...Factors Affecting Typhoon Table of Contents Introduction …………………………………………………………………… 1 Factors That Affects Typhoon …………………………………………… 2 Weather Forecasting …………………………………………………… 3 Station Model …………………………………………………... 4 ▪ Air Pressure …………………………………………………… 4 ▪ Temperature …………………………………………………… 5 ▪ Sky Cover …………………………………………………... 5 ▪ Wind Direction and Wind Speed …………………………... 5-6 ▪ Current Weather …………………………………………… 7 The Role of PAGASA in Weather Forecasting …………………………… 8 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………… 9 INTRODUCTION What is a typhoon? A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean between 180° and 100°E. This region is referred to as the northwest Pacific basin. For organizational purposes, the northern Pacific Ocean is divided into three regions: the eastern (North America to140°W), central (140°W to 180°), and western (180° to 100°E). A Typhoon is a name used in East Asia for a Hurricane. A typhoon is similar to a hurricane in levels of destructiveness. The word typhoon comes from the Chinese term “tai-fung” meaning great wind. Typhoons developed over large bodies of water and are moved by steering winds in the troposphere; if the conditions remain favorable, the tropical disturbance intensifies. On the other hand, if the conditions around the disturbance deteriorate or the tropical cyclone makes landfall...
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...K – 2 (up); C/U – 2 (up); C/S – 3 (down); Syn – 3 (down); Q – 3 = 22 marks January 2012 To what extent can preparedness and planning mitigate the effects of volcanic hazards? Preparedness and planning can mitigate the effects of volcanic hazards. However there are many other factors that can influence the effects, such as volcano type, severity of eruption, length of eruption, third party influences of which no country can prepare totally for. However these are methods which will reduce the impact. In this essay I will discuss the impacts of a Chilean volcanic eruption which devastated the town of Chaiten and how its poor preparation influenced this. Also I will discuss the 1991 eruption of Mount Etna in Sicily and how its preparedness and planning has on it as one of the world’s best monitored and controlled volcanoes. On the 2nd May 1991 a Chilean volcano that had laid dormant for nearly 9000 years exploded into eruption. Due east winds carried the huge ash column east. However due to the size of the column (20-30 km in height) the town of Chaiten, 10km south west of the volcano, was largely affected. Due to its 9000 years of dormancy, the Chilean volcanic society had not deemed it dangerous enough to be actively monitored prior to the eruption as limited research and funding was available to their one volcanic acquisition centre even though there was documented history of dome column building and collapse. The rhyolitic nature of the volcano (commonly found on destructive...
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...destruction caused by disasters, mostly brought by typhoons, are inscribed in the Philippine fact book. One of the reasons why reports on disasters are on the rise is due to the country’s geographical location in the Pacific seismic belt that makes it prone to severe tropical storms and earthquakes. Other contributing factors are the vulnerability of citizens including lack of technical materials and extensive trainings of the agencies, which should institute proper mitigation and response to catastrophes. The demands for government leadership and sound policies before, during and after disasters are vital to the preservation of human life and resources. The need to...
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...Group Activity- Caselet 2 Group 7 1. The Philippines is No. 83 on HDI ranking last 2003, No.112 last 2011 and No. 114 as reported by UNDP for 2013. Account on the reasons for such changes. Compare the following factors; a. life expectancy b. literacy c. average GDP Despite gains it has made on the economic front, the Philippines remained at 114th globally for the 5th straight year in the Human Development Index (HDI) released by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) on Friday, March 15. The HDI is a key indicator of citizens' state of health, education, and income, among others. In the 2013 Human Development Report titled "The Rise of the South: Human Progress in a Diverse World," the UNDP said the Philippines' HDI score has been improving in the past 30 years. But its score -- 0.654 -- is still slightly below the East Asia and the Pacific regional average of 0.683. (A total of 186 countries were covered by the UNDP study.) Some data on the Philippines from the 2013 HDR include the following: * The life expectancy of Filipinos is 69 years old. * The mean years of schooling in the Philippines is 8.9 years while the expected years of schooling is 11.7 years. * The country's Gross National Income per capita level is $3,752 (computed using 2005 purchasing power parity) * The country ranked 77th overall in the Gender Inequality Index, the third lowest rank in the ASEAN. * Around 18.4% of the population lived below $1.25 in the 2011-2012...
