...Blood Doping Biology Research Paper Samantha Reid University Seven time consecutive Tour De France champion and yellow rubber band seller of the decade openly admitted to blood doping. His name was Lance Armstrong and not only did he live through cancer, but he was one of the greatest athletes the world has ever known. His list of achievement goes on until his banishment for professional racing and the stripping of his titles. He admitted to using banned substances including steroids and blood doping in an interview with Oprah Winfrey on January 17, 2013. Why would a man with so many accomplishments cheat the system with prohibited procedures and the use of illegal performance drugs? The three topics that rise in answering why Lance Armstrong blood doped is explaining what blood doping is, the advantage and disadvantages of it and drug use in profession sports. To describe what blood doping is one must first understand some key terms. Hemoglobin is a red protein responsible for carrying oxygen in your blood. Another key term is the cardiovascular system and this is an organ system that distributes the blood throughout the body to deliver nutrients and remove waste. And the respiratory system is the organ system that carries out gas exchange in your body. These three things all work together hand in hand like a smooth operating clock. The respiratory system gets the oxygen from the air and transports it to the blood carried in the hemoglobin. The oxygen enriched hemoglobin...
Words: 1382 - Pages: 6
...of individuals with Bipolar Disorder experience its onset before age 20 (Hoofnagle, 2002). Pediatric-onset Bipolar Disorder (PBPD) is one of the most severe psychiatric illnesses that can affect children’s ability to succeed in all aspects of their lives, including in school. This paper aims at examining PBPD, its symptoms and causes, the neuropsychological deficits it presents in relation to comorbid conditions, how it affects student learning, educational impairments it causes, its educational implications for teachers and counselors, and its treatment and outcomes. The primary purpose of this paper is to educate educational service providers about PBPD so they can be more aware of how to recognize it in order to provide referral for intervention when needed, help in the process of providing early intervention, and accommodate for the disorder in the classroom. Most people go through normal ups and downs in life. Bipolar Disorder symptoms are much more powerful than that. BPD is a mood disorder characterized by recurring cycling of mania and depression. Symptoms of mania may include increased physical and mental activity, high energy, elated mood, excessive irritability, aggressive behavior, racing thoughts and speech, grandiosity, and some cases delusions and hallucinations (Hoofnagle, 2002). Symptoms of depression may include...
Words: 3249 - Pages: 13
...Psychoactive Drugs And Their Effects Abstract This paper discusses three different psychoactive drugs, one from each classification, and their general psychological and physical effects. Cocaine, a stimulant, Cannabis, a hallucinogen and Oxycodone, a depressant will be covered. Positive, neutral and adverse effects will be discussed as well as long-term use and withdrawal symptoms. Cannabis has a section regarding its medicinal use in society. Cocaine is a naturally derived central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and topical anesthetic that is extracted and refined from the Erythroxylum coca plant, which is grown primarily in the Andean region of South America. Coca leaf chewing has been around for thousands of years. The drug was first isolated in the 1850’s and had medicinal use through the late 19th century. Recreational use became a problem in the early 20th century and became illegal is the United States in 1914. The chemical name for cocaine is benzoylmethyl ecgonine; it is a bitter, white, odorless crystalline drug. Cocaine has multiple methods of ingestion; it can be insufflated, taken orally or intravenously. It can be smoked to some degree, but tends to burn rather than vaporize because of the high temperature required. Freebase cocaine vaporizes at smoking temperatures and creates a more intense high whilst using less product. Street terminology consists of coke, snow, nose candy, white, blow and soft, among others. Freebase is known as crack, rock and hard...
Words: 1962 - Pages: 8
...ofPsychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, !ll148109-1109, U.$.A. Abstract Directed attention plays an important role in human information processing; its fatigue, in turn, has far reaching consequences. Attention Restoration Theory provides an analysis of the kinds of experiences that lead to recovery from such fatigue. Natural environments turn out to be particularly rich in the character istics necessary for restorative experiences. An integrative framework is proposed that places both directed attention and stress in the larger context of human-environment relationships. © 1995 Academic Press Limited Introduction Evidence pointing to the psychological benefits of nature has accumulated at a remarkable rate in a relatively short period of time. Whether a theoreti cal understanding of these restorative influences has kept pace with the empirical work is, however, less clear. As Hartig and Evans (1993) have pointed out, theory in' this area has been dominated by con flicting positions, one enlphasizing stress reduction (Ulrich, 1983) and the other concerned with recov ery of the capacity to focus attention (Kaplan & Talbot, 1983; Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989). While it might be argued that these positions are hopelessly far apart, Hartig and Evans hold out hope for a syn thesis. The purpose of this paper is to propose a way in which such an integration might be achieved. A synthesis requires first that there be something to synthesize. There must be entities...
