...ATTITUDE OF EMPLOYERS, TOWARDS EMPLOYING EX-PRISONERS AND EX-OFFENDERS AS PERCEIVED BY HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGERS IN ORTIGAS PASIG CITY Prepared By: Ms. Marilyn Dimaculangan CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION It is well known that employment is an important need of most individuals; it provides income, social connection, and feelings of societal contribution and self worth. What may be less well known are the barriers to employment faced by those with criminal record, the challenges faced by employers in hiring ex-offenders and what can be done to facilitate employment opportunities as record numbers of people transition from incarceration to the community. A great number of employers are reluctant to hire individuals with a criminal past citing lack of skills and work history, untrustworthiness, and fear of liability for negligent hiring, among other things. Employers use of criminal history background checks over the past decades and they are less willing to hire ex-offenders that any other advantaged group. Their willingness to hire ex-prisoners varies according to the industry and position, the type and severity of offense committed by applicant and work experience since release. Employers are not always consistent in what they say versus what they do when it comes to hiring former offenders and prisoners Jail is a synonym for prison, especially when the facility is of a similar size as a prison. As with prisons, some jails have different wings for...
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...from state and federal prisons are let back into the community, making almost 5 million ex-offenders under some form of community based supervisions annually (Kozey, 2015). Society may not like the idea of ex-offenders back in their communities, and this can lead to ways in reducing the number of ex-offenders. Also ex-offenders may face some challenges as they re-enter society. As ex-offenders reenter society they will face some challenges. One major challenge they will face is receiving a high school diploma or GED. Most people that serve jail time go in with no high school diploma nor GED. Most inmates don’t even make it...
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...Resettlement has been an important element in prison life throughout England and Wales for many years. It is when “prisoners and their families receive assistance and support from the prison and probation services and voluntary agencies to help them prepare for life after prison” (Justice, 2002). The objective is to hopefully lead prisoners towards recidivism, which will hopefully return ex-offenders to normal life, employment and housing. Criminological and social research done by Social Exclusion Unit (SEU) identified the following factors to be what influenced reoffending. These are; education, employment, drug and alcohol misuse, mental and physical health, housing, financial support, debt and family networks. The aim of this essay is to...
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...The U.S. Department of Justice, the Office of Justice Program states that more than 650,000 ex-offenders are released annually from a state or federal prison. The Department of Justice has implemented a re-entry program; this is when offenders make a transition from prisons and/or jails. The cost of housing an inmate in a federal or a state correctional facility is approximately $20,000 to $25,000 per year. The re-entry population consists all individuals that are returning to society who have been convicted of a criminal offense. These individuals have served time in a federal, state, or local level. Research outlines an effective correctional intervention maintains resources should focus on high risk offenders. Ex-offender are less likely to retain gainful employment, they are less educated, and they have a higher risk of substance abuse and mental health issues. Many of the prison reentry programs varies in methodology, range and scope; however, the best programs according to research are reentry programs that begin during incarceration phase and continues through the reintegrating phase. The United States government needs to be responsible for assisting ex-offenders in becoming a viable and successful candidate in society. These...
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...employment has on the individuals released from prison. The main independent variable of this research question is whether or not the released inmate will be employed or not upon release. The main dependent variable is whether or not the individual will return to their criminal behavior or not. The unit of analysis we will be studying is individual ex-offenders. Our goal will be to learn something about the population that we are studying and to gather information to identify certain common traits. Observations will be made using the longitudinal study method. Observations will be stretched over an extended period of time, and made twice a year for five years. The notion that having a job reduces the probability of recidivism is suitably confirmed throughout criminological literature. Employment offers the essential earnings for survival, increases self-esteem, advances the connection to a community, and progresses the impression of belonging to a group. Consequently, even if locating employment is strenuous for ex-offenders, a policy that aids these individuals in gaining employment will possibly lessen the likelihood of recidivism. Throughout the last decade researchers have formulated programs to ease the complicated shift confronted by ex-offenders during the phase of time between discharge and reintegration into society. These types of programs ultimately consist of two categories: post-release programs and in-prison programs. Post-release programs...
