...Contemporary Theories of Motivation Introduction Understanding people’s perceptions, attitudes, motivations and behaviours is extremely important for achieving both managerial and organisational effectiveness. To get the very best out of people in work settings, managers constantly need knowledge about the behaviour of individuals and groups in organisations; they also need to be aware of the organisational and environmental variables that can potentially affect human behaviour. They need to understand, anticipate, modify and improve behaviours that are organizationally meaningful and relevant. The contribution of people, through their motivation and commitment, and dedicated behaviour towards the goals and objectives of the organisation, remain the single most important factor in making organisations better and more effective. Some people like their jobs and work harder as well as smarter. They are also very proud of the organizations for which they work. Other people simply dislike their jobs and would do anything just to avoid working. They would also prefer, if given the choice, to leave the organization. Motivation is the willingness to exert high levels of effort to organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need. This need is the internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive. Motivation is also the process that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal...
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...Organizational Behaviour Book Notes Chapter 1 Learning Objectives: 1. Define organizations and describe their basic characteristics. Organization – social inventions for accomplishing common goals through group effort. * Social inventions – coordinated presence of people or a group of people * Goal accomplishment * Group effort – organizations depend on interaction and coordination among people to accomplish their goals. * Organizations are social inventions for accomplishing common goals through group efforts. 2. Explain the concept of organizational behaviour and describe the goals of the field. Organizational Behaviour – the attitudes and behaviours of individuals and groups in organizations. * The field of organizational behaviour is about understanding people and managing them to work effectively. * The field of organizational behaviour is concerned with how organizations can survive and adapt to change. i. Certain behaviours are necessary for survival and adaptation: 1. they have to be motivated to join and remain in the organization; 2. carry out their basic work reliably, in terms of productivity, quality, and service; 3. be flexible to continuously learn and upgrade their knowledge and skills; and 4. be flexible and innovative. * The field of organizational behaviour is concerned with how to get people to practice...
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...a)Organisational behaviour Organisation is everywhere around us and people are the main recourse of an organization. today’s competitive business environment understanding the people who working in an organization is not less important then its overall success .organisational behaviour is concern with the behaviour of the people working within the company. It is the understanding of an individual or a group of people in order to help organizational improvement and its effectiveness Organisational behaviour and management theory are closely related. the activity of the people in an organization can not isolated from the role of management (Rollinson,2005) b)Importance of organisational behaviour Organisation are created by people and its missions are also set by people . People who run an organization are always trying to adopt themselves with the changing environment of the organization and often influence the organization by new skill and development .as people and organization are closely related they are learning from each other .the external forces such competition ,political, cultural environment are also help organization to learn new technical skill and communication. poet Samuel Butler said that “ any full can paint a picture but it takes a wise man to sell the picture” the skill of a Wiseman is worthless without the hard work of the fool people from this we can realize that how important it is for the manager to understand the organisational behaviour For...
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...Diploma in Business Completion date 10.10.2013 Assessor name U KAUNG MYAT HTUT Submitted on 10.10.2013 Unit number and title Unit 2- Organisations and Behaviour H/601/0551 Assignment Report on Organizations and their Behaviour title In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found. Criteria referenc e 1.1 To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the student is able to: Compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture Explain how the relationship between an organisation`s structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business Discuss the factors which influence individual behaviour at work Explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of management Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organisations Compare the effectiveness of leadership styles Discuss the impact that leadership styles may have on motivation in organisations in periods of change Compare different motivational theories Task no. 1 Evidence 3-4 1.2 1 4-5 1.3 2 5 2.2 2 6 2.3 3 6 2.1 4 7-8 3.1 4 8-10 3.2 8-10 3.3 Evaluate the usefulness of motivation theory for managers Explain the nature of groups and group behaviour within organisation Discuss factors that may promote or inhibit the development of the effective teamwork Evaluate the impact of technology on team...