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...located in South East Asia and is North of Indonesia. It lies on a destructive plate boundary (Eurasian and Philippine plates) so as a result, there is regular volcanic eruptions which cause pyroclastic flows and lahars. As they’re vulnerable due to their lack of advanced infrastructure, this causes a disaster for them. An example of a volcanic eruption that had large impacts was the Mount Pinatubo eruption in 1991 where it was the biggest eruption seen in 50 years. Volcanic activity causes a secondary disaster which is earthquakes, causes $850,000 worth of damage, mainly agriculture and property, and affecting roughly 2.25 million people. Steep relief and many hills mean landslides and further lahars are sometimes a result from earthquakes. Deforestation and land degradation has led to increased vulnerability for secondary hazards i.e. landslides and also flash flooding during typhoons. Deforestation increases the magnitude of flooding because plants and trees hold the soil together and absorb water in their roots so reduce the...
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...implementation and a proposed solution to establish greater presence in the island. The island is faced with the threat of natural disasters. Tsunamis, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes have ravaged the island. Disease such as HIV/AIDS and avian flu Avian Flu threaten the people of Kava. Determining the factors that have been considered and reviewed during the phase of the decision-making process we were table to identify the problems, define the criteria, goals and objectives, evaluating the effect of the problems and identifying the causes of the problems. The alternatives were framed and the impacts of the alternatives were evaluated to determine the implementation of the decisions to expand the current location of the Wal-mart Store. The decisions were based on the skills learned in the textbook Critical Thinking by Paul and Elder (2006). The factors affecting the implementation of the project were identified as three major factors: company image, technology and the environment. Wal-Mart is known in the U.S. for its quality of service, variety of products including electronics, food and clothing and competitive low prices. To ensure quality of service and low prices do not get affected by the treats of natural disasters that have been affecting the island security measures need to be considered and implemented. Other factors that affected the decision implementation of the organization is the age of the...
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...Angat Dam Dams have been an influential part of human development for thousands of years. However, it was only in the last century, and increasingly in the last 50 years, that technological advances have enabled the construction of large dams. These are important reservoir structures for various communities for these structures help people to have water to drink and provide water for irrigation, improving navigation, creating a reservoir of water to supply industrial uses, generating hydroelectric power, creating recreation areas or habitat for fish and wildlife and containing effluent from industrial sites. The ability of dams to reduce flow variability means that water can be regulated, mitigating droughts and, to varying extents, controlling floods. Angat dam, a famous concrete water reservoir embankment hydroelectric dam in the Philippines was built in order to supply water to Metro Manila. It was a part of the Angat-Ipo-La Mesa water system. The reservoir supplies about 90 percent of raw water requirements for Metro Manila through the facilities of the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System and irrigates about 28,000 hectares of farmland in the provinces of Bulacan and Pampanga. Fig 1.0 Angat-Ipo-La Mesa Water System The figure above shows how water is being supplied from Angat reservoir up to the Manila Water and Maynilad Water distribution systems which supply 90 percent of water in the east and west zones of Metro Manila. The project is located...
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...through the last part of the nine step process NICHCY will review the factors that will have to be considered during implementation and will work to evaluate resources that will be needed during this phase of the decision-making process. Once the implementation has taken place measuring the process will be necessary to ensure that the plan stays on track. Decisions in Paradise Paper, Part III Thus far, we have covered identifying the problems, defining criteria, goals and objectives, evaluating the effect of the problems and identifying the causes of the problems. The National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) has outlined the alternatives and evaluated their impacts of the alternatives. In order to move forward, NICHCY will implement decisions that have to be made to complete the NICHCY Community Center in Kava. NICHCY is known for their exceptional quality of service. The stakeholders have come to rely on this stability and commitment to excellence to make certain of NICHCY’s reliability in the investment market. In order to protect the image of NICHCY, we must carefully evaluate factors affecting implementation. When looking at the situation, analyzing the geographic situation presented to the company is important. The country of Kava is faced with a myriad of tropical disasters and diseases that could plague it at any moment, including tsunamis, typhoons, volcanic eruptions,...
