...Nomic is a game created in 1982 by philosopher Peter Suber in which the rules of the game include mechanisms for the players to change those rules, usually beginning through a system of democratic voting.[1] Nomic is a game in which changing the rules is a move. In that respect it differs from almost every other game. The primary activity of Nomic is proposing changes in the rules, debating the wisdom of changing them in that way, voting on the changes, deciding what can and cannot be done afterwards, and doing it. Even this core of the game, of course, can be changed. —Peter Suber, the creator of Nomic, The Paradox of Self-Amendment, Appendix 3, p. 362. Nomic actually refers to a large number of games based on the initial ruleset laid out by Peter Suber in his book The Paradox of Self-Amendment. (The ruleset was actually first published in Douglas Hofstadter's column Metamagical Themas in Scientific American in June 1982.[2] The column discussed Suber's then-upcoming book, which was published some years later.) The game is in some ways modeled on modern government systems, and demonstrates that in any such system where rule-changes are possible, a situation may arise in which the resulting laws are contradictory or insufficient to determine what is in fact legal. Because the game models (and exposes conceptual questions about) a legal system and the problems of legal interpretation, it is named after νόμος (nomos), Greek for "law". While the victory condition in Suber's initial...
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...impact on it by changing the rules. E- “The college game was under attack for causing too many severe injuries and deaths, and football rule makers tossed around ideas for reforming play to make it compelling, yet safer, including the adoption of what we have come to know as the “forward pass”. Camp worried that aerial play would compromise the one-on-one confrontations of football that, for him, were the essence of the game. Nevertheless, he conceded variations of the forward pass to get the rule maker to agree to his “down and distance” principle, which required the offense to advance ten yards in four tires or surrender possessions.” A-Camp is the most significant figure in the creation of the NFL because he made variations of the forward pass in order to get his first downs, which changed the game to what it has come to be now. Camp made the first, second and third downs and on the fourth down you must surrender possession of the ball. Camp's ideas were not as popular at the time, but with his perseverance and determination he was able to make a significant contribution to the NFL. It is very clear that Camp made the structure and rules of football in the article. Camp used variations of the forward pass to show his yards and placement of where the ball stopped. A forward...
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...wonderful game. Throughout history the games has changed in so many ways. Even though it has changed the principle of the game stayed the same and is still loved by people. James Naismith the creator of basketball was born and raised in Canada and the United States. Naismith went to college at McGill University in Montreal, where he became involved in athletics. He graduated in 1887 and was in the top ten percent of his class. Naismith was able to watch the game of basketball become a worldwide sport and watch the sport change from people throwing a ball into a basketball to players competing at a high level. He lived to watch first Olympic basketball game in Berlin in 1936. Naismith also was the athletic director at the University of Kansas and worked there for thirty-nine years (“Basketball,” 2007, pp. 69-72) (George, 2013, pp. 690-691). In 1891 Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick asked James Naismith to create a new indoor game, which was different from gymnastics and calisthenics. When the game was first created, players would bounce a soccer ball and pass it to try and score points by throwing a ball into a raised goal. That winter Naismith decided to create thirteen rules to set guidelines for the players. All the students who played the game wanted it to be called “Naismith Ball,” but he chose to call it basketball. Then championships were created and started to outburst in the country, while thew first was played in New York, 1908 (Applin II, 2001). Once the game was...
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...Did you know that a hit by a college football player these days can cause a serious injury or maybe even death? The targeting rule in college football makes an attempt to prevent these kind of hits. The targeting rule's only intent is to make the game safer for the players and the players' future. One hit above the neck on someone who cannot defend themselves could and a player's future. The targeting rule in college football should be kept due to player safety and player health. College officials and the rule itself have proven that the targeting rule makes the game safer. Johnson states, "the rule, passed by the Football Rules Committee in February and approved by Playing Rules Oversight Panel in March, addresses the committee's concern...
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...The name of the game was changed in 1896 when a bystander observed that the hits of the players were almost more of volleys, and perhaps volleyball would be a better fitting name. 1. Volleyball was made by the YMCA, or young men’s Christian association, as a more relaxed sport that the elders could enjoy without requiring as much physical contact. As stated by volleyball.org, it was intended to blend elements of basketball, tennis, handball, and baseball. What is volleyball one might ask? II. The definition of volleyball from volleyball1on1.com states that volleyball is a sport that consists of two teams of six players competing over a net to try to score points by landing the ball on the opposition’s court under a set of rules. A. Some of your basic rules given by volleyballadvisors.com include: i. having six players on the court at all times, three of the players in front row, and the other three in the back row ii. maximum of three touches per side before the ball must be returned to the opposing side iii. the ball is legally played off of any body part of a player iv. the ball is legally played out of the net, so long as the player does not touch the...