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...today’s Society Education and job skills are key elements to reducing recidivism therefore; prisons, county jails, and the probation offices should adopt mandatory programs so ex-offenders can become productive members of society. Every year approximately 9 million people are released from prison in the U.S. (Center, T. N.-e., 2012) and due to lack of education and job skills, 52% of those 9 million returns within three years. According to Yamatani & Spjeldnes (2011), “The United States represents only 5 percent of the world’s population, but we hold 25 percent of the world's inmates in our prisons and jails (Pew Center on the States, 2008). We have more people behind bars in total numbers and per capita than any other industrialized country--2.3 million out of nearly 300 million (750 per 100,000 residents)--one out of 100 U.S.” This essay will show the difference between recidivism and rehabilitation as well as showing how education and job training can effectively reduce the rate of recidivism in the U.S. What is recidivism you ask? The Merriam-Webster defines recidivism as a tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of behavior (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2012). Recidivism comes into play because people who have limited education and no job skills tend to find other means of support which are not always legal. According to O’Brien, (2005), Women who left prisons that offered educational and job training programs were less likely to recidivate. The study...
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...who earned an associate degree are 62% less likely to return to prison. A cost-benefit analysis by the Doe Fund found that $1 million investment in incarceration will prevent about 350 crimes, while the same investment in education will prevent more than 600 crimes. It proves that college education actually save taxpayers money in long run by reducing the number of inmates who break the law and end up in those expensive prison cell. Sing Sing, a prison in New York State where it has a private funded education program launched in 1998, has a recidivism rate of less than 2 percent....
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...Many ex-felons who want to change cannot move on with their lives after being released from prison. One of those reasons is because they have a hard time finding a job after being released. The system makes it harder for them. Some felons go in at a young age, most times so early that they do not even achieve a high school education. Felons are unable to vote causing the system to remain against them. Prisons are placed far away from society. After being released ex-felons usually return to high crime rate areas. Most ex-felons have a hard time moving on with their lives, after being released from jail because they have multiple factors working against them. “Men and women who have served extensive prison sentences…are not only left with little or no social support but also clearly marked by the criminal justice system as potentially threatening repeat offenders". (Moore 783) What Moore is saying in this quote is that the justice system marks these ex-felons as a criminal for life, making it hard for them to find employment. The system is designed to offer no help to these...
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...or prison. Only inmates with a good record may obtain access to this type of service even though it is seen as a form of rehabilitation. These specialized programs provide offenders with employment, education, health and social services, including access to housing, work, health care, counseling and job training. Most successful reentry programs believe that Reentry preparation begins the first day of incarceration. The focus on release preparation intensifies about 12-18 months prior to release. A Release Preparation Program includes classes in areas such as résumé writing, how to look for a job, and job retention. (National Institute of Justice (n.d.) The prospect of having to search for meaningful work upon release from prison can be a daunting task, particularly for inmates who have been out of the labor market for a number of years When it come to the types of reentry programs that exists, there are two types of programs, a pre-release type of reentry program and a residential type of reentry program. A pre-release type of reentry program are basically mentoring programs that begins while the offender is still in prison. These programs mainly focus on skills that will allow an ex-offender to get a job, such as resume writing, coping skills, and budgeting classes. The success rates of these pre-release reentry programs have had positive results such as ex-offenders being able to find a jobs and were more effective in retaining that job after their release from prison when...
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...Prison Work Release Does it help in recidivism? The reason I choose to write on this topic is to explain the work release program in prison for recidivism. In addition, while working in corrections I worked at a work release center. While these issues among the general public is somewhat complex, the program itself is fairly straightforward. Prison work release allows an inmate in custody with the Department of Corrections to live at a prison work release center and to go out in the community independently and find employment. The Department of Corrections does not find jobs for the inmates. The inmate must search for jobs and interview like anyone else looking for a job. Inmates walk, ride a bicycle, or use public transportation to look for a job. Once they obtain a job they use the same methods to get to their job. The Department of Corrections also does not pay for the use of public transportation. In order to find employment some centers require inmates to buy a bus pass that is valid for at least one month. However, since most inmates do not have any money to buy a bus pass they rely on family or anybody they can convince to send them money. The general public is somewhat leery about allowing inmates to be free to work with the general public. Sometimes when a person of the general public learns that an inmate is working at a restaurant they patronize they won’t return to the establishment. Some people might wonder what the purpose of it is. Will it prevent the offender...
