...Running Head: COUNSELING AND SOCIAL JUSTICE Stepping up Counseling Responsibilities in a Socially Unjust Society Abstract Social Justice has been an emerging issue over the last century in today’s service environment of helping professionals. I reviewed several articles where the main theme is; we live in a world of systems that allow for injustice and oppression. The Professional Counselor’s work deals with many of the symptoms that permit for this injustice and oppression. The articles had similar recurring traits that are stressed as important practices that need to be adopted by Professionals in the helping field to increase awareness of social justice and implement actions for change in a socially unjust society. I will explain the four main attributes: knowledge, awareness, research and advocacy and explain how education and focus in each area will contribute to the social justice inequities in the communities we practice. If professional counselors want to promote social justice, to be effective, there has to be a movement to take action on the burdensome stigmatisms and unfortunate inequities that human beings bring to professionals about the communities they live in. Social justice and the counseling profession have roots that goes back to the 1900’s. It has always been understood from a social work point of view that problems such as depression, anxiety, and abuse often derive from economic...
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...businesses can also use. However as with their being a diverse gap between what the law requires of an organisation and the free/personal choice there is inevitably a ‘grey area’, this can be interpreted as ethics. Lewis (1985) described defining ethics will be like ‘nailing jello to a wall’ there by suggesting it is virtually impossible to pin point exactly what ethics truly is. There are many factors, which distinguish what is right, and wrong however they are decided predominantly by values and decisions of individuals, in this case managers. In order to comprehend the importance of ethics one must critically take into consideration all parties involved in the process of ethics and ethical decision-making. Why ethics is important for managers? Ethics is defined by the Oxford English dictionary to be ‘morally correct’ as well as Velasquez (2001) who has a similar definition of ethics, suggesting ethics as the ‘principles of conduct governing an individual or a group, it is the study of morality’. However it is difficult to pin point the exact definition of ethics as many authors and instructors have their own distinct meaning of the term ethics, Lewis (2008). In the face of it, it would seem it is a simple problem where there is a right or wrong answer. However as ethics is nor the legal requirement and it isn’t a personal choice but rather in the middle it is subjected to the ‘grey area’, this allows a person or an organisation to make decisions from their own values. For...
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...Ethics in Criminology What to study? A justice system is based on rules. There are many types of rules and some interact to form the justice system. The principle rules are ethics, morals and laws. These are related in the following way. Morals are based on authority, Ethics are based on reason. Laws may have a moral basis or an ethical basis. Those in the United States are supposed to have an ethical basis. Ethics are of two types, Consequence-based and Rule-based. Consequence-based are less reliable in the long run. Rule-based ethics are of two types, Value-based and Rights-based. Our Constitution, and the laws derived from it, is based on the rights asserted in the Declaration of Independence. Whom to study? Criminal justice system Definition The criminal justice system consists of three main parts: (1) Legislative (create laws); (2) adjudication (courts); and (3) corrections (jails, prisons, probation and parole). In the criminal justice system, these distinct agencies operate together both under the rule of law and as the principal means of maintaining the rule of law within society. For the purposes of section 8(6) of the Criminal Appeal Act 1995 and section 194A(6) of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995, the criminal justice system includes, in particular, the investigation of offences and the treatment of offenders. How to study? Criminologists study abnormal social behavior and use that knowledge to predict how criminals will behave. They also...
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...CHAPTER 3 ♦ ETHICAL BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ♦ Ethical Behavior- is that which is accepted as “good” and “right” as opposed to “bad” or “wrong” in the context of the governing moral code. Laws and Values as Determinate of Ethical Behavior * Personal Values- the underlying beliefs and attitudes that help determine individual behavior. * Terminal Values- are preference about desired ends, such as the goal’s one strives to achieve in life. Ex. Self-respect, family security, freedom and happiness. * Instrumental Values- preferences regarding the means for accomplishing these ends. Ex. Honesty, ambition, imagination, and self-discipline. Alternative Views of Ethics Four views of Ethical Behavior: ♦ Utilitarian View- considers ethical behavior to be that which delivers the greatest good to the greatest number of people. ♦ Individualism View- is based on the belief that one’s primary commitment is to the long-term advancement of self-interests. ♦ Moral Rights View- it is which respects and protects the fundamental rights of people. ♦ Justice View- it is based on the belief that ethical decisions treat people impartially and fairly, according to legal rules and standards. • Procedural Justice • Distributive Justice • Commutative Justice • Interactional Justice Cultural Issues in Ethical Behavior Cultural Relativism- belief that is no one rights way to behave and that ethical behavior is always determined by the cultural context. Universalism- suggests ethical...
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...Scenario #1 Let’s begin by looking at the primary purpose of the NASW Code of Ethics. As stated, the primary purpose of the NASW Code of Ethics is for social workers to promote social justice and change for clients. With social justice taking into consideration if the mother of the 9 year old boy has taking precautions to alleviate stress and emotional abuse from her life then as a social worker whose job is to promote social justice and keep information confidential I would keep the information that was shared regarding her ex-husband confidential. I would as a social worker work to provide resources and tools for her to comply with the judge’s orders, with her permission. Basically I would work to provide alternative intervention strategies...
