...ISSN: 2348 9510 International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management (IJCEM) Volume 1, Issue 9, December 2014 Fault Analysis of a Bearing Archit Upadhyay Bachelor of Engineering- Mechanical Engineering Acropolis Institute of Technology & Research, Indore, (M.P), India Contact Number: +91-9993099957 E-maid ID: architupadhyay2192@gmail.com Abstract The performance of a bearing which is dynamic in nature is very crucial to the working of a machine. The presence of defects in a bearing results in reduced efficiency or in some cases severe damage to the machine which is under consideration. Rolling element bearing is an indispensable part of any machine which finds widespread domestic and industrial applications. Different methods are used for detection and diagnosis of the bearing defects. This research is intended as a tutorial overview of bearing fault detection using vibration analysis. The advent of the microprocessor has enormously advanced the process of vibration data acquisition and analysis in recent years. Measurement that took hours only two decades ago can now be completed in minutes and better decisions made because of better data acquisition and presentation. However, the basic process of measurement and analysis have remained essentially unchanged, just like the machines from which vibrations is measured. The results of the measurement and data analysis need to be compared with known standards or guidelines and decisions made as to whether the machine is acceptable...
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...The city I chose for my hazard analysis is Los Angeles CA and the hazard that is the highest risk to the city is an earthquake. L.A. is the second largest city in the United States; it encompasses over 498 square miles and is surrounded by mountains and ocean. L.A. is a very urban environment, its high concentration of infrastructure makes it vulnerable to earthquakes, but at the same time it also gives it the resources it needs to respond to earthquakes or any other hazards. L.A. has had a few large scale earthquakes in the last decades and some geological experts predict it will suffer a major quake in the near future. How it has responded to those disasters in the past is what has laid the foundation as to how the city will deal with future earthquakes or other hazards and attempt to minimize their impact on the city. Los Angeles lies around 60 miles from the San Andreas Fault. This fault line is one the most active fault lines in the world and as such is capable of producing severe earthquakes. And even though Los Angeles doesn’t lie directly underneath it like the city of San Francisco, the fault line does pose a great danger to the city. But even more of a threat to the city is the many unknown smaller fault lines that run beneath it. With a population of over 4 million people, a large size earth quake would cause substantial damage and injure or kill a large number of people. L.A. has had around six major earthquakes that were 6.0 or stronger in the last hundred years...
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...ARES Corporation is skilled at developing event trees and fault trees; providing a systematic method for investigating accident and/or failure scenarios involving complex systems. These trees evaluate the pathways leading to failure of a system and the associated risk(s). The event tree development process determines the boundaries of the particular analysis by defining the initiating event and the possible outcomes for each sequence of events. The event tree analysis defines possible scenarios including success, and partial and/or complete system/subsystem failure. Fault trees are often used to quantify system events that are part of event tree sequences. An event tree is a graphical representation of the logic model that identifies and quantifies the possible outcomes following an initiating event. Beginning with an initiating event; the event tree details a sequence of pivotal events that lead to specific end states (e.g. OK, Partial Failure or Failure). As each new top event is considered, a new node on the tree is added with a split of probabilities taking either branch. Fault trees graphically represent the interaction of failures and other events within a system. Basic events at the bottom of the fault trees are linked via logic symbols (know as gates) to one or more top events. These top events represent identified hazards or system failure modes for which predicted reliability or availability data is required. An “AND” gate indicates that all of the events...
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...distribution of earthquakes across the continental United States? The west coast of the US consists of the highest levels of risk by a wide margin, particularly in the south-west (on the pacific tectonic plate fault line). Central Eastern regions bear areas of moderate risk. Northern and South/south-easterly regions bear no significant risk. 2) Locate your home on this map and make a note of the relative risk to you by indicating the color where you live. The USGS also reports on earthquakes around the world. Visit this interactive map to find the latest global earthquake data from the past seven days: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/ Bridgeport Connecticut - very low probability of occurrence here. This region bears no significant risk to such an event over the next 50 years. 3) What patterns do you see in the distribution of earthquakes around the world? The majority of earthquakes occur on the left hand side of the pacific plate (the fault line between the pacific/Eurasian and pacific/Australasian plates) the right hand side of this plate relates to the fault line where the majority of earthquakes in the US occur. The westerly coast of the South America also has an abundance of earthquakes on the right hand side of the Nazca tectonic plate. There are other fault lines where a number occur, but the majority is in those areas described above. Mainland Europe, Eurasia (Russia etc.) and Africa are areas of low occurrence. 4) Click on one of the earthquakes on the map...
