...family relationships or personal SAFETY AND HEALTH, above all, are seriously and repeatedly interfered with. Alcoholism is considered a disease, meaning that it follows a characteristic course with known physical, psychological, and social systems. The alcoholic continues to consume alcohol despite the destructive consequences. Alcoholism is serious, progressive, and irreversible. If not treated, it can be fatal. It is generally thought that once the disease has developed, the alcoholic will not drink normally again. An alcoholic who abstains from drinking, however, can regain control over the aspects of life with which ALCOHOL interfered. The alcoholic is then said to be “recovering” not “cured” of the disease. It is important to note that the particular symptoms and pattern of DRINKING PROBLEMS may vary with the individual. ALCOHOLISM is, therefore, a very complex disorder, and it is this very complexity which has led some recent researchers to question the accuracy of the disease concept of alcoholism. A person does not have to drink every day to be an alcoholic. Moreover, someone who drinks frequently, or sometimes gets drunk is not necessarily an alcoholic. It is possible to abuse alcohol for a short or contained period of time without developing alcoholism. For example, some people may drink abusively during a personal crisis and then resume normal drinking. College students tend...
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...Health Services Organization Assignment #1, Health Care issues in the United States Dr. Rashida Biggs Alexander Johnson October 20, 2011 Explain how health is affected by behaviors, economics, and social structure. Imagine a world where no one smokes cigarettes. This would be an amazing phenomenon due to not only a major economic factor but the health concerns that would not be an issue. Smoking is a behavior issue that has been argued since smoking ever was introduced. This behavior began more than 400 years ago (Schuman, MD) and has continued to be a huge health concern worldwide. There is historical data on tobacco use in the United States through the US Department of Agriculture with dates as early as the 1880’s to support the consumption by US citizens. With such a behavioral issue, the health care will always have a concern due to the effects of cigarette smoke and other tobacco related products. Health issues like cancer and cardiovascular diseases are directly related to this behavior. Although the rates of the diseases listed have shown somewhat of a decline, the health issues still remain and will for some time. Alcohol and illicit drug use are other behaviors that effect the health of Americans. When citizens use drugs, alcohol or tobacco, there are behaviors that are attributed to the use of such items that effect the health of individuals. These behaviors also play a role economically in the US. It has been studied that the behaviors discussed are addictive...
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...Explain how health is affected by behaviors, economics, and social structure. Our health is affected by the factors: lifestyle and behavior. For instance, our personal decisions and behaviors might have big impact on health and the country’s economy. Lifestyle and health are directly connected regarding to practices like smoking (tobacco products), drinking (alcohol consumption), usage of illicit drugs, and sexual behavior. Cigarette and alcohol consumption has been related with many illnesses including numerous types of cancers, brain function deterioration, and intestinal disorders, besides cirrhosis of the liver and cardiovascular disease. Sexual Transmitted Disease (STD) such as gonorrhea, AIDS, syphilis, and high levels of infertility, cancer, and other complications are results of bad sexual behavior (Williams & Torrens 2008). Social and economic structure have as consequence for the decision making and patterns of behavior: violent crime, to global social dysfunction, besides many other untoward consequences likewise vehicular accidents, workplace injuries, divorce, poor job performance, poor fetal outcomes associated with fetal alcohol syndrome, spousal and child abuse are also common (Williams & Torrens 2008). Furthermore, economics and social structures affect health in the sense that a person’s ability to access quality healthcare in a timely manner is affected by whether that person can afford to pay health insurance or pay cash on his or her own and that person’s...
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... The Alaskan Native and Health Promotion In the United States in 2013 there were 11.2 million American Indians and Alaska Natives nation wide representing approx. 2% of the population. The state with the highest population percentage of natives was Alaska, with 134,361 accounting for 14.3% of the population (United States Census Bureau. 2013). It is this group that is going to be focused on now in this paper because of the unique issues and barriers that are found in attempting health promotion within this minority. Many different problems arise when attempting change in the region ranging from education levels, large cultural differences, geological isolation, and substance abuse. There is a strong and deep-seated lack of trust towards anyone who is not from the area because of past mistakes and abuses. In 1950 46% of all Alaskan native deaths were because of tuberculosis and other infectious diseases which were brought in by outsiders (Alaska Native Health Status Report. 2009). The medical profession to this day is still regarded as a possible threat instead of an asset especially by the older population. What level of health promotion prevention will work best to facilitate the changes needed in Alaskan Native health? The current health status of Alaska natives is well below the national average in a multitude of ways. It has improved markedly in the past couple of decades but still needs considerable attention. The Alaskan Native population have defined the following problems...