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...ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR MBA 1.2 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR SYLLABUS UNIT 1 Introduction to Organisational Behaviour, Meaning; Elements; Need; Approaches; Models; Global scenario. UNIT 2 Individual Behaviour; Personality; Learning; Attitudes; Perception; Motivation; Ability; Their relevant organizational behaviour. UNIT 3 Group dynamics; Group norms; Group cohesiveness; Group Behance to organizational behaviour. UNIT 4 Leadership Styles; Qualities; Organisational communication; Meaning importance, process, barriers; Methods to reduce barriers; Principle of effective communication. UNIT 5 Stress; Meaning; Types; Sources; Consequences; Management of stress. Power and Politics; Definition; Types of Powers; Sources; Characteristics; Effective use of Power. UNIT 6 Organisational Dynamics; Organisational design; Organisational effectiveness; Meaning, approaches; Organisational culture; Meaning, significance; Organisational Climate; Implications on organizational behaviour. Organisational Change; Meaning; Nature; Causes of change; Resistance of change; Management of change; Organisational development; Meaning; OD Interventions. REFERENCE BOOKS 1. Fred Luthans, Organisational Behaviour, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1995. 2. Stephen P. Bobbins, Organisational Behaviour, Prentice Hall, 1997. 3. Keith Davis, Human Behaviour at Wor/c,.-M.cGraw Hill Book Co., 1991. 4. Gregory Moorehead and R.S. Griffin, Organisational...
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...According to expectancy theory, this is a theory that relates to motivation and it explains how an individual tends to choose their actions by a given outcome in order to obtain a result that they have expected. An individual is especially motivated to act or not to act at some ways if the consequences of doing so are desirable. "The basic idea behind the theory is that people will be motivated because they believe that their decision will lead to their desired outcome" (Redmond, 2009). The expectancy theory that is used in an organization, consideration can apply in within two assumptions that lead to rewards, an individual’s expectation and the belief of each action made will always goes to the reward system. This is to analyze the motivations of the employee and this is use of the design subject method. By using the expectancy theory, an organization tends to get to know of the importance’s of indicating appreciation for the employee’s performance. As a result, the employees will work better and show more trust and loyalty towards an organization. There are three components in Vroom’s Expectancy Theory as mentioned below and is usually applied in a workplace (Isaac, R.G, 2001). People often asked these three questions and all three perception will work.(Vroom,2009) The first question that relates to expectancy will be whether an individual believes that the greater the efforts will lead to prospective outcomes. The second question that normally will pop up is that to which...
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...organizational structure is an important theme. The two can be difficult to clearly distinguish from one another, and even more so to clearly define within an institution. Organizational structure works within an organizational culture, but it is not completely separate. The two are very much intertwined. Organizational culture is more of a larger picture, a more general term that refers to a large umbrella of smaller topics and issues within an organization. The structure refers to the infrastructure and the various methods and practices within that infrastructure. That helps an organizational culture run with the efficiency and consistency which should be the hallmark of any healthy organizational structure, whether it is in a corporation, sports team, or any other set up that is large enough to create its own organizational culture. This makes the structure an integral part of any organizational culture, but also narrows out a very specific segment of the culture as its own responsibility. Organizational structure will deal primarily with the set up of the culture. How management works, which specific responsibilities supervisors have, how a complaint is passed through the ranks-these are all issues within the organizational culture that are directly tied to how an organizational structure works. The structure is not limited to those three examples, but it would certainly include all of them. Another common way to describe how structure works is to say that organizational structure...