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...purchasing a short-term policy that does. * Pack enough medication for your entire trip and you may need a note from your doctor to carry your medication on the plane. * Never eat uncooked meat, eggs or drink water that is not bottled, including ice cubes. * Safety and Security * Keep ID and vital documents on you at all times. * Monitor via the State Department about any unrest in the country. [Event Description Heading][To replace any tip text with your own, just click it and start typing. To replace the photo or logo with your own, right-click it and then click Change Picture. To try out different looks for this flyer, on the Design tab, check out the Themes, Colors, and Fonts galleries.] | | | | Due to earthquake fault lines and active volcano’s in Italy:It is wise to prepare with an emergency preparation plan through FEMA. For security, be mindful of your surroundings. Learn about laws and customs.Illness’s more common in Italy:Travelers' diarrheaCholeraEscherichia coli diarrheaHepatitis ATyphoid feverInsect borne diseasesParasitic diseasesHepatitis BLyme diseaseBrucellosis | | Healthy Packing list:http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/italy/traveler/packing-listEmbassy in Italy:http://www.ambwashingtondc.esteri.it/ambasciata_washington- J -...
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...Name: Natasha Porter 1. What is the orientation of a rock layer labeled with this strike and dip symbol? (a) N43°E; 38°NW (b) N43°W; 38°SE c) N43°W; 38°NE (d) N43°E; 38°SW 2. Which of the following is an impossible strike and dip combination? (a) N44E, 12SE (b) N56E, 8NW (c) N31W, 31NE (d) N45W, 76SE (e) N5E, 62SE 3. What type of structure underlies the valley as seen in this cross-section? (a) symmetrical anticline (b) symmetrical syncline (c) overturned anticline (d) asymmetrical anticline (e) recumbent syncline 4. The map below shows 5. The map below shows (a) an anticline plunging east. (a) an anticline plunging east. (b) an anticline plunging west. (b) an anticline plunging west. (c) a syncline plunging east. (c) a syncline plunging east. (d) a syncline plunging west. (d) a syncline plunging west. A B C A B C 6. The block diagram at right shows an overturned anticline-syncline pair. Which letter or letters indicate overturned bedding? B & C 7. What type of fold is seen here? (a) symmetrical anticline (b) symmetrical syncline (c) asymmetrical syncline (d) recumbent syncline 8. Structurally, what type of feature is seen here? (a) anticline (b) dome (c) syncline (d) basin (e) graben 9. Which map symbol would be used to describe the geometry of the rocks seen here? ...
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...HENRY TAM AND THE MGI TEAM PROF LEENA CHATTERJEE STRENGTHS OF MGI TEAM • • • • • Diverse areas of expertise and skill High creativity and idea generation A good product Good connections Passion and initiative EVALUATION OF THE TEAMS PROCESS • Ineffective decision making processes Focused more on generating alternative solutions rather than identifying and defining the problem Disagreement on who has the expertise about identifying relevant criteria • Unhealthy conflict Creative abrasion versus personal clashes Difference in conflict between Sasha and Dana and Henry and Igor Conflict avoidance by some members eg. Dav CAUSE OF PROCESS PROBLEMS • Team Composition: multiple differences among members combine to cause a fault line Functional diversity: different styles of thinking, methods of time management, approaches to problem solving and gender Demographic diversity: differences in age, nationality Personality Differences in prior relationships CAUSE OF PROCESS PROBLEMS • Unclear goals, roles and leadership Winning the business plan competition versus launching the business successfully Interns or business partners Who was the leader UNDERLYING ROOT CAUSE • Impression formation processes • Threats to identity • Lack of interpersonal congruence LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Launching a team Importance of kick-off meeting Establishing shared goals, clear roles, agreed on decision making procedures, ground rules, leadership etc •...
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...such technique is the parallax method which involves triangulation. By looking at a star and record its location and then looking at it again six months later, astronomers can measure the distance of the angle of viewing. Combining this information with the orbital diameter of Earth to the sun and a little bit of geometry, astronomers can see that the different angles produce different distances (How are astronomers, 2000). Objects in space aren’t the only challenges scientists face when trying to obtain measurement data. Earthquakes are a dangerous phenomenon caused by the shifting of Earth’s tectonic plates along its fault lines. Fault lines are many kilometers below the surface of the earth making any direct measurement methods extremely difficult. When the tectonic plates shift to cause an earthquake, energy is released and radiates out from the fault line similar to ripples in a pond. These energy...