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...to make them semi fit his feet. Attempting to arouse him she kept calling out his name. He responded starring off into the abyss by calling out for her name asking if she was still by his bedside. An over whelming feeling of reality came to light. My client had been living in the streets with his wife up and till that moment. My thoughts at first where that he was an alcoholic or drug addict living with end stage liver cirrhosis. Drawing my own conclusions on what had landed my client at this late hour into the emergency room. I began to ascertain information on his medical history. My client had acquired hepatitis B from a blood transfusion in the early 80’s. Suffered from sickle cell anemia all his life and had debilitating arthritis that prevented him from working now. Define Caring Moment Had turned to alcohol as a pain remedy not being able to afford pricy pain prescriptions. Lost his job and family due to illness and the alcohol abuse. Had numerous attempts of attending alcoholic anonymous to stop drinking. Just to fail and resume the alcohol abuse in till he met his new wife. Ironically meeting his new wife at an alcoholic anonymous meeting. Had been married for a few years...
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...“Culture Of Violence” Artie Swift Kaplan University CJ333: Family and Domestic Violence Unit 3 Essay Professor Michael Pozesny 12/30/2013 There are several theories that can explain why domestic violence is committed. First you have to take a look into what domestic violence is and how the law relates to a theory to best describe why the domestic violence occurs and how violence or aggressive behavior is involved in the abuse of a spouse or partner. Many people that are the abusers might have a history of violence, they threaten people with violence, they might have abrupt mood changes with abuse to alcohol and drug abuse contributing to their anger. The best theory to help define domestic violence is “The Culture of Violence” playing a huge roll in shaping our youth train of thought to understand what is now acceptable in society. The culture of violence theory states that violence occurs at all levels of the social ladder and is looked at as means to straighten out a conflict. The subculture follows a set of "conduct norms", which are rules governing "the various ways in which a person might act under certain circumstances . . . the violation of which arouses a group reaction" (Wolfgang & Ferracuti, 1967: 101). The culture of violence theory considers violence and force to be used in a clash of differences between the aggressor and the potential victim. The theory believes that in order to stop an enraged male from beating on a woman on a continuous bases he...
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...Consciousness, Brain Activity, Levels of Awareness CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.2 Stages of Sleep CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.1 Consciousness and Psychology 5.3 Dreams Theories of Dreams Dreams as a Reflection of Unconscious Wishes 5.2 Sleep Biological Rhythms and Stages of Sleep Sleep Theories Effects of Sleep Deprivation Sleep Disorders Insomnia Sleep Apnea Narcolepsy Parasomnias CRITICAL THINKING APPLICATION Dreams as Interpreted Brain Activity Dream Contents CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 5.3 Theories of Dreams 5 Learning Objectives States of Consciousness 5.1 5.2 Define consciousness. Describe how consciousness relates to psychology. Describe the changes in brain wave activity that occur during the different stages of sleep. Understand why sleep deprivation is harmful. Understand why deep sleep is important. Understand why REM sleep is important. Describe some common sleep disorders. 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Describe the two main theories of dreams. Explain the two theories of hypnosis. Discuss the effects and benefits of meditation. List and describe the four categories of psychoactive drugs. Describe the effects of psychoactive drugs on the nervous system. 5.4 Hypnosis Critical Thinking About Hypnosis Theories of Hypnosis Altered State of Consciousness Role Playing Divided Consciousness 5.6 Drug Use Mechanism of Action of Psychoactive Drugs Depressants Alcohol Narcotics/Opiates Summary of Multiple Influences on Consciousness CONCEPT...
