... | | | |Multiple Choice |6,19,21 |9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,18 |3,4,5,7,8,17,20 | |Social Psychology: An | | | | | |Empirical Science | | | | | | |Essay |240 | | | | |Multiple Choice |24,28,36,41,54,59,73,74,75, |27,29,31,33,34,35,42,43,44, |22,23,25,26,30,32,37, | |Research Designs | |78,82,83,86,89,106,111,112, |46,47,48,49,50,55,56,66,67, |38,39,40,45,51,55,53, | | | |119,120,121,127,132,141, |68,79,80,81,84,90,91,95, |57,58,60,61,62,63,64,65, | | | |149,152,155,159,160,165,...
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...study In response to the growing need for moral accountants who possess ethical and reflective qualities; an ethics education program was developed based on ethics as a reflective, critical capacity. This paper aims to describe the impact of the program on reporting behavior. In the abstract of this article it states that the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of an ethics education program on actual behavior rather than hypothetical situations using a quasi-experimental design with two student groups. A ‘quasi-experiment’ is an observational study in which the subjects to be observed are not randomly assigned to different groups in order to control the assignment to the treatment condition. Throughout the abstract and introduction, the researchers provided several arguments to establish the significance of their study. The main arguments were that honest reporting under anonymous conditions suggests that students have internalized ethical values toward honest reporting and that individuals who report honestly even when anonymous are more likely to have internalized ethical values toward honest reporting. The title of the article is strong and the research topic is valid; it clearly shows the purpose of the article is some kind of experiment or observation that discusses the impact of ethics education in regards to reporting information. The article effectively discusses the need for more ethical accountants when it cites previous articles from Desplaces (2007) &...
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...Introduction Surveys and experiments can prove to be an extremely valuable tool that organizations can use to gain pertinent information. In order to effectively utilize these tools firms must pay careful attention to the design, methodology, and ethical issues of the experiment chosen. Among these issues are variables in conducting experiments with human subjects, design elements affecting the accuracy of the experiment, and questions of methodology. The information below addresses each of these concerns and describes how experiments can become a valuable tool for organizations to plan for the future. Question 9.4 – Ethical Problems in Conducting Experiments with Human Subjects After choosing the experimental design, the researcher must then select and assign participants for the study. According to Cooper and Schindler (2014), participants selected for an experiment should be members of the population in which the researcher wishes to make interpretations about. When choosing to conduct experiments with humans as the main subjects, researchers should be aware of various ethical concerns that may arise. When ethical problems are debated in the research design process, most people often think first about defending the rights of the participant. Whether observations are taken from an interview, survey, or an experiment, the participant has many rights that need to be protected during the research process. As discussed in the text, research must be designed in a way...
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...* Aim * Purpose of the study; indicates behavior or mental process that will be studied. * Target population * Group whose behavior the researcher wishes to investigate * Specific group of people whom they are interested in for their study. * Procedure * Step by step process used by the researcher to carry out the study. * Findings * State how the researcher interpreted the data that was collected. * Research findings are always open to discussion and debate. * It is important to interpret findings in terms of the culture in which the research has been conducted, and always to be aware of potential cultural bias. * Participants * People who take part in a psychological study. * Sample * Very important in determining the usefulness of a piece of research. * Obtain a sample that is representative of target population. * Representative sample * Try to obtain a sample that represents a population * The size of the sample matters. * Small groups are more open to distortions than large one. * Small group has an individual that quite influence on the overall result. * Opportunity sampling * A sample of whoever happens to be there and agrees to participate. * Easy way for the researcher to get participants, but one has to question the nature of an opportunity sample. * Can lead to rather biased results, and it is problematic to generalize from studies that use opportunity sampling...
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...Self-Report * Questionnaire: A method of self-report where respondents write/record their own answers to a list of pre-determined questions. * Unstructured- A method if self-report that features no pre-set questions. No questions are decided in advance so the researcher is free to explore the participants’ thoughts and ideas. * Rich source of qualitative data * Interviewee is relaxed and so answers the questions fully * Different data from each person so comparisons are difficult to make * Analysis is difficult * Low inter-rater reliability because of the disagreement over the interpretations * Demand characteristics * Semi-Structured- New questions are developed as the conversation develops. The interviewer may start off with some pre-determined questions then develop further questions. * Interviewer can be flexible and follow the line of thinking of every interviewee * Data collected can be on the same general topics so comparisons can be made * Non-standardised procedure means questions are worded differently therefore interpretations will be different * Low reliability- difficult to replicate * Fully structured- A list of pre-determined questions that re delivered by an interviewee in real time- face to face or over the phone. * Quick and easy to administer * Easy to replicate- high reliability * Data analysis is easier * Less chance of interpersonal bias to affect...