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...Life After Prison Pamela Nichols Everest Online Jennifer Dunn Composition II - 6 J. Katarzyna Woronowicz / for msnbc.com J. Katarzyna Woronowicz / for msnbc.com Randall Countryman, 40, applied for 90 positions before getting a five-week temporary assignment Do you know someone that has been in jail or prison for a long time? Do they have a plan when they get released? Do they have a job waiting on them? Do they have a place to live? Find a place to live, a job to support themselves and their families is one of the biggest things that an ex-offender will have to face when they are released. This is the problem that most inmates have to think about upon release. Some may not have someone in the family that they can turn to. There are those that don’t have a safe place to go to, so they have to worry about can I go there and not get back into the same trouble that got me put into jail in the first place. Ex-offenders should have more opportunities to have jobs, housings, and to more places to get habilitation service if needed. Finding work is hard work in the reentry process for many reason. There are many places that programs that are made to help them to come back into society and also help with finding jobs. But some of these work programs do not make finding a job easy. So the problem is that some overcrowded prisons currently house more than 25...
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...Since the time of their development jail and prison reentry services alike were designed to help formerly incarcerated inmates who are released succeed back into their community, are associated with lowering both rates of criminal activity and reincarceration, as well as improving public safety. These reentry services include interventions such as but are not limited to; job skills training, decent educational programming, help finding housing assistance, and behavioral/health treatment. Nonetheless, executing reentry programs in a correctional setting is challenging, predominantly in jails, where stays are naturally short and recidivism rate remains high. Preparing offenders for a successful transition back to their families and reentry to the community is the primary focus of such community reentry services. The community has a responsibility to make it possible for the formerly incarcerated to achieve successful reentry by forming a reintegrative community. The range and depth of barriers to reentry must be recognized and these counterproductive, discriminatory barriers must be removed. The community can work to reduce the adverse impacts of these barriers on successful reentry by arranging for short-term and long-term supports. Short-term supports address the essentials for survival (e.g., food, shelter, clothing, transportation, drug treatment, identification cards, and drug treatment). Long-term supports address the elements of a stable life (e.g., employment, transportation...
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...sentenced to prison were released to their communities. A study done in 2005 showed, more than 65 percent of ex-offenders were arrested within 3 years of release, and about 76 percent within 5 years of release. A recidivism study found that less than half of people released from prison had secured a job upon their return to the community. When it comes to their level of education, only about half of incarcerated adults have a high school degree or its equivalent. In another study, focusing on youth and young adults, it was demonstrated that recidivism rates are at 50 percent or higher for youth released from secure facilities, and as high as 70 percent for youth released from residential placement...
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...Hiring Ex-offenders Everyone deserves a second chance. You should never judge a book by its cover. These are some of the things that should be considered when an employer considers hiring an ex-offender reentering society after release from the prison system. Once a criminal, always a criminal is not always the case. Some ex-offenders have proven to be loyal and trustworthy employees. As well as tax-paying individual who open their own businesses. There are positives and negatives to hiring someone with a criminal background. There are many concerns by employers to hire an ex-offender, such as negligent hiring. An ex offender is a person who has been convicted of criminal offense. Over 600,000 people are being released from prisons or jails annually. Many suffer from different challenges as they reenter society. Among the most challenging is finding employment. Finding employment reduces recidivism for ex-offenders. Recidivism is the tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of behavior especially criminal behavior. Research has shown that of the 600,000 individuals that are released 67% will be recidivists. Not being able to find work after release is a major contributor to recidivism. Offenders reentering society have better success rates if they are giving the support need to stay out of trouble during the first year of their release. It is hard for the ex-offender having a record of arrest or conviction. Their backgrounds generally give employers...
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...and rehabilitation are needed to address the problem swiftly and effectually. (Punishment vs. Rehabilitation: A Proposal for Revising Sentencing Practices, 1991). When the offender moves from prison to a step-down unit as they get closer to his or her release, they tend to have other issues other than drug and alcohol rehabilitation, and this is what causes recidivism. Research has shown that many prisoners in super maximum units experience extremely high levels of anxiety and other negative emotion. When released, often without any "decompression" period in lower security facilities, they have few of the social or occupational skills necessary to succeed in the outside world (Rehabilitate or Punish, 2003). Craig Haney, Ph.D. states, "This is what prison systems do under the emergency circumstance, they move to punitive social control mechanisms. But it's a very short-term solution, and one that may do more long-term damage both to the system and to the individuals than it solves (Rehabilitate or Punish, 2003)." Throughout this paper, I will be a discussing the strengths of punishment, and how it deters the offenders from repeating the crimes. I will also discuss the advantages of rehabilitation over punishment and how it affects the community, victim, and his or her family, effects on the offender, and finally the fiscal effect on the society. Deterrence in Crime and Its Effectiveness Developing an increase in punishment would have a deterrence in crime as the criminal...
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