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...Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Introduction Alcoholism is a disease in which an individual continues to crave for alcohol despite of repeated alcohol-related problems. The signs of alcoholism and alcohol abuse are very similar, and are often just a question of degree or intensity. Typically, the last person to be aware that he/she has a serious drinking problem is the alcoholic himself/herself - they are in denial. Some signs and symptoms of alcoholism as well as alcohol abuse include, drinking alone, not being able to limit how much alcohol is consumed, dropping hobbies and activities the person used to enjoy; losing interest in them, feeling an urge to drink, having relationship problems, having problems with the law, having money problems, and requiring a larger quantity of alcohol to feel its effect (Videbeck, 2007). Alcoholism does not only affect the adults. According to Sociological theory, alcoholism is a learned response. This often happens at a young age. A child may see things around them or on TV of people drinking and they tend to believe that is the right thing to do. This addiction is primarily believed to be because of society's influences. This often will affect persons who mostly drink in groups. This theory is based more on the peer pressure a person might receive, so they often turn to alcohol drinking problems during college years. Moreover, it has become a public health concern because of its effect on the future of a child. The goal of the...
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...Health Economics Abstract Studies, research, and conclusions on the effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programs are numerous. However, there does not appear to be a single answer or even a manageable set of solutions for how to effectively and efficiently treat those suffering the ill effects of substance abuse. This paper aims to make the case that the most effective way to deal with this problem is to attack it at the source, by trying to eliminate, or at the very least disrupt, the supply of illicit drugs available for purchase and consumption. The attempt to make this case is done by pointing out the mixed results of previous substance abuse treatment programs and by using systems theory to explain why the complexity of treatment options makes it difficult to accurately evaluate such programs. The Economic Impact on Substance Abuse The effect of substance abuse on the United States economy is astronomical. Consider that in 2004, almost a tenth of the nation’s population ages 12 and older were classified with substance abuse or dependence disorders (Morgan & Crane, 2010). The issue is so complex, in fact, it is nearly impossible to put an accurate price tag on the impact. If one focuses solely on the economic impact of this epidemic, one would have to calculate numerous costs. People who abuse and are addicted to illicit drugs spend hundreds and thousands of dollars to feed their habit, which is money that could be spent in more productive ways...
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...P2: Explain the potential effects of five different life factors, on the development of an individual. These are the five life factors on the development of an individual Genetic Biological Environmental Socioeconomic Lifestyle 1: Genetic – Psoriasis. My mother inherited Psoriasis from her mother. What is Psoriasis? Psoriasis is a common skin problem affecting about 2% of the population. It occurs equally in men and women, at any age, and tends to come and go unpredictably. It is not infectious, and does not scar the skin. There is more likely to be a family history of psoriasis in people who get it when they are young than in those who develop it when they are old. A child with one parent with psoriasis has roughly a 1 in 4 chance of developing psoriasis too. If one of a pair of twins has psoriasis, the other twin has a 70% chance of having it too if the twins are identical, but only a 20% chance if the twins are not identical.ihiu8ggoyf Treatments fall into three categories: topical – creams and ointments that are applied to your skin phototherapy – your skin is exposed to certain types of ultraviolet light systemic – oral and injected medications that work throughout the entire body My mother finds it difficult to wear short sleeve tops as she doesn’t like the way that her skin appears. Its can also cause my mum some pain (burning sensations, itching and flakey skin). My mother has had this since she was a child and has been to see her GP who...
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...Classroom Behavioural Strategies and Interventions 5. CLASSROOM BEHAVIOURAL STRATEGIES AND INTERVENTIONS This section will • • • examine classroom techniques for addressing behavioural issues explain the process and strategies for working with behavioural concerns provide examples of the positive strategies and resources available to address behaviour Before anything else, This section will focus on classroom strategies and interventions that address the discipline/behavioural challenges of students who are alcohol-affected. It is getting ready is the important to remember that these students have permanent neurological damage secret of success. that will make changing behaviour difficult. Some of the behaviour management strategies used with other students may not be successful for the child who is alcohol-affected. Unique and individual interventions are more important than any prescribed behaviour program. Some examples of useful interventions include building relationships, adapting the environment, managing sensory stimulation, changing communication strategies, providing prompts and cues, using a teach, review, and reteach process, and developing social skills. The classroom teacher needs to ensure acceptance for all students in the classroom. Teachers’ actions that can promote acceptance include • choosing learning materials to represent all groups of students • ensuring that all students can participate in extra activities • valuing, respecting, and talking about...
