...Historical Explanations for Female Juvenile Delinquency Introduction: The study of female juvenile delinquency is a relatively new area that has only just started to receive the proper attention. Even though men and women are different in many ways, it was only within the last century that there have been serious efforts to create a justice system and corrective programs that take sex differences into account. This paper will give a general overview of female juvenile delinquency, then it will describe the different historical explanations of female delinquency, and will conclude with some ideas for how to best deal with and prevent female juvenile delinquency. Background Information about Female Juvenile Delinquency: Official statistics and self-report data indicate that girls are less likely than boys to commit serious delinquent acts and this has been consistent across different time periods and cultures (Hoge et al., 2008). FBI arrest data reveals that no matter which jurisdictions were reporting in any given year, from 1970 - 2006, girls accounted from anywhere between 20 - 30 % of all juvenile arrests. For example, in 2006, there were 1,156,871 arrests of juvenile males and 469,652 arrests of female juveniles (Shoemaker, 2009). Although females have lower reported rates of criminal activity, this doesn't mean that the distribution of offenses is the same for boys and girls. For example, running away accounts for 4-7% of boys’ arrests opposed to 11-28% of girls’...
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...Alex Cecola Professor Carrick Writing 140 64595 Assignment #1 January 30, 2012 Bigger Than Life…Try Big Freedia Scientifically, humans have been defined as having opposable thumbs, higher thinking, having dominion over earth, etc. But what defines one human before another? What makes one human more interesting and marketable compared to the next? A human being can be “intersectionally” classified by race and class just based off gender. Race and class are not only verifications justified on a driver’s license and country club application background checks, but actually form and shape gender roles even in today’s so called “equal rights” society. One of the most intriguing characters making headlines lately is a, by sex, a male and yet is referred to as a “her” (Jonathan). Big Freedia comes from the musically established city of New Orleans where new genres of music seem to get pumped out by the decade. Big Freedia has taken full advantage of her city and the new music. Her genre of music can be labeled under “Sissy Bounce” subgenre. This type of music is an energetic upbeat twist off from the standard hip-hop music. This genre known as bounce was not started by Big Freedia, and she admits it and says she is just the next artist hoping to put bounce music on the map. (Jonathan) Upfront, Big Freedia is a taller rather larger man, standing at six feet and two inches tall. She dresses very fashionably yet portrays a more masculine look compared to a feminine one. Her...
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...Annotated Bibliography CJA/374 January 2, 2013 Lisa Patrick Annotated Bibliography Teilmann, K. S., & Landry Jr, P. H. (1981). Gender bias in juvenile justice. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 18(1), 47-80. In this article of gender bias in juvenile justice the authors talk about discrimination against females in the justice system. It also talks about female status offenders and how they are treated worse than their male counterparts. This article uses data from six sites in the United States to determine if females are really treated worse than males. The results from this study shows bias against female offenders for some offenses and against boys for others. There is no consistency across the country that shows that these patterns hold true in every jurisdiction. Johnson, David R., and Laurie K. Scheuble. "GENDER BIAS IN THE DISPOSITION OF JUVENILE COURT REFERRALS: THE EFFECTS OF TIME AND LOCATION*." Criminology 29.4 (1991): 677-699. In this article it talks about a theory based on sex role traditionalism. It predicts a more punishing decision for female than for male offenders, while theory based on chivalry predicts greater leniency by the courts for female offenders. This is based on a sample of 36,680 juvenile court referrals in different jurisdictions over a nine year period. The authors use patterns of bias across time, location, offense committed and previous referrals to the court system. The theory that the authors...
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...Gammarus Duebeni has a salinity tolerance and therefore can also be found in estuaries. The species cannot tolerate warm temperatures and will die in temperatures higher than 34C. The Gammarus Duebeni reproduces sexually. Mating occurs after the females molt and ovulate. The species is monogamous. Once the male makes bodily contact with a female, he “chases her, touches her with his divergent antennae and catches her by an appendage” (Sutcliffe). When the male ejaculates sperm, his female partner then puts it in her pouch. Once in there, her oviducts open and the eggs can begin to fertilize. After the mating, the males disperse while the females carry the eggs in their pouches until they hatch and the juveniles grow appendages. The gestation period is between one and three weeks and breeding usually takes place between April and November, depending on water temperatures. After the juveniles have grown appendages, they are released into the open water and the mother is relieved of her maternal duties. The offspring of some Gammarus Duebeni pairs can sometimes be either all males or all females. Juveniles of Gammarus Duebeni, “are sensitive to fluctuations in day length; more males develop after exposure to long daylight hours whereas more females develop at short daylight hours” (Sutcliffe). The Gammarus Duebeni is a motile creature. However it often holds onto vegetation or digs itself into the ground in order to avoid being swept away by strong...