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...Introduction Philippine’s biggest economy contributors for year 2014 is mostly taken up by Services sectors with 57.4% contribution to the economy gross domestic product (GDP) (Central Intelligence Agency, 2014). Services that contributed to this high percentage comes from mainly repair of motor vehicles, household goods, trades, real estate, rents and businesses for transportation, storage and communication, public administration, defence forces, finances services and social security (Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015). Industry sectors contributes 31.2% of the total GPD (Central Intelligence Agency, 2014), which contains manufacturing, construction, mining and production, and power production (Advameg, Inc, 2015). The leftover of 11.3% of the total GDP came from Agriculture (Central Intelligence Agency, 2014). Many years ago, Agriculture was once the main contributor to Philippines’s GDP. However in the last ten years there is an increase in other industries like production for apparels, ship building, electronics and semiconductors. Primary exports of Philippines are mainly conductors and electronic merchandise, transportation tools, garments, copper merchandise, crude oil merchandise, coconut oil, and fruits. Having major importers like China (23%), Japan (13%), United States (12%), Hong Kong (9.8%), and Singapore (5.4%), Philippines can potentially benefit from them by having almost the same GDP growth if these countries that Philippines exports significantly to...
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...Abstract Species diversity in Guam’s limestone forests is extremely limited. In order to account the number of species available in comparison to the Panama tropical rainforests, data gathered from of 20x20 plots were recorded. Throughout this study, factors for Guam’s limited species diversity may be generalized but not fully confirmed. Overall the main purpose is to get an idea of what type of species are available in the limestone forests, as well as provide data for researchers to pursue further studies as to why species are so limited here on this island. Introduction Tropical rainforests, along with temperate ones, are the most complex biomes on earth. This is due to the many ecosystems found within them. Although it is assumed that rainforest are fertile with plant species due to nutrient-rich soil, it is not. Most nutrients are either washed away from the soil due to heavy rainfall or recycled through the vegetation. Usually new growth within the forest greatly depends on decomposing organisms, such as bacteria and fungi (Tang et al.2011). Specie diversity varies within these rainforests depending on conditions surrounding and affecting each. Considering that species diversity is one of many crucial elements to nature conservation, thorough studies must be conducted to identify such conditions of limited rainforests. (Primack 1993). Categorized within Tropical forests are karst or limestone forests that consist of endemic plants and trees. Guam’s limestone...
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...Decisions in Paradise, Part III Nik, who has imagined the Kava Island like a paradise prior to his actual visit of the place could not help but to develop an impression to forget about the business proposal in the island right after hearing the myriads of disasters threats in the island. Despite the initial frustration in the condition of the island, he was forced to go on with his mission and assignment which is to carry out the research on the island to analyze the possibility of the plans of the Teva Pharmaceuticals to increase its presence in the island. Determining Factors Affecting the Decision Implementation The disaster threats relative to the geographic location of Kava pose considerable risks to any business operating in the island. Teva Pharmaceuticals will not be exempted from that. The threats also pose real danger to the health of the people of Kava. The risks from the disaster threats could significantly affect the health of the population particularly if accessibility to affordable health and medical supplies is difficult. The threats from AIDS/HIV alone could be devastating but the threat could be eased with available protective device such as affordable and easy accessible condom sheaths. The situation in Kava could be a great opportunity for the Teva Pharmaceuticals to expand its mission which is “to play a leading role in the transformation of the U.S. healthcare system through its pre-eminence in the development, manufacture and marketing of generic pharmaceuticals...