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...------------------------------------------------- Organisations & bEhaviour UNDERSTANDING WAYS OF USING MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES AND THE MECHANISMS FOR DEVELOPING TEAMWORK IN ORGANISATIONS Contents Terms of reference 2 Procedure of method 2 Identify ways of improving motivation 2 Identify ways of developing effective teamwork 4 Identify and discuss factors that may promote or inhibit effective teamwork 6 Links between culture, management style and organisational objectives and the impact of the organisations structure, culture and leadership style have on the performance at Tesco. 9 References 11 Identify ways of improving motivation Tesco recognises that employee motivation is important for the continued growth of the company. Tesco could get employees do a survey every yearly which would give them the chance to express their views and opinions on almost every aspect of their job. The results from the survey could help Tesco make sure it is offering the right things to its staff to keep them motivated. Employees at Tesco want to be recognised when they are doing some well. This will help motivate them and they will also feel appreciated. It could be something as little as employers saying ‘Thank you’. BPP Learning Media, (2010)” Motivation is the process by which the behaviour of an individual is influenced by others, through their power to offer or withhold satisfaction of the individual’s needs and goals.” George n, root I (2012) states “Workplace motivation can be broken down into two...
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...Categories > Business & Finance > What is motivation explain maslows theory of motivation? What is motivation explain maslows theory of motivation? In: Business & Finance, Human Behavior, Psychological Disciplines [Edit categories] Distance Learning MBAwww.regenesys.co.zaAchieve an exclusive MBA, or BBA through E-Learning 011 669 5000 Zimbabwe Classifiedswww.classifieds.co.zwproperty, cars, jobs, computers, dating, travel, hardware, furniture Ads Answer: Maslow's Theory of Motivation - Hierarchy of Needs In 1943, Dr. Abraham Maslow 's article "A Theory of Human Motivation " appeared in Psychological Review, which were further expanded upon in his book: Toward a Psychology of Being In this article, Abraham H. Maslow attempted to formulate a needs-based framework of human motivation and based upon his clinical experiences with people, rather than as did the prior psychology theories of his day from authors such as Freud and B.F. Skinner, which were largely theoretical or based upon animal behavior. From this theory of motivation, modern leaders and executive managers find means of motivation for the purposes of employee and workforce management. Abraham Maslow's book Motivation and Personality (1954), formally introduced the Hierarchy of Needs. The basis of Maslow's motivation theory is that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower factors need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. According to Maslow, there are general...
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...Managing Human Resources Introduction In the essay, I will firstly discuss the relationships between perception, motivation and behaviour in relation to the work of the human resource manager in an organisation. In order to do this I will briefly introduce each subject, comment on the linkages that exist between each of them and comment on the critical aspects of each that HRMs need to understand in order to be effective. I will then discuss the management of perception. Human resources management is one of the most dynamic and challenging area of management (Bratton & Gold, 1999). Each individual has its own set of standard which clearly defines his or her personality .This can be influenced by the origin of culture and tradition mind set. In an organization structure perception, motivation and behaviour are three fundamental elements that lead to strong implementation of organization structure. The human resource department must have the mechanism to manage the three fundamental elements. If they are not managed properly it can have an adverse impact on the organization strategy. According to Leopold & Harris (2009) the foundation of human resource management is based on the five areas: • Staffing - Recruiting the right person with the right qualification, skills and experience to key positions. • Development and training - Development and training programme to ensure that staff has the right knowledge and skills to keep up with new development taking place in the working...
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...Explain analytically, how motivation theories could help managers elicit ‘discretionary effort’ from employees. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples of HR practices. One of the most interesting fields of study in human resource management is that of motivation. Researchers have always tried to determine what motivates people's actions and, as a result, different motivation theories have emerged. But before these theories are examined, it should be made clear what motivation means. Lots of academics, including Beardwell and Clayton(2007), define motivation as willingness to exert effort for the realization of specific goals. When a person is motivated, his behaviour is based upon his or her individual needs. Many different factors affect human behaviour, so motivation could be described as a psychological process between the individual and the environment. According to Steers(1996), motivation is extremely important for understanding organizational behaviour. Herzberg also notes that specific attention should be turned to motivation, as it plays an essential part in work organizations. However, human behaviour varies from person to person, which means that people are often motivated by completely different factors. This variation in motivational variables means that it is difficult for managers to predict exact human behaviour or to manipulate employee's psychological willingness. That is the reason why there is no one best motivation theory or framework that can...