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...My quest is to understand a few of the issues that plague Haiti, how to examine carefully how architecture can help with the devastation of Haiti and prevent the next disaster from being so costly in history, property and lives. Haiti is the poorest country in the Americas. It has a per capita income of $790. To give an idea of what that is in relation to other countries are considered poor: Mexico, $10,212; Jamaica, $8,737; Dominica, $5,082; and Cuba, a country that still has a commercial embargo against it, $4,819. So, even to countries in the Americas that we commonly consider to be poor are much better off than Haiti. It is estimated that 80% of the population lives in poverty. Most Haitians are living on $2 a day or less. Illiteracy in Haiti is at a staggering 50%, and 80% of the college graduates of Haiti have emigrated to the United States, fostering a society that if you have a chance to make a life for yourself, you leave Haiti. The picture is easy to paint, and the problem is just as easy to understand. A condition of extreme poverty and a natural disaster strikes, the ability to be able to overcome such a disaster is not as easy as it could be if a disaster strikes the developed world. Why the outpouring of support? When you look at the lifespan of a natural disaster, you look at a few of the components that make it an unpredicted disaster. But, when you look at the recovery efforts and support given, you look at how it most directly affects Americans. ...
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...Brittle or plastic failure. • Creates joints, folds, faults, foliation. Fractures can be offset or not. • How deformation affects rocks – by translation, rotation, distortion Strain • Change in shape • elastic strain (reversible change) • Permanent strain – brittle & ductile deformation (non-reversible) • Cause of deformation – stress – force acting on a rock – often a large scale tectonic origin. Stress is force per unit area. Think of the non-metric measure PSI – (pounds per square inch) Stress • Compression – squeezing, shortening or contraction, or pushing together. Think continental collision – Himalayas formation. • Extension – tension, stretching, pulling apart. Tends to thin the crust – think the Taupo Volcanic zone which is extending at 7 mm a year. The lithosphere is thin allowing magma to reach the surface. • Shear – sliding past, strike-slip. Blocks of rock slide past each other – the surface is neither thickened or thinned. Think the Alpine Fault. Deformation structures (brittle) – for these, need to be able to draw a diagram. • Normal fault. Due to extension. • Reverse fault (> 35 degrees) – due to compression • Thrust fault (< 35 degrees) – compression on a shallow-dipping fault plane. • Strike-slip fault (Waiarapa fault) – recognising left lateral, right lateral. The ages and displacements (horizontal nad vertical) indicate the amount of movement on the fault plane, during one...
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...Pacific costal region. Looking at the earthquakes patterns around the world is much different than the United States. All the yellow and blue boxes are on top of one another or crossing over in some way, this is why I say that the earthquakes are only in certain areas. I clicked on an earthquake that occurred in New Britain Region of Papua, New Guinea with a magnitude of 5.5 which is not a weak earthquake. No, I would not like to live in one of the red areas on the map, because the red areas are where the strongest earthquakes occur. There will continue to be more and more earthquakes in those areas because they are on top of the tectonic plates and some lie within fault lines. A tectonic plate is a large irregular shape slab of solid rock. A fault line is a line of intersection between the fault plane and the Earth's surface. If I...
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...Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware and software with proven techniques from the fault tolerant community. A prestigious University such as Princeton approach to achieve such stability forgo a COT solution an invested in a Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS). Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) are network-based devices or host-based applications that protect systems against computer hacking attacks by analyzing each message passing through it. The messages that match any of the thousands of known attack patterns or "signatures," messages that violate domestic and international networking standards, attempts to scan network devices, denial of service attacks, reconnaissance activity (i.e., testing computers to find less protected systems). Once an attack is detected, the IPS can be configured to take any of the following actions: It can capture information about the attack to a log file. It can continue to capture subsequent data from a suspicious source. It can drop the message completely. It can drop subsequent messages from a suspicious source. It can e-mail and/or page appropriate support personnel. Types of network-based IPS solutions In-line Intrusion Prevention Systems: An in-line IPS must positioned between the untrusted network environment and the trusted network it is intended to protect. All traffic that is to be screened must pass through the IPS for analysis and, if certain criteria are met, for discard. Out-of-band Intrusion...