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...In the article “When Theodore Roosevelt Saved Football” by Bruce Watson, the authors’ main purpose for the article is to inform the audience about how the 26th president of the united states changed football. The game of football that we have grown to love today, used to be very deadly. In today's era you see pro-football players suiting up in what some may say full body armor, which consists of a helmet, hip pads, shoulder and chest pads, and much more. But back in the early 1900s they didn't have that luxury. Their helmets were just leather and their padding was very flimsy. Forty-Five people died playing football whether on college or high school fields during Roosevelt's first term. In the act to help the game that was being under attack...
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...The history behind the game “volleyball’ traces back to the ideas of William G. Morgan. Morgan was born in January 23, 1870 in Lockport New York. He was the son of Nancy Chatfield and George Henry Morgan. His parents sent him to public school, so he could get an education, however he mainly focused on the sports programs the school offered. He met James A. Naismith and became friends with him, little did he know that within four years Naismith would invent the sport of basketball. Naismith thought that Morgan has the potential to become a good athlete, so he encouraged him to try and get into the International Young Men’s Christian Association Training School. Morgan went to the school, and after his graduation he was offered a job position...
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...Barnga Game Learning 1. What were some of your greatest frustrations during the “game”? The rules changed with every Group and there was no effective way to communicate the differences among the new team mates. As soon as the team came on the same page in terms of understanding of rules, members had to move to a new team and we had to start the whole process again. Since, rules provide structure in order to make the job easier the lack of effective communication became very frustrating. 2. What were some of your greatest successes during the “game”? After moving to a new team, I was able to understand their rules and organization very quickly. It was in the beginning itself that I realized in order to perform efficiently I would have need to use my adaptability skills to the maximum. For instance, when I moved to a new team with my cards and the new rules I won a number of games, hence adaptability proved a key attribute in my success and understanding. 3. What did you learned about yourself during the simulation regarding your ability to adapt? I learned that I am efficient at learning from the surroundings and even without a communication medium I avoided and resolved as many conflicts as possible. I also learned that in order to be an effective team, members should respect each others' background and knowledge. In terms of resolving conflicts the team should try to avoid arguments and focus on a way to resolve the conflicts. 4. What does the game experience...
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...was suitable to play inside during the cold winters. He needed a game that could be played indoors in a relatively small space. Naismith invented the game of basketball. The first game was played with a soccer ball and two peach baskets used as baskets. The problem with this was every time one of the teams scored the ball was stuck in the basket, so eventually they cut the bottom of the baskets so the ball would go through. After becoming more popular basketball was played as a professional level. Different leagues were created such as the Basketball Association of America (BAA), National Basketball League (NBL), American Basketball Association (ABA), and the most recent, the National Basketball Association (NBA). Many critics and fans around the world call the NBA the greatest show on earth. No other league around the world brings what the NBA’s game has brought every season to its spectators. The greatest plays, games, dunks, players, and great passion for basketball, are reasons why the fans keep watching. Fans of other sports associations such as the Federation of International Basketball Association may not notice any changes at all, but the NBA’s style of playing has changed dramatically through the years. NBA basketball has usually kept its popularity with great stylish plays by the players in the league. The changes occurred when players such as Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, and Magic Johnson changed the game during the 1980′s to a guard domination style (in the past the...
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...Andre Cathcart Mrs. Kenney C Block History 4 May 2017 Research Paper Sports is one of the world's main entertainments. The fact that baseball has changed very much to become what it is today,just for the players and the fans. During tough times at war or any tough time at all baseball has been there for its country. There for Baseball is Considered to be America's favorite pastime because it is a homegrown sport that has continued to provide entertainment during difficult times. Baseball has been changed many times over the years, mostly for safety, but some for core rules and structure of the game. For instance “helmets were added into the game of baseball around all leagues for safety in 1956.” (McCloud, 22) Baseball today is a sport...
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...The Art of Love, written by Ovid, was a set of three books, the first being a guide or rule book on how to “pick-up” women and the second book a rule book on how to keep the woman you have or “caught” satisfied and interested in you. The third and final book that he wrote was written for women on what to do to catch and keep a man, since he felt it was only fair for women to also be “armed” when it comes to picking- up men. The rules that Ovid describes in The Art of Love are similar to the rules that most people follow in the “cruising and catching” game because they are effective and produce results, although not all the rules described in Ovid’s book are still used, a great majority of them are and have not changed after so many years. My overall perception for Ovid’s poem would be that of surprise. I would describe it as surprising because the “moves” that were implemented thousands of years ago are still very accurate and being used today. What Ovid’s poem tells me is that the “game” between men and women has not changed even though men and women have. Although most of the rules that Ovid writes about are now common sense in the dating world, such as choosing the best place to meet women just as fishermen know the best places to cast their nets to catch fish, and are followed by everyone. Ovid’s poem must have been written by experiences that he had and by the experiences that yielded the best results. In order for him to write a poem that describes what goes on today...