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...et al. wanted to answer whether male field crickets exhibit nonrandom mate preference. They also wanted to determine whether male mate choice was consistent. They hypothesized that mate preference of males was associated with male traits (weight, size, signaling) or with female morphological traits (size, weight, etc.). Specifically, they predicted that males would choose larger and heavier females, as it is possibly linked to female fecundity. b) The study consisted of both virgin male (n=114) and female, lab-reared G. assimilis male field crickets. As juveniles, they were exposed to social cues in a communal environment with consistent food, water, and temperatures. Once the juvenile crickets were adults, they were housed in isolation. The crickets could not see each other, but females could hear the male crickets. All other adult housing conditions were identical to the juvenile conditions. One week after adulthood, Bertram et al. began collecting data on male acoustic signaling for 7-13 days. Specifically, quantifying the amount of time spent signaling and seven fine-scale characteristics of acoustic signaling behavior. After 14 days into adulthood, male mate preference for two randomly selected females of the same age was...
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...dealing with delinquency in juveniles is things such as hanging with juveniles that are around the same age that are showing signs of or that are doing destructive things and not listening or obeying the laws or their elders, difference in maturity levels, because studies have shown that females mature more quickly than males at the juvenile age, and social surroundings also have a huge impact on how the difference in how gender affects the delinquency rate. Females are starting to however catch up with the male juveniles when it comes to the more serious offenses like murder and assaults. Males are more likely to commit crimes such as sexual assaults or crimes that may be sexual in nature but females are more likely to commit crimes such as prostitution and running away from home or shelter which ever they are living in. Social disorders also have a huge impact because they may seem like they are ok on the outside but on the inside they have a lot going on and may be scared of what others are thinking therefor they may go to extremes and act out. It is my belief that a lot of the juveniles that are committing school shootings would fall in to this type of delinquency. In today’s society we see a bunch of delinquency in the juveniles fall back on to how the child or children are raised. If a juvenile is raised around a family that drinks or does drugs then that juvenile rather male or female will most likely drink or do drugs either as a juvenile or as an adult. A child will...
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...and more juveniles that are doing delinquent crimes. People wander what causes so many juveniles to do the crimes that they do. Is it because of family, their gender or can it not getting the attention they need. People wander if the gender between the boys and girls has anything to do with the delinquency. Girls become delinquent for a vary of different reasons than boys. A girl can become delinquent based on the biological, social, and cultural differences between the girls and boys. The hormones onset and brain development, to the child's up bringing in the home, to the way a girl is expected to act in public opposed to how the boys are. Boys are taught to take care of themselves, to be more aggressive towards their goals and to act out more angry and retributive fashion than girls do. Boys are expected to mature faster than girls and are mainly raised by parents that they are to take care of the home. Does families have anything to do with delinquency? Researchers shows that family structures plays a huge part in the characteristics of juvenile delinquencies. In a family, the parents are separated there are less supervision on the children when growing up. Only one parent is present, that parent is doing all the work to provide the household with the income that is needed to take care of the home. The parents usually doesn't know where the children are and what they are doing. The fact of low income housing, where crimes are high, have some to do with the juvenile delinquencies...
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...The idea of female delinquency has been long ignored and focused solely on male counterparts as juvenile offenders when statistically, we see a rise in female offenders when the male offenders leveled off. Many criminology theories researched young males and excluded females due to assumptions which has now caused programs for prevention and intervention male based. The primitive years of criminology research was used for male juveniles and discarded females leaving a scarce amount of theories to consider for females. As we see the numbers grow, some speculate on the rise if it is due to behavioral changes or policing shifts. Obviously, we notice a need to consider girl delinquency in the justice system to fully understand and develop policies as well as theories. Without considering females in research, we may see a ripple effect; “heavily impacted women, particularly women of color, might well be visited upon their younger sisters unless a vigorous campaign of education and advocacy is not launched” (P.119)....
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...Candice Deel ADJ 100 Book Title: The Female Offender: Girls, Women, and Crime (3rd Edition) Authors: Meda Chesney-Lind, Lisa Pasko Introduction: The topic I have chosen to read and do a report on is about the female offender and observations and discussions of female delinquency, from juveniles to adults. In this book the authors discuss gender and cultural factors in women’s lives that often lead to criminal behavior. From this book I am going to discuss several main topics I read about. The following topics are what will be discussed: girls’ troubles and female delinquency; girls, gangs, and violence; the juvenile justice system and girls; trends in women crime; sentencing women to prison: Conclusion: In conclusion, I have included in this report facts about the following topics: girls’ troubles and female delinquency; girls, gangs, violence; the juvenile justice system and girls; trends in women’s crime; sentencing women to prison: equality without justice; and the female offenders, community supervision, and evidence based practices. I have learned a lot from this book as it has discussed female circumstances in incarceration; the roles of race and gender; and females pathways to crime. This book does a great job of exploring all aspects of the female offender: girls, women, and crime. This book’s focus is not only on female juvenile delinquency but it does a great job portraying information on the juvenile justice system and girls. Works Cited ...