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...In this essay, I will explain the theory and processes of learning from Honey and Mumford and Kolb and also the key influences of the personal learning processes of individuals. Learning is a process by which we gain knowledge and skills. The process of learning starts in early experiences as a small child and then continues through formal education and academic study or training. Learning is not only limited to formal education but also continues informally throughout your life. Most health and social care workers are expected to support the learning of other staff as a routine aspect of their work. Two of the most known theories linked to learning are Kolb’s experimental learning cycle (1984) and Honey and Mumford’s. David Kolb first published his learning styles models in 1984 from which he developed his learning style inventory. His experimental learning cycle helps us to understand how adults learn. According to Kolb, the way in which people learn are called their cognitive abilities. This means the ways in which an individual thinks by using their own knowledge and experiences. He suggested that during adolescence and early adulthood, we develop our own preferences in the way in which we process information and use it to make sense of our experiences. Kolb’s experiential learning cycle is represented by a four stage learning cycle: 1. Concrete experience – this is the ‘doing’ stage where you carry out or participate in an action 2. Reflective observation – reviewing...
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...between Human and Other Elements. 6 2.3 Factors Affecting Performances 6 2.3.1 Fitness and Health 5 2.3.2 Stress 7 2.3.3 Workload 10 2.3.4 Sleep 13 2.3.5 Circadian Rhythms 15 2.3.6 Fatigue & Shift Work 17 2.3.7 Alcohol, Medication and Drug Abuse 23 2.3 FACTOR AFFECTING PERFORMANCE 32 2.4 TYPES OF ERROR IN AVIATION 36 2.5 MANAGING ERROR IN AVIATION 36 CHAPTER 3 : CONTENTS 38 CHAPTER 4 : RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION 42 REFRENCES 43 CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION Errors are the result of actions that fail to generate the intended outcomes. In common with most other complex technical activities, human error is implicated in the majority of aviation-maintenance-related quality lapses, incidents, and accidents. General estimates of this human error contribution have increased over the years, from a low of around 20% in the 1960s to values in excess of 80% in the 1990s. Human error in aviation is somewhat of a sensitive topic due to the recent tragic events of September 11, 2001. The goal of this research is to understand human error in aviation, in order to understand how designing better computer systems can assist in making the aviation industry safer for pilots and passengers, by reducing human error. This paper does not attempt to address accidents caused by cowardly acts of terrorism. Many people do not know that on February 20, 1981 a modern...
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...A HISTORY OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE IN AMERICA Written by: Tammy L. Anderson To appear in: Harrison, L., Anderson, T., Martin, S., and Robbins, C. Drug and Alcohol Use in Social Context. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing -1- A HISTORY OF DRUGS AND ALCOHOL IN THE UNITED STATES Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to review the history of drug use and its social control in the United States so that students can gain an improved and thorough understanding of today’s problems and policies. Our approach to this matter is sociological, i.e., exploring how the interconnection between culture, social institutions, groups, and individuals function to create drug-related phenomena. A sociological approach integrates many kinds of social, cultural, political, and economic factors that manifest themselves in everyday life. While pharmacology helps us comprehend how specific drugs impact brain activity, sociology can inform us about the social roots of drugrelated behaviors which ultimately shape beliefs and behavior and motivate social policy. Therefore, a review of drug use in the U.S. and the social response to it must consider many diverse phenomena. This broader framework will move us beyond domestic borders and into the international community, for the history of drug abuse is an international, socio-political marvel. Another idea warrants mentioning before we begin our history lesson. It centers on the idea that drug use and abuse are socially constructed...
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...explores the transformation of the Juvenile Justice System over the past century and how it impacts today’s youth. Juvenile delinquency has become a well-known phenomenon as youth have taken experimentation and violence to a new level. More adolescents are being diagnosed with medical disorders while many find themselves not having the means to access the proper treatment. Family and moral standards are not as they were a century ago and the economic strain of today can make it difficult for children to develop the necessary skills to transition through their developmental stages. Chaos, confusion and loss of identity play a significant role in many of the adolescents that find themselves in contact with the Juvenile Justice System. New interventions for these adolescents are greatly needed to improve not only their own well being, but to create a prosperous community. Juvenile Reentry Juveniles are released from institutions across the country everyday, but many do not have the knowledge required to make permanent changes for themselves, their families, and their communities. The first Juvenile Court in the United States was established in Cook County, Illinois in 1899 and within 25 years all but two states had established separate juvenile justice systems. The Juvenile Court of Chicago became the model for the various state juvenile justice systems that followed it. “This doctrine was used to explain the state’s interest in distinguishing between adults and children in its dispensation...
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