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...Social and economic justice occurs when "all members of a society share equally in the social order, secure an equitable consideration of resources and opportunities, and enjoy their full benefit of civil liberties". An easier way to understand the concept of social and economic justice may be to consider what a lack of justice is: "when societies do not accord citizens equity and equality and when they violate their citizens' human and civil rights". Social injustice could include any social problem-domestic violence, inadequate healthcare, or substance abuse. Social justice ideally addresses these problems, but also addresses social issues-the increasing aging population, education expenses, and environmental concerns. Social workers' responsibility regarding social and economic justice is formally defined in the NASW Code of Ethics. The last section of the Code of Ethics, "the social worker's ethical responsibility to society," states that "the social worker should promote the general welfare of society." More specifically, it states "the social worker should advocate changes in policy and legislation to improve social conditions and to promote social justice." It is clear then that social workers are obligated to promote social justice - to empower people individually and collectively. This stipulation is congruent with my own personal beliefs about social justice. Influenced by my values based in Christianity and humanism, I feel action to promote social justice is a personal...
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...Business Ethics Concepts & Cases Manuel G. Velasquez ABSTRACT Summary of the main points of the first two chapters in the book. The remaining chapters are application of the concepts summarized as relating to political forms of government and market systems. These further chapters are less relevant to the DBA class that this summary was prepared for. Chapter 1 – Ethics & Business Ethics is the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group. It is the study of morality. Morality are the standards that an individual or group has about what is right and wrong, or good and evil. Moral norms can usually be expressed as general rules or statements, such as “Always tell the truth”. Moral values can usually be expressed as statements describing objects or features of objects that have worth, such as “Honesty is good” and “Injustice is bad”. Five characteristics can help pin down the nature of moral standards. 1. Moral standards deal with matters that we think can seriously injure or seriously benefit human beings. 2. Moral standards are not established or changed by the decisions of particular legislative bodies. 3. We feel that moral standards should be preferred to other values including (especially?) self-interest. 4. Moral standards are based on impartial considerations. – that is, a point of view that does not evaluate standards according to whether they advance the interests of a particular individual or group, but one that goes...
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...Business Ethics Concepts & Cases Manuel G. Velasquez ABSTRACT Summary of the main points of the first two chapters in the book. The remaining chapters are application of the concepts summarized as relating to political forms of government and market systems. These further chapters are less relevant to the DBA class that this summary was prepared for. Chapter 1 – Ethics & Business Ethics is the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group. It is the study of morality. Morality are the standards that an individual or group has about what is right and wrong, or good and evil. Moral norms can usually be expressed as general rules or statements, such as “Always tell the truth”. Moral values can usually be expressed as statements describing objects or features of objects that have worth, such as “Honesty is good” and “Injustice is bad”. Five characteristics can help pin down the nature of moral standards. 1. Moral standards deal with matters that we think can seriously injure or seriously benefit human beings. 2. Moral standards are not established or changed by the decisions of particular legislative bodies. 3. We feel that moral standards should be preferred to other values including (especially?) self-interest. 4. Moral standards are based on impartial considerations. – that is, a point of view that does not evaluate standards according to whether they advance the interests of a particular individual or group,...
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...Introduction This essay will explore ethical behaviour concerning businesses and its significance to these businesses. It will then discuss in detail, the four alternative views of ethical behaviour relating to business organisations and further discuss, proving examples, how this links to Corporate Social Responsibility. “Right” and “wrong” behaviour in business context Business ethics can be defined in many ways but generally it is about right and wrong. The way organisations behave and make decisions is very important as it has an impact on their sales/services. This is because there is so much competition nowadays, that if organisations do not behave ethically the customers are likely to go somewhere else to get the similar products. For that reason companies are forced to behave ethically and not only because of competition but also because the law requires them to. Furthermore they are other reasons why businesses need to act ethical such as; litigation avoidance, regulatory freedom, public acceptance, investor confidence, supplier trust, customer loyalty, employee performance and finally personal pride. All these reasons can help organisations to make profit and expand as they will be appealing to consumers. For example gaining customers’ loyalty will increase their sales as they will have repeat customers that will spread good word of mouth, which will attract new consumers. Moreover they will also be able to attract investors and employees to want to work...
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... Business Ethics has been an issue for the past four thousand years. The Mesopotamian rulers attempted to create honest prices and the Aristotle discussed the vices and virtues of tradesmen and merchants. In the Old Testament there are discussions on the topic of fraud, theft, proper weights, and competition; in the New Testament business ethics as it relates to poverty and wealth are discussed (Hoffman, Frederick, & Schwartz, 2001, p. 3). In current times the discussions of Business Ethics is moving towards a different approach. There will always be organizations more concern about the financial interest of the shareholders than the consumer; however, there is now a growing interest among US companies to corporate social responsibility as a way to benefit both the community and the organization. This paper will briefly compare and contrast the various theories of economic Justice of Fairness, Distributive Justice, Utilitarianism, Capitalism and Morality, and Socialism; and reveal the one theory I believe to be the most practical; and the best theory of economic justice as it applies to the “fairness in hiring and promotions, and employees’ rights and duties.” Justice of Fairness includes components of the Principle of Liberty that every one deserve the right to basic liberties; and the Principle of Equality falls in line with the distributive justice for social and economic liberties to be arranged so that they are the greatest...