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...structure and culture, examine different approaches to management and leadership and theories of organization, examine the relationship between motivational theories and demonstrate an understanding of working with others, teamwork, groups and group dynamics of two different organization. Executive Summary It is essential to comprehend the way in which the enterprises operate regarding organisation’s design and lifestyle and the way these types of features affect the actual efficiency from the organisation in the business industry. This particular research will target those activities connected with Hewlett-Packard (HP) and Apple regarding their design and lifestyle and also the variables affecting individual behaviour at work. It will likewise decrease the character connected with organizations and social behaviour from the enterprises and will measured the elements that may support or restrain the improvement of successful cooperation in the organizations. Similarly, It will also assess the power of technology on team implementation within the associations to achieve its goal-seeking accomplishments that can encourage people to deliver their best strengths within the organization. 1.1 Compare and contrast different organizational structure and culture Organizational structure is the form of an organization that is evident in the way divisions, departments, functions, and people join together and interact while on the other hand the organization’s culture is an...
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...MODULE NAME: MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR PROGRAMME: MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION SURNAME: LUKHELE FIRST NAMES: JOSEPH BHEKI STUDENT NUMBER: E-MAIL ADDRESS: lukheleb@moseskotane.com ALTERNATIVE E-MAIL: lukheleb@moseskotane.com POSTAL ADDRESS: CONTACTS: (Home): I hereby confirm that the assignment submitted herein is my own original work. ------------------------------------------------- Signature of Student……………………………………Date:……………………………… For office use only: Date scanned and returned to student……………………………………………………. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. Question 1 Motivation 2 1.1 Lessons about staff motivation 2 1.2 Details of motivation theory 3 2. Question 2 Conflict and negotiations 4 2.1 Identification of conflicts 4 2.2 Overall nature of conflict 5 2.3 Possible ways of dealing with conflict 6 2.4 Best way to resolve the conflict 8 2.5 Avoiding a conflict 10 3. Question 3: The Perils of Leadership 11 3.1 “Experts cannot agree if leadership is a trait, a characteristic, a role, a style, or an ability” 11 3.1.1 Definition of leadership 11 3.1.2 Strengths and weaknesses of the trait theories of leadership 11 3.2 Contingency leadership theories 13 3.3 Contention that sometimes leadership is irrelevant 20 4. Question 4: Groups and Teams 22 4.1 Identify and explain groups or teams 22 4.2 Lessons learnt from work experience 23 ...
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...the argument for and against the structures of Tarmac and enterprise. Understanding an organisation means understanding its culture (Open university, website) Organisation culture can be define as a group of specific elements, these elements are the foundation and roots of this specific group its beliefs, values, norms, language, symbols, effort, reward, rites, myths. These elements of Organisation culture can be classified according to (D Rollinson, Organisational Behaviour and analyses) as internal and external elements that have worked well to be considered valuable. based on his analyses; other disciplines may be involved such as anthropology, sociology and social psychology, his argument was based on the pattern of behaviours and ways that people do communicate and interact, so organisation’s culture are carried in people’s minds. He illustrated (page 539) Shein’s layered conceptualisation of culture, the diagram shows on first level the basic assumption of the individuals and the firm and the decision makers and on the layer above values and beliefs, honesty, basic of reward, effort and trust and last is the external level of the artefacts and creations which covers norms and language, myths, stories, taboos, symbols. Various types of organisation culture: From the previous approach we can extract the two elements that may have a big impact on the organisation’s culture; internal and external elements. So the Four Types of Organisational Culture are: Environmental...
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...culture |Report | |AC 1.1 |Compare and contrast different organisational structures and cultures | | |AC 1.2 |Explain how the relationship between an organisation’s structure and culture| | | |can impact on the performance of the business. | | |AC 1.3 |Discuss the factors which influence individual behaviour at work. | | | | | | | | | | | | |Learning Outcome 2 |Understand different approaches to management and leadership |Report | |AC 2.1 | Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different | | | |organizations |...
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