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...Social Work: Juvenile Delinquency In the last twenty years, juvenile crime is at its lowest point. It has decreased 36% since 1996 (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention). With this change in crime rate, it can be assumed that the prevention of juvenile delinquency has been a great asset to our country, and leads into the profession of social workers role in juvenile delinquency. An overview of this field requires a social worker to be knowledgeable with criminal law, principles and education that can be gained from experience, familiarity with laws and practices, and awareness of environmental contributors. The social worker must be prepared to work in a variety of settings, and with other professions that contribute to cases. Overview of Social Problem The Social Work Dictionary states that juvenile delinquency is seen as a person under the age of 18 (some jurisdictions go by 21) that have been involved in criminal activity (juvenile delinquency, 2003). In 2002, juvenile delinquency was at its lowest point in the last two decades. Despite the statistics, most people believe that juvenile crime continues to rise. The media plays a great part in this problem because when a violent crime involves young offenders, the media has excessive coverage on situation. The average age of delinquents continue to be younger and younger. Even though juvenile crime has decreased, but serious violent crime rate for boys and girls are excessively high (McWhirter et al, 2007)...
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...family breakups are more prone to delinquency and hyperactivity. Blended families, or step-parent families, are occurring more often yet are less stable than biological families. Sociologist Sara McLanahan found that children who live with both biological parents do better than children who are raised without their biological father. These children are less likely to find and keep a job, finish high school and at a higher risk of becoming teen parents. McLanahan also found that boys who lack their father’s presence are more prone to delinquent behavior. Studies have also found that children who grow up in families experiencing dysfunction and have witnessed violence later show emotional and behavior problems. Many incarcerated juveniles have reported dysfunction in their families....
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...Gender and Family Assignment Introduction to Juvenile Justice By: Margaret Howe Instructor: Cathy Arrowsmith In the last twenty five or more years the rate of female juvenile delinquency has risen faster then that of their male counterparts, who statistical number have actually dropped. Within the criminology community the crimes of girls were often ignored because they were usually sexual in nature or emotional crimes such as killing a husband or boyfriend. Often times crimes committed by young people are done as a means of survival post running away from home. Running away is a very common thing for young people and in many cases these adolescents never return home, usually because they are fleeing a bad situation involving abuse of some kind sexual or physical. With the family unit taking on new meanings in this modern age many young people do not have the support of their family unlike those of previous generations. With the divorce being more common as is single parenting, often times having several children all with different other parents. Stable home environments have become very much a thing of the past. Children are often times not a top priority for their parents and this shows in the children and teens that are produced from this type of home. Female offenders often turn to gang life or sex crimes as a means of survival. In my observations with children I have watched grow, those who have had parents that were involved and had the time to be there for their...
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...STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM What are the causes and consequences of juvenile delinquency? REASON FOR SELECTING AREA OF RESEARCH The researcher has been residing in the community of Dunsinane for a number of years. During this time the researcher has observed the damaging effects of juvenile delinquency on the social and economical development of said community. The researcher has decided to conduct a research to gain insight into the causes and effects of juvenile delinquency and also to find ways to deal with this social problem, as well as to find solutions that will eventually help in eliminating this problem. METHOD OF INVESTIGATION In order to collect accurate and concise data for the study the researcher, Cassandra Gordon has decided to use printed questionnaires. There are a number of advantages in using this method; some of these methods are that: • It requires less time to be completed. • It can be done at the convenience of the person required to have it completed. • It is highly confidential, as participants do not have to mark their names. • Questionnaires are very cost effective when compared to face-to-face interviews. • Questionnaires are easy to analyze, data entry and tabulation can be easily done with the use of questionnaires. • Questionnaires also reduce bias. There is uniform question presentation as the researcher’s own opinions will not influence the respondent to answer questions in a certain...
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...2015 Richard Samante Prof. Martinez 2015 Richard Samante Prof. Martinez Juvenile Delinquency in Manila Juvenile Delinquency in Manila CR-21 CR-21 CHAPTER I Introduction A. Background of the study Delinquents is from the legislatic point of view the minors committing criminal act are not called criminals but delinquents. The persons under eighteen who commit violations of law are called delinquents. The penal codes of almost all the civilized nations make special provisions for the treatment of delinquents in law courts. There is a consensus among criminologists that delinquents should be reformed rather than punished. Earlier, it was mentioned that, throughout most of the world, juvenile offending has been recognized for hundreds of years. It would be logical to wonder exactly how juvenile offenders in historical times were handled. For one thing, as indicated earlier, there were, however, juvenile institutions and other procedures for handling juveniles that were created in America during the 19th (Roseheim et al. 2002). Historical accounts of the development of the juvenile justice system throughout the world indicate that before separate institutions and proceedings for juveniles were established in the 19th, juveniles were often treated as if they were small adults. Even children of royal families in England, for example, were exposed to adult situations, such as sexual activity among adults, and were thought to be ready for adult roles in society if they...
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...More than 67 million Americans from the age of 18 or younger are commonly referred to as juveniles. An juvenile areclassified as an young people who have committed minor and major crimes. Between 1995 and 2015, the number of black juveniles is expected to increase 19%, American Indian juveniles 17%, and Asian/Pacific Islander juveniles 74%, and while white juveniles will increase 3%. As the population increases the juvenile justice system will mostly likewise change. The Law enforcement states that approximately two-thirds of all arrested youth are sent to a court with juvenile jurisdiction for further booking. Many juvenile offenses go unreported and do not become a part of notice crimes. Many minor offenses committed by juveniles are...
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