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...fd(X) = f(X) = fsd( X) 所以當X為任意值,都可證得fsd(X) = f’sd( X’),故其是self-dual 3. 有四種情形是failure,分別是(0,0)->1,(0,1)->0,(1,0)->0,(1,1)->0 a. (0,0)->1 代表兩個輸入中有發生stuck-at-1的情形 我們知道兩個input都無stuck-at-1的機率是(1-P1)^2 又輸入為(0,0)之機率為0.25 故此狀況發生機率為0.25(1-(1-P1)^2) b. (0,1)->0 代表後面那個input發生stuck-at-0,而且前面的input無stuck-at-1。 機率為 0.25(P0*(1-P1)) c. (1,0)->0 機率同b d. (1,1)->0 代表兩者皆stuck-at-0,機率為 0.25(P0^2) 總體機率為四者相加,整理後得機率為 0.25 (P1^2 + P0^2 – 2P1P0 + 2P1 + 2P0) 4. a. Fault- is a physical defect, imperfection or flaw within the hardware or software component. Error- is the manifestation of a fault. Specifically, it is a deviation from accuracy or correctness. Failure- is the deviation from expected actions or services. Fault -> Error -> Failure It is failure that really annoying users. b. permanent fault是永久錯誤,一但出現就不會因重複而消失。例如RAM燒壞,重開機是沒用的。 intermittent fault 是偶發性錯誤,有時正常有時會發生錯誤。例如接觸不良。 transient fault 是暫態錯誤,不需理會就會回復穩定與正常狀態,是相對短暫的錯誤。例如剛按下電風扇時轉速過慢。 c. Reliability is the probability to get the right outcome, availability is the probability the service/function can be accessed, and performability is the probability the service do the right thing due to the user’s thought....
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...to work effectively, those systems must cooperate, and must do so without lots of manual intervention by people. This is usually done by splitting problems into smaller pieces, each of which can be tackled more simply than the whole problem. The results of doing each piece are then reassembled into the full solution. As handy as a distributed system can be there are a there are four main issues you could face: Operating system failures, Hardware Failures, Omission Failures and Byzantine Failures. Crash failures are caused across the server of a typical distributed system and if these failures are occurred operations of the server are halt for some time. Operating system failures are the best examples for this case and the corresponding fault tolerant systems are developed with respect to these affects. Hardware failures used to be more common, but with all of the recent innovations in hardware design and manufacturing they tend to be fewer and far between with most of these physical failures tending to be network or drive related. With more hardware the probability goes up that there will be a failure somewhere. Add more software and the complex interactions between different programs creates greater chance for more bugs, including the unusual ones. As a result, any distributed design will carefully consider failure and diagnostic scenarios. With Omission failure a component that does not respond to an input from another component, and thereby fails by not producing the...
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...1 BLIND TASTE TEST ANALYSIS 2 BLIND TASTE TEST ANALYSIS Prepared for: Ma’am Maliha Sameeni University of Education Bank Road Campus, Lahore. Prepared by: Minal Gull Aneeqa Noor Ayesha Siddiqui Aqsa Liaqat Sadia Javaid Rimsha Sarwar 3 Letter of Acknowledgement 18th December 2014 Dear Ma’am Maliha Sameeni We have completed the report on Blind Taste Analysis that you assigned us. This report contains details on the comparison and the brand recognition and recall value of Knorr noodles, Maggi and Shan Shoop. The report consists on findings, data analysis and full discussion about Blind Taste test. We are so thankful to you for providing us the opportunity to work on this wonderful project and we came to know about so many new things. We are also thankful to you for guiding us at every single step of the project, which is a basic factor in success of this project. Sincerely, Minal Gull Aneeqa Noor Ayesha Siddiqui Aqsa Liaqat Sadia Javaid Rimsha Sarwar 4 Executive Summary: A blind taste test was performed by MBA department of University of Education Bank Road campus Lahore on 18th December 2014. The purpose was to find brand recall as well as brand recognition of various brands. Teaser ads campaign was carried out for 3 days. Campaign was successful in generating the tease about something new in department. Our group choose noodles to carry out test. The brands were Knorr, Maggi and Shan Shoop. The results was as follows: Respondents showed...
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