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...Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Social Work Values: A Critical Analysis A. Antonio González-Prendes, Ph.D. Wayne State University aa3232@wayne.edu Kimberly Brisebois Wayne State University Journal of Social Work Values and Ethics, Volume 9, Number 2 (2012) Copyright 2012, White Hat Communications This text may be freely shared among individuals, but it may not be republished in any medium without express written consent from the authors and advance notification of White Hat Communications Abstract Increasing numbers of clinical social workers use cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in their practice. This article analyzes how CBT fits with social work values and in particular with social justice. We propose that CBT is a good fit with the values of the profession and make suggestions for areas of improvement. Keywords: cognitive-behavioral therapy, social work values, social justice, social work practice 1. Introduction In a day when evidence-based practice has become so important to the social work profession, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has become one of the most frequently used forms of psychotherapeutic intervention. Extensive research supports the effectiveness of CBT approaches for a wide range of psychosocial issues (Dobson & Dobson, 2009; Granvold, 2011). It is one of the most widely researched and published models of therapy, with more than 325 published outcome studies that validate its efficacy (Butler, Chapman, ...
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... |will advocate on the part of patients |the patient’s and patient’s families | | |and co-workers; and teaches many other |point of view when I am giving care | | |individuals in their field without |or educating them on an issue. | | |complaint. | | |Autonomy: According to |Nurses demonstrate autonomy by |I demonstrate the principle of | |http://www.enotes.com/code-ethics-nurses-reference/c|respecting the clients’ right to decide |autonomy by respecting the client’s | |ode-ethics-nurses |and protect those clients who are unable|individual liberty. An example is |...
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...or defect existed; or a general lack of social feeling for others was present (Adler, n.d.)”. These feelings in society guide the professional behavior that makes up the theory of criminal justice is a crucial part of criminal justice system, and the ethics that make up moral principles of right and wrong, administration that distributes burden and stresses common good in our legal system. We are, faced with ethical issues every day and must deal with components that make up our involved system in a professional manner. The administration of criminal justice, especially the policing of society and individual rights requires professional behavior in certain situations and may often for those on the outside looking in to find it difficult to handle. The criminal justice system has obligations of making moral judgments of what is right or wrong and must be done professionally and with the use of critical thinking. Because law enforcement its successes and failures are often judged by society vise right and wrong the system is under great scrutiny even from those that manage the system, and understand the stresses involved. The relationship between theories, and how they are defined like the principles of utilitarianism, and the manner in which agencies are defined through professional behavior and ethics of professional behavior is part of the analysis. What are some of the principles of justice theories? Explain how the principles of...
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...to the librarian of Santhom library Rev. Dr. Sebastian Chalackal and all other librarians for helping me in the collection of data for the completion of this work. Fro generously sharing their wisdom, love and time I pay gratitude to my entire batch mates of Dazzlers. Conveying my sincere thanks to all the members of Sevana social group I wind up. general introduction Human is a rational and social being. Society is an unavoidable factor for human being. There are a lot of things to keep as a social being to human. To maintain a good relationship with others, there are certain written and unwritten rules. The person who keeps this rules called ‘just man’. There are different faces to the concept ‘justice’. A brief study about the concept ‘justice’ is an important today. Many philosophers have tried to explain the concept ‘justice’ and its features. We can find a lot of features in personal justice. The meaning of justice may change according to the situations. But there should be a common factor; this common factor is the concept of ‘ethics’. In general justice and ethics are co-related. Today the study of justice includes anthropology, sociology,...
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...What would utilitarianism, rights theory, and justice say about these activities of ExxonMobil, Amerada Hess, and Marathon Oil in Equatorial Guinea? ExxonMobil’s, Amerada Hess’ and Marathon Oil’s actions, intentions and decisional consequences can be analyzed by utilitarianism, rights theory, and justice sub-theories and ideas, as the companies, governments and citizens are all affected. Utilitarianism focuses on the companies’ decisions’ consequences; rights theory zeroes in on if the companies maintain and respect relevant parties’ rights; and the justice ideas concentrate on the companies’ embracement of civil equality of liberties and justification of inequalities. A utilitarian may view the companies’ actions and consequences under four of utilitarianism’s characteristics: consequentialism, hedonism, minimalism, and universalism, as listed in a business ethics textbook (W. P. Kissick, Contemporary Utilitarianism 17-18). Firstly, and theoretically the most significant in context, as consequentialism involves decision validity, the three companies’ intentions matches this principle, for their main goal, the ultimate consequence, included helping West African countries produce $4 billion annual oil revenues. Additionally, as these companies acquired eighty percent of the annual oil revenues, while the majority of Equatorial Guinea’s population remained poor, and the companies claimed to invest in Equatorial Guinea’s social, educational and health institutions, a utilitarian...
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