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...INTRODUCTION The managing of our factory at Littlefield Technologies thought us Production and Operations Management techniques outside the classroom. We experienced live examples of forecasting and capacity management as we moved along the game. Throughout the game our strategy was to apply the topic leant in Productions and Operation Management Class to balance our overall operations. The game started off by us exploring our factory and ascertaining what were the do’s and don’ts. The initial goal of the goal was to correlate the Re Order Point with the Customer Order Queue. To forecast Demand we used Regression analysis. We looked and analyzed the Capacity of each station and the Utilization of same. The team ascertained our job completion and our Lead Time. Our strategy throughout the stimulation was to balance our work station and reduce the bottleneck. PRIOR TO THE GAME The team consulted and decided on the name of the team that would best suit the team. With much anticipation we reviewed all the literate that was provided subsequently to assist us in decision making at Littlefield Technologies. DAY 1 (8 OCTOBER 3013) Data was extracted from “plot job arrival “and analyzed. The information was used to calculate the forecast demand using the regression analysis. The next step was to calculate the Economic Order Point (EOP) and Re Order Point (ROP) was also calculated. A discussion ensued and we decided to monitor our revenue on this day. The strategy yield a...
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...OM – II Assignment LITTLEFIELD TECHNOLOGIES A report submitted to Prof. Subhamoy Ganguly On 23/01/2014 By Group 7B Aparna Sagar/ Mayank Sengar/ Preeti Kumari/ Rajeev Ranjan/ Vaibhav Arora Indian Institute of Management Udaipur Littlefield Technologies – Our Gameplay Initial Game Strategy: The team met, the day before the game was about to start, to prepare a strategy based on the learning that we had while playing the demo version of the game. We had realized that the machines in Station 1 and Station 3 were operating at full capacity (i.e.100% utilization) when the demand was high. As a result, inventories were queuing up right before these two stations. We thought of buying both the machines but due to cash constraints we could afford to buy only one. We decided that our first move would be to buy a Station 1 machine. We decided that we would look at the lead time and then decide which one of the three contracts we should opt for. We also discussed the safety stock level that should be kept and the amount of quantity to be ordered (i.e. reorder quantity). Since the lead time of supplier was 4 days we decided that based on the average number of jobs we would keep the safety stock value. The Strategy and the Steps Carried out: Step 1: On Day 61 we bought the machine of Station 1 with $90,000. We saw that we were getting a lead time of about 2.3 days hence we chose Contract 1, in which we would receive $750 for completing the orders in minimum 7 days and maximum...
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...| | HOT NEWS... Just Released - NEW Badminton Training Program, Is it Any Good? Read All About it Here | | Basic Badminton RulesLearn the Basic Badminton Rules and you can start to enjoy the game. | Of course if you intend to play competitively, it's important that you know all of the badminton rules. For social and leisure purposes, I think this will do. Introduction Before the 2006 Thomas/ Uber Cup, the official scoring format was the 15 points format. The IBF (International Badminton Federation) then tested a new scoring format which is the 21 points rally format in the 2006 Thomas/Uber Cup. This 21 points rally format has since become the official one replacing the 15 points format. 15 Points Format There are a lot of people who still prefer the old format. So I have listed down the basic badminton rules for this format here if you have this preference. - To win a match, you have to win 2 out of 3 games. - To win a game, you have to score 15 points for men and 11 points for women. - If the score becomes 14-all (10-all in women's singles), the side which first scored 14 (10) shall exercise the choice to continue the game to 15 (11) points or to 'set' the game to 17 (13) points. - If you win a rally in which your opposition served, you win back the service rights. - Only the serving side can add a point to its score. - You score a point when your opponent could not return the shuttle or the shuttle he/she returns fall out of bounds. - In...
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...of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football. Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal and/or run over a line. American football resulted from several major divergences from rugby, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, considered the "Father of American Football". Among these important changes were the introduction of the line of scrimmage and of down-and-distance rules.[1][2][3] In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, gameplay developments by college coaches such as Eddie Cochems, Amos Alonzo Stagg, Knute Rockne, and Glenn "Pop" Warner helped take advantage of the newly introduced forward pass. The popularity of college football grew as it became the dominant version of the sport in the United States for the first half of the 20th century. Bowl games, a college football tradition, attracted a national audience for college teams. Boosted by fierce rivalries, college football still holds widespread appeal in the US. The origin of professional football can be traced back to 1892, with William "Pudge" Heffelfinger's $500 contract to play in a game for the Allegheny Athletic Association against the Pittsburgh Athletic Club. In 1920 the American Professional Football Association was formed. This league changed its name to the National Football League (NFL) two years later, and eventually became the major league...
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