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...Question worth 20 marks [pic] 1. Planning research: Aim, Hypotheses & Variables Psychologists first aim to make predictions about a common sense explanation of behaviour. For example, “hmm, does eating fish really make someone smart like the advertisements say?” Therefore the first thing a psychologist must come up with is an aim of her ‘what will be’ investigation: 1.1 AIM “The researcher wanted to investigate whether eating fish could actually help improve a person’s intelligence”. This is still quite a general statement so psychologists must make refine the aim and make it more testable, i.e. a hypothesis. Something that reads that can be tested in a laboratory experiment. First, in order to make sure your hypothesis is EXACT is to know your Independent and Dependant variables. (See notes below hypotheses) 1.2 HYPOTHESES - There are two major types of hypothesis: The experimental (or alternative) hypothesis. It is experimental because it predicts a RELATIONSHIP between the IV and the DV and it is alternative because it can be of two types: Alternative Hypothesis One – tailed Hypothesis ■ A statement that predicts there will be a difference (increase/decrease) in the DV, i.e. a specific direction ■ “Participants who eat fish at least three times a week will have higher IQ scores than participants who never eat fish”. Two - tailed hypothesis ■ A statement...
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... Managing for Ethical Conduct Contents: (Please note: the Instructor Guide for every chapter will follow this structure.) 1. Chapter Outline 2. Teaching Notes 3. In-Class Exercises 4. Homework Assignments 5. Additional Resources Chapter Outline I. Introduction II. In Business, Ethics Is about Behavior A. Practical Advice for Managers: Ethical Behavior III. Our Multiple Ethical Selves A. The Kenneth Lay Example B. The Dennis Levine Example C. Practical Advice for Managers’ Multiple Ethical Selves IV. Rewards and Discipline A. People Do What is Rewarded and Avoid Doing What is Punished B. People Will Go the Extra Mile to Achieve Goals Set by Managers C. How Goals Combined with Rewards Can Encourage Unethical Behavior D. Practical Advice for Managers: Goals, Rewards, and Discipline E. Recognize the Power of Indirect Rewards and Punishments F. Can Managers Really Reward Ethical Behavior? G. What about the Role of Discipline? H. Practical Advice for Managers: Discipline V. “Everyone’s Doing It” A. People Follow Group Norms B. Rationalizing Unethical Behavior C. Practical Advice for Managers: Group Norms VI. People Fulfill Assigned Roles A. The Zimbardo Prison Experiment B. Roles at Work C. Conflicting Roles can Lead to Unethical Behavior D. Roles Can Also Support Ethical Behavior E...
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... Managing for Ethical Conduct Contents: (Please note: the Instructor Guide for every chapter will follow this structure.) 1. Chapter Outline 2. Teaching Notes 3. In-Class Exercises 4. Homework Assignments 5. Additional Resources Chapter Outline I. Introduction II. In Business, Ethics Is about Behavior A. Practical Advice for Managers: Ethical Behavior III. Our Multiple Ethical Selves A. The Kenneth Lay Example B. The Dennis Levine Example C. Practical Advice for Managers’ Multiple Ethical Selves IV. Rewards and Discipline A. People Do What is Rewarded and Avoid Doing What is Punished B. People Will Go the Extra Mile to Achieve Goals Set by Managers C. How Goals Combined with Rewards Can Encourage Unethical Behavior D. Practical Advice for Managers: Goals, Rewards, and Discipline E. Recognize the Power of Indirect Rewards and Punishments F. Can Managers Really Reward Ethical Behavior? G. What about the Role of Discipline? H. Practical Advice for Managers: Discipline V. “Everyone’s Doing It” A. People Follow Group Norms B. Rationalizing Unethical Behavior C. Practical Advice for Managers: Group Norms VI. People Fulfill Assigned Roles A. The Zimbardo Prison Experiment B. Roles at Work C. Conflicting Roles can Lead to Unethical Behavior D. Roles Can Also Support Ethical Behavior E...
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...Chapter 7 Managing for Ethical Conduct Contents: (Please note: the Instructor Guide for every chapter will follow this structure.) 1. Chapter Outline 2. Teaching Notes 3. In-Class Exercises 4. Homework Assignments 5. Additional Resources Chapter Outline I. Introduction II. In Business, Ethics Is about Behavior A. Practical Advice for Managers: Ethical Behavior III. Our Multiple Ethical Selves A. The Kenneth Lay Example B. The Dennis Levine Example C. Practical Advice for Managers’ Multiple Ethical Selves IV. Rewards and Discipline A. People Do What is Rewarded and Avoid Doing What is Punished B. People Will Go the Extra Mile to Achieve Goals Set by Managers C. How Goals Combined with Rewards Can Encourage Unethical Behavior D. Practical Advice for Managers: Goals, Rewards, and Discipline E. Recognize the Power of Indirect Rewards and Punishments F. Can Managers Really Reward Ethical Behavior? G. What about the Role of Discipline? H. Practical Advice for Managers: Discipline V. “Everyone’s Doing It” A. People Follow Group Norms B. Rationalizing Unethical Behavior C. Practical Advice for Managers: Group Norms VI. People Fulfill Assigned Roles A. The Zimbardo Prison Experiment B. Roles at Work C. Conflicting Roles can Lead to Unethical Behavior D. Roles Can Also Support Ethical Behavior E. Practical Advice for Managers: Roles...