Words: 6063 - Pages: 25
...Can Obtaining Adequate Amounts of Sleep (between 8-9 hours) Reduce Stress Levels? BPS Wellness Paper Individual Self-Study Write-Up Intro My identified issue is lack of sleep and high stress levels. I do not maintain a schedule that would allow for enough quality sleep. I am also experience stress levels that are high, and suspect that lack of sleep may be a source of some of this stress. I have difficulty falling asleep and occasionally staying asleep. As a result I am often fatigued and tend to crave high fat sugary carbohydrates and overeat on them, to maintain mood and energy. Research Question Can obtaining adequate amounts of sleep (between 8-9 hours of sleep) reduce stress levels? My hypothesis is in order to lower my stress levels I would like to obtain 8 hours of sleep with and monitor the effects of this on my reported levels of stress. My rationale is my mind and body are more rested therefore my perception of stress and my ability to handle stress would improve thereby lowering my stress levels(Minkel et al., 2012) Sleep deprivation is associated with higher cortisol levels and with an exaggerated cortisol response to a stressor. I have not been obtaining a regular 8 hrs of sleep per night and have been feeling stressed.(“10 Surprising Effects of Lack of Sleep,” n.d.) My plan is to see if obtaining at least 8 hours of sleep lowers my stress levels. Method: Over the course of 21 days upon rising I will record the number of hours of sleep I receive. I...
Words: 4076 - Pages: 17
...Psychological Disorders & Treatment Paper Candace Ward PSY/203 Foundation of Psychology November 16, 2015 Kurtis Armstrong Psychological Disorders is a disorder of the mind involving thoughts, behaviors, and emotions that cause either self or others significant distress. Significant distress can mean the person is unable to function, meet personal needs on their own, or are a danger to themselves or others. There are many types of psychological disorders, this paper will focus on Dependent personality disorders, cyclothymic disorders and well as PTSD or Post Traumatic Stress Disorders. I will also include treatments and what each treatment option will entail. This paper will be concluded with my thoughts on how these disorders can affect our everyday lives and how important it is to be aware of these particular disorders. Dependent personality disorders or DPD is a psychological disorder that is characterized by a persuasive psychological dependence on other people. According to the Psych Central, Dependent personality disorders lead individuals to engage in dependent and submissive behaviors as well as sometimes being seen as “clingy” or “Clinging” to others. It also mentioned that people who suffer with dependent personality disorders tend to have self-doubt, they may belittle themselves a lot, and or repeatedly refer to themselves as “stupid.” Symptom may include having a difficult time making everyday decisions. For example, the individual may need extra help...
Words: 1414 - Pages: 6
...So, it raises the question of whether naturopathic doctors and medical doctors have the same obligations. Should they have the same obligations? Should their fundamentals and principles be the same? The purpose of this paper is to determine if naturopathic doctors should be bound to the same ethics as medical doctors and to what extent through the principles of autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence. I believe that naturopaths should behave in a way that corresponds with medical ethics in the general sense, but the extent to which and the way to which will be...
Words: 1698 - Pages: 7
...MR. JONES (BIPOLAR DISORDER) GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY ABSTRACT This research paper discusses the movie “Mr. Jones.” It details the character Mr. Jones and tells about his current psychological condition (bipolar disorder). It further discusses the causes, symptoms, treatment, and ethical issues concerning this disorder. MR JONES Mr. Jones is a movie about a charismatic man who is diagnosed as bipolar and is committed to a psychiatric institution. He is diagnosed incorrectly at first but then receives the correct diagnosis and becomes romantically involved with psychiatrist Dr. Elizabeth Bowen. This movie deals with bipolar disorder and displays the signs and symptoms of the disorder, possible causes of the disorder, treatments of the disorder, and the ethical issues involved when the patient becomes romantically involved with his psychiatrist. Bipolar disorder, formally called manic depression, is a mental disorder characterized by severe and recurrent depression or mania with abrupt or gradual onsets and recoveries (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2011). The states of mania and depression may alternate where one mood state may predominate over the other, or they may be mixed or combined with each other (DSM-IV, 2006). Bipolar disorder causes dramatic mood swings from overly high and/or irritable to sad and hopeless, and then back again, often with periods of normal mood in between. Severe changes in energy and behavior go along with these changes. These are not the normal...