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...AGRICULTURAL RISK Agricultural risk are element or factor that constraint agricultural production and expose them to danger or loss. Agricultural risks can range from independent (for example, localized hail losses or an individual farmer’s illness) to highly correlated (for example, market price risk or widespread drought). Managing risks in agriculture is particularly challenging, as many risks are highly correlated, resulting in whole communities being affected at the same time. Clearly, given the widespread nature of resultant loss, financial recovery is particularly difficult and challenging. For governments, the fiscal implications of social safety net payments or the rebuilding of damaged infrastructure can be serious. For insurers, sudden losses suffered by a large number of policyholders places a strain on their reserves and financial stability. For farming communities, there is often no other option than to sell assets, normally at distressed prices. MAJOR RISKS IN AGRICULTURAL TYPE OF RISK | EXAMPLES | Weather | Periodic deficit or excess rainfall, varying temperatures, hail storms, strong winds | Natural disaster (including extreme weather events) | Major floods, droughts, hurricanes, cyclones, typhoons, earthquakes, volcanic activity | Biology and environment | Crop/livestock pests and diseases; contamination caused by poor sanitation, humans, or illnesses; contamination affecting food safety, natural resources/environment, or production and...
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...island of Kava, in the South Pacific. The Dillard’s organization hopes that this move will be beneficial to both Kava and the Dillard’s shareholders. This decision to branch out to Kava will require careful planning and consideration of all the present issues. Issues present such as: natural disasters, health risks, and internal and external forces, create a challenge for Dillard’s Incorporated. Dillard’s desperately needs to develop a plan to have a greater presence on Kava. Forces and Obstacles Involved There are several internal and external forces involved in the decision to set up a manufacturing plant in Kava. External forces for example, environmental obstacles, present in the South Pacific include: tornadoes, hurricanes and typhoons, floods, fires, earthquakes, petroleum spills, volcanic eruptions, and the spread of disease. Internal forces such as ethical issues, human resources, and the organizational process will be considered as well. Many ethical issues within a global organization can develop such as conflicts between the...
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...OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT BACKGROUND: Operations Department headed by HOD (Ops) is the line department of DCI and is responsible for undertaking the dredging operations to fulfill the contractual obligations of DCI. All other departments extend support services to Operations Department in meeting the above responsibilities. Operations department is responsible for monitoring and control of various projects undertaken. Operations Department exercise control over all the Project Offices as well as all the Vessels. Project Offices are headed by Project-in-charge (PIC) and Vessels are headed by Masters. Masters of all DCI vessels, report to PICs who in turn report to HOD (Ops). Operations department strives for improvement of performance/ production, provides safe practices in dredging operations, complying with all Statutory Rules & Regulations of the Government, Ports and by establishing Procedures to safe guard against all identified risks and avoidance of damage to the property particularly while working and at sea. Operations Department looks after deployment of various dredgers at Dredging and Reclamation Projects as per the contracts concluded between the DCI and customers such as Major Ports, Minor Ports, Indian Navy, Ship building yards, Inland dredging organizations in India and major dredging and reclamation projects abroad. Operations department also looks after issues with respect to carrying out Hydrographic survey, soil explorations/ investigations and...
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...Institutes and it is mandated to “provide protection against natural calamities and utilize scientific knowledge as an effective instrument to insure the safety, well-being and economic security of all the people, and for the promotion of national progress”. The government agency was created on December 8, 1972 by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 78 reorganizing the Philippine Weather Bureau into PAGASA. * Mission and Vision Protecting lives and properties through timely, accurate and reliable weather-related information and services. Center of excellence for weather related information and services. * Functions * Maintains a nationwide network pertaining to observation and forecasting of weather and flood and other conditions affecting national safety, welfare and economy. * Undertake activities relative to observation, collection, assessment and processing of atmospheric and allied data for the benefit of agriculture, commerce and industry. * Engage in studies of geophysical and astronomical...
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