hierarchy of needs. This essay will also evaluate the best perspective to eliminate sleep deprivation with the cases studies discussing the general hypothesis of sleep and sleep deprivation. Basic Perspectives on Motivation: Evaluating Five Accounts for Sleep and Sleep Deprivation Sleep is one of our basic needs to survive and to function in day to day operations, but not everyone needs the same amount of sleep. Some people can survive on very little sleep, i.e. five hours a night, and some people need a lot of sleep, to the extend that they are sleeping up to 10 to sometimes 15 hours a night (Nature, 2005). According to Wilson (2005) the general rule states that most people need from seven to eight hours of sleep. The deprivation of sleep in our society in continually increasing with the demands in society increasing work loads, the myth that a few hours of sleep is only necessary to function properly and that sleep is sometimes considered as killing time (Nature, 2005). Sometimes sleep deprivation is also caused by other...
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...There are various diseases that are thought to have ancient Egyptian origin. These diseases include: the plague, influenza, small pox, and poliomyelitis. Some Egyptian hieroglyphics from about 2000 BCE show people with withered legs and arms. Poliomyelitis, also known as polio, is a contagious viral disease that can even cause paralysis, difficulty breathing and sometimes death its most severe form. This disease can affect anyone at any age but it primarily affects children under 5 years old. In this essay, I will talk about the transmission, types of polio and symptoms, treatments, and prevention of the disease. First, polio is transmitted from person to person. It is mainly transmitted through a fecal- oral route. “Poliovirus virions are very stable, especially in in acidic pH, and can remain infectious for relatively long periods in food and water, its main routes of transmission. The incubation period ranges from 6 to 20 days” (1). Once the virus is ingested it multiplies in the mucosa of the throat or small intestine. From here, the virus goes into the tonsils and lymph nodes of the lymph nodes in the neck and the terminal potion of the small intestine. Sometimes the virus enters the blood stream and causes viremia. In more than 99% of those cases, the viremia lasts only for a short time and does not result in clinical disease. In the other less that 1% cases, the viremia persists and goes into the central nervous system and this...
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...Children affected by obesity are more likely to get bullied and teased. They may suffer from isolation, depression, and low self-esteem which can produce more negative outcomes for the child. These children are at considered high risk of being diagnosed with chronic health diseases that affect their health. Those include but are not limited to asthma, sleep apnea, heart disease, bone and joint problems and type 2 diabetes. Children with obesity are at risk of having obesity as an adult and heighten the possibilities of obtaining the mentioned chronic...
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