...Different schools of Psychology to the advancement of the field of Psychology Psychology began or has its roots in philosophy, the mother of all sciences. Aristotle in his works speaks rather remotely on different aspects of psychology. Among some of Aristotle’s major and famous works namely metaphysics, De Anime; he speaks of the soul which in profound consideration could come to the conclusion that it sounds synonymous with our modern understanding of ‘mind’. Thus psychology was a part of philosophy from the very beginning through it stands independently now. Further long before Aristotle existed; philosophers like Thales, Pythagoras, Heraclites and Parmenides spoke on the same subject even though it was not that much elaborated. Here we cannot forget the contribution made by Plato. He very clearly explains in his dialogues further on this matter. Psychology originated very simply as a result of the development of the metaphysical approach of the people of different times. In sociology it is an acceptable fact that the prevailing circumstances and state of a particular social milieu make a great impact on a particular matter. This impact varies from place to place time to time depending on the social characteristics. By inferences the aforementioned is the reason why there are different schools in psychology. When we analyses it stands to reason that all psychologists were trying to deal with the same matter. They have seen the same problems or the issues with regard to ‘mind’...
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...Psychology Field Journal to 02.06 Aging What were the most significant findings in each study? Study 1- Women surprisingly in this study did not see old age and people as a curse but found them interesting and fun to deal with. Women showed positive interactions with interactions with elders and also care for them more like for example if the elder would be going through hard times the women would adopt those feelings as well. Men had negative or docile reactions to old age seeing as an oncoming problem in the future and kept interactions with elderly at a low. With pictures and drawings men were more likely to draw old men with canes and supporters with old and tired figures. While the women were more positive with seeing it as a time to have fun and relax together. We grasped from this study that even though women respond more positively than man with old age we also see that they have more anxiety towards it also. Study 2- With elderly people many people have negative responses towards how they feel getting old. Some say getting old is like draining your self not having the same energy and chances to do things as before, while others say its like a strength because it feels good to grow old it has great pride for getting this far. We see time has a stronger viewpoint than ever before with people thinking as time is more limited or others feel there out of pace with it going too fast or too slow. Lastly we see how family and interactions affect the elderly with the growing...
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...Fundamental Concepts of the Field of Industrial/Organizational Psychology Rosa Parker Psychology 435 Industrial/organizational Psychology October 12, 2010 Andrea Caballero, Ph.D Fundamental Concepts of the Field of Industrial/Organizational Psychology The field of Industrial/Organizational Psychology has been rapidly growing after it was originally used during World War I and has become an imperative part of any large organization here in the United States as well as around the world. The Industrial/Organizational Psychologist’s are frequently confused with that of a Human Resources as Industrial/Organizational Psychologist may have been involved in the initial hiring process as well as developing standard operating procedures for a position. In this paper the fundamental concepts and evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology will be examined; difference between industrial/organizational psychology from other disciplines, how industrial/organization psychology is used in organizations as well as the role of research and statistics in industrial/organizational psychology will be examined. Fundamental Concepts and Evolution “As its two-part name implies, the field of I/O psychology contains two major divisions: the industrial (or personnel) and the organizational. Although the content of the two major divisions overlaps and cannot be easily separated, each grew out of different traditions in the history of the field (Spector, 2008).”Some...
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...Fundamental Concepts of the Field of Industrial/Organizational PsychologyFundamental Concepts of the Field of Industrial/Organizational Psychology Rosa Parker Psychology 435 Industrial/organizational Psychology October 12, 2010 Andrea Caballero, Ph.D Fundamental Concepts of the Field of Industrial/Organizational Psychology The field of Industrial/OrganizationalPsychology has been rapidly growing after it was originally used during World War I and has become an imperative part of any large organization here in the United States as well as around the world. The Industrial/Organizational Psychologist’sare frequently confused with that of a Human Resources as Industrial/Organizational Psychologist may have been involved in the initial hiring process as well as developing standard operating procedures for a position. Inthis paper the fundamental concepts and evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology will be examined; difference between industrial/organizational psychology from other disciplines, how industrial/organization psychology is used in organizations as well as the role of research and statistics in industrial/organizational psychology will be examined. Fundamental Concepts and Evolution “As its two-part name implies, the field of I/O psychology contains two major divisions: the industrial (or personnel) and the organizational. Although the content of the two