Words: 1850 - Pages: 8
...INTRODUCTION Everyone experienced some sort of anxiety feeling before an important event, such as an important exam, going on the 1st date, going on the roller coaster for the 1st time, and etc. during their lifetime. When this anxiety start to be an overwhelming thought in a person’s mind and causes nightmares, fears, and panic attacks, it becomes an illness, called anxiety disorder. It is the fear, apprehension, and often the expectation of unspecified danger. It is considered a normal natural response used everyday to figure out whether a situation is dangerous or not. How to differentiate a normal anxiety form an abnormal disorder: The intensity of the anxiety; whether or not the anxiety matches the circumstance. The length of the anxiety is inappropriate to what is causing the anxiety. Adequately respond to make a decision in what to do in that our body has alarm us to some danger. Anxiety is a total normal thing and is experienced daily. But when you have consistent anxiety you should start to worry. Anxiety is a reaction to stressful situations that helps rather than hinders daily functions. If we didn’t have anxiety we wouldn’t be motivated to do certain things in life that could be a good accomplishment or help us out. Anxiety Disorder is defined as the occurrence of anxiety without obvious external cause, intruding on daily functioning. Now I will discuss Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Generalized Anxiety Disorder is the experience of long-term anxiety with...
Words: 4200 - Pages: 17
...tri-newbies online training program 11 week sprint distance beginner level 2 © 1999-2005 The Kent Group and Tri-Newbies Online. All rights reserved. www.trinewbies.com Training Program: Table of Contents 11 Week Sprint Distance Program – Beginner 11 Week Training Calendar ………………………………………… 5 Detailed Training Guide …………………………………………….. 7 Program Guide Introduction …………………………………………………… 19 Heart Rate Training ………………………………………….. 21 Swimming ……………………………………………………... 25 Cycling …………………………………………………………. 29 Running ………………………………………………………… 35 Bricks …………………………………………………………… 37 The Triathlon Transition ……………………………………... 39 Weight Training – Detailed Program ……………………….. 47 Nutrition …………………………………………………………. 65 Appendix Thinking About Doing a TRI? ……………………………….. 71 Methods of Heart Rate Training …………………………….. 79 Open Water Swim Tips and Techniques ………………….. 85 Tips for Riding in Traffic ……………………………………... 91 3 © 1999-2005 The Kent Group and Tri-Newbies Online. All rights reserved. www.trinewbies.com 4 © 1999-2005 The Kent Group and Tri-Newbies Online. All rights reserved. www.trinewbies.com 11 Week Calendar 11 Week Sprint Distance Program – Beginner 11 Week Calendar Mon OFF Tue Run: 15 min Wed Bike: 5 miles Thurs Swim: 200 yards Fri OFF Sat Run: 15 min Sun Bike: 5 miles OFF S: 200 yds R: 15 min Bike: 6 miles Swim: 200 yards OFF Run: 20 min Bike: 8 miles OFF S: 200 yds R: 20 min Bike: 6 miles S: 300 yds W: 30min ...
Words: 29299 - Pages: 118
...CHO Loading and Female Cyclists 1 Running head: CHO LOADING AND FEMALE CYCLISTS The Effectiveness of CHO Loading in Female Cyclists PRF 810 Thesis Paper Christopher S. Burt CHO Loading and Female Cyclists 2 The Effectiveness of CHO Loading in Female Cyclists Carbohydrate [CHO] loading is the intentional ingestion of above normal amounts of carbohydrate to increase muscle glycogen stores prior to physical activity. This method is often used by elite athletes to improve their performance. With respect to cyclists, the increase in performance is measured experimentally as a decrease in time to complete a race or time trial, an increase time to fatigue, and by decreased power output. There is no singular method for CHO loading. The “first” standard protocol for CHO loading was developed by Bergstrom and Hultman (1), in which the athlete exercised to deplete glycogen from the muscle, then consumed excess CHO over 3 days, without exercising. More recently an exercise tapering protocol has been developed, in which the athlete reduces the amount of exercise being done over 3 days, and does no exercise on day 3 (2). This reduction in exercise is followed by 3, or up to 6, days of loading. However in both versions, and the many modifications thereof, the athlete’s regular training protocol is interrupted. Two recent articles reported the success of consuming 12g/kg of lean body mass high CHO, high glycemic index foods, for 24 hours (3, 4). Both studies showed an increase in muscle...