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...Introduction Research is generally undertaken to assist in elaborating on and uncovering the complexities of real world problems. A problem statement was outlined and research questions were raised during the researcher’s literature review. This problem statement and research questions identified in the researchers literature review requires comprehensive and extensive research and analysis to facilitate the drawing of logical conclusions. The researcher’s literature review was based on addressing BIG DATA challenges using Semantic/Cloud Technologies and gives introduction to the pertinent propositions that will guide the strategy of the researcher’s research. Overview of Research Paradigm Willis (Willis 2007) illustrates that a paradigm is a comprehensive belief system, framework or world which guides research and practice in a specific field. Due to the multidimensional nature of the problem statement and research questions derived from the researcher’s literature review, the research will design research by...
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...Apparatus: 1. A video clip of two cars being raced - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfV87TgYH78 2. Paper and pen – For students to write their estimate of speed. Independent Variable: The independent variable is the leading/ non-leading question asked to participants. Dependent Variable: The dependent variable is the estimation of the speed (mph) of the car in the video clip shown to participants. The two variables above will determine the final results acquired from the experiment I will be conducting with my group. Controlled Variable: I will ensure that the two groups contain equal number of participants. For e.g. 9 students in group 1 (leading) and 9 students in group 2 (non-leading). Also I will make sure that participants in both groups are shown the video clip of car twice only. Design: Independent Groups Design Advantage of this design: * Easy to see variations between set of results. * Avoids order effects. Disadvantage of this design: * Individual differences e.g. age,...
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...Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften Studiengang International Management Fach- Sozial und Methodenkompetenz Bachelor Research Proposal Consumer perceptions of socially responsible consumption: Attitudes among Chinese and German business students- A comparative/ contrastive study * * * Index 1 Title and Initial Statement of Research Question 3 2 Background 3 3 Statement of research objective 6 3.1 Primary research objective 6 3.2 Secondary research objective 6 3.3 Definition of terms 6 3.4 Detailed explanation of objectives 7 4 Research design and schedule 8 4.1 Approach 8 4.2 Methods of familiarisation: 8 4.3 Methods of using text: 9 4.4 Methods of using Talk: 9 4.5 Methods of using experimentation: 10 4.6 Methods of observation: 11 4.7 Tools of data recording and documentation 12 4.7.1 Tools for talk 12 4.7.2 Tools for text 12 4.7.3 Tools for observation 12 4.8 Time schedule 12 5 Significance and creativity 13 6 List of References 13 Title and Initial Statement of Research Question Consumer perceptions of socially responsible consumption: Attitudes among Chinese and German business students- A comparative/ contrastive study Every single consumption choice that consumers make has a huge impact on the environment and the society. Consumers can influence the market by buying products that have a limited impact on the environment and the society. By taking social responsibility in...
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...develop a greater sense of professional responsibility, social awareness and high competitiveness in industry or in graduate work. DEPARTMENT VISION STATEMENT The Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE) Department envisions itself as a center of excellence, leadership, and an internationally recognized institution in electrical and electronics engineering education and technology. Section 2 PROGRAM OUTCOMES a. ability to apply knowledge of mathematics and science to solve engineering problems b. ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data c. ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability, in accordance with standards d. ability to function on multidisciplinary teams e. ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems f. understanding of professional and ethical responsibility g. ability to communicate effectively h. broad education necessary to understand the impact of...
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...their parents and ancestors were not able to either. Humanistic Perspective: Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are the fathers of Humanistic Perspective. Humanistic Perspective is ones own motivation to grow. This perspective is all about ones own determination to reach their goals, their interactions and interpersonal-relationships with those around them, and the importance of one having choice and self direction. Cognitive Perspective: The Cognitive Perspective is the based on the mental process and how humans process information. In the 1960’s there was a “Cognitive Revolution” due to the development of the very first computers. The Cognitive process is how the brain and mind process and remember information, develop language, solve problems and think. Operant Conditioning There are two main forms for psychological research; there is the descriptive method and the experimental method. The descriptive method is the strategy used for observing and describing behavior; one of the more common forms of using this method is during a case study. A case study is an in depth and...
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...When conducting an experiment, there are a number of ways in which it can be carried out. In the movie Awakenings a variety of research methods are displayed. These are used by sociologists, and the majority of the scientific community. It can be seen in the film that certain conflicts erupt when protocol is not maintained. There is a fine line between being a compassionate researcher and becoming too emotionally involved with a test subject; this film demonstrates the problems that may arise when this barrier is broken and whether or not this is the ethical route to take. Sociologists often use the scientific method during a period of analysis. The scientific method is a systematic process used to approach certain problems or questions. It includes identifying the problem, reviewing the known information, formation of a hypothesis, creating a design used in research, collecting data and interpreting it, forming a conclusion, and finally forming new questions for the future. This all must be done objectively and that is critical. Sociological research uses the scientific methods to evaluate certain types of people or groups and their behaviors. As with all kinds of research, there are concerns. Even in sociology, which can be seen as a more mild form of scientific research that draws little concern from the public, there are ethical dilemmas. With humans, there is always the element of privacy and protection. Those individuals participating or under observation of a sociological...
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