Words: 4813 - Pages: 20
...significantly from the times of shaman priests in ancient Egypt and bloodletting barbers of Medieval Europe. This evolution was assisted by the development of new tools that were created as the result of some advancement in technology. These new instruments permitted the surgeons of their day to unlock new possibilities and develop new techniques, each more sophisticated than the one before. Due to the sensitive nature of surgery, moral and ethical obligations were established early on and eventually formed the basis of “The Hippocratic Oath”, which is still relevant to the modern surgeon. We are now in a place in history where robots are being used to assist with surgical procedures that were once only conceivably done by human hands. This paper seeks to detail this evolution as well as describe current and future applications of robotics in the surgery and the ethical implications inherit with this technology. This report will also attempt to identify and discuss the complex legal, political, and cultural issues that have also evolved with this science. A review of the literature was undertaken using Medline. Articles describing the history and development of surgical robots were identified as were articles reporting data on applications. This most recent development in surgical advancement has infinite potential but it is also accompanied by same ethical dilemmas that ancient surgeons were faced with. ------------------------------------------------- Robot Assisted Surgery:...
Words: 6193 - Pages: 25
...teenagers and young adults in entertainment industry. Nowadays, computer games are played on not only PC’s but also on different gaming platforms like Xbox, Nintendo Wii and on mobile devices such as hand phones and PDA’s. This makes computer games much wider and popular. (Mitchell & Savill-Smith, 2009) Playing is one of characteristics of human. People learn serious information during playing computer games while feeling pleasure. Computer and video games become one the most popular activity for leisure times of young people in both western and Asian societies. (Vorderer, 2010) Positive and negative effects of computer games are discussed heavily especially on teenagers. Negative effects include headaches, eye problems, chest pain, and fatigue. Also game play causes sleep deprivation associated with eyes and 4 muscle problems. Playing computer games also create damage to social life by causing decrease on socialness and less positive behavior towards society. (Griffiths, 2010) Beside of negative effects, computer games also have serious benefits for players. There are many researches made for using computer games as an instrument in education and positive effects on skills like reading and mathematical thinking are discovered. Also participating computer games create a new community among players of these games and this causes learning and information sharing between these players. (Jenkins, 2011) Types...
Words: 4474 - Pages: 18
...2.3 Effects of Different Types of Drugs Review There are several types of drugs. Never drive a motor vehicle after taking a substance which alters the central nervous system. This includes over-the-counter, prescription, and of course, illegal drugs. The following categories of drugs have known side effects that include impaired attention, reaction time, and vision: * Antihistamines * Pain Relievers * Tranquilizers * Hallucinogens * Stimulants * Narcotics It is very dangerous to combine alcohol and other drugs. Synergism occurs when the effect of one drug is enhanced by the presence of another drug. A multiplying rather than additive effect may occur. It takes more ounces of beer than whiskey to become impaired, but people tend to drink more beer (total ounces) than whiskey. Regarding the servings of assorted alcohol beverages, they all have differing amounts of alcohol. Beer actually has more alcohol than whiskey and coolers are even stronger. There are also an infinite number of ways to mix alcoholic beverages so a drink by drink comparison can only be made when size and alcohol content of the drinks involved are known. Alcohol is a toxic substance. The use of alcohol has no benefit to the body or society. Abuse or excessive consumption of alcohol or other drugs affects the physiology of the body in many ways. If a body becomes accustomed to the presence of alcohol continuously, a physical dependence develops and changes in...
Words: 39078 - Pages: 157
...Powerful Sleep – Secrets of the Inner Sleep Clock by Kacper M. Postawski, PowerfulSleep.com Copyright © 2004 PowerfulSleep.com All 1 Rights Reserved Powerful Sleep – Secrets of the Inner Sleep Clock by Kacper M. Postawski, PowerfulSleep.com Table of Contents Disclaimer: ________________________________________________________________5 Introduction _______________________________________________________________6 The Popular Myth about Sleeping ________________________________________________ 6 Recent “Eye Opening” Discoveries ________________________________________________ 7 How Much Sleep Do You Really Need? ____________________________________________ 7 The Mystery of Quality Sleep ____________________________________________________ 7 Chapter 1: Sleep Mechanics __________________________________________________9 What is Sleep, and Why Do We Sleep? __________________________________________9 Your Crash Course on Brain Waves ______________________________________________ 9 The 5 Stages of Sleep ___________________________________________________________ 9 Sleep Cycles __________________________________________________________________ 11 How Important is Deep Sleep? __________________________________________________ 13 How Important is REM Sleep? __________________________________________________ 13 So what is Quality Sleep?_______________________________________________________ 14 Chapter 2: The Inner Sleep Clock_____________________________________________15 ...
Words: 26531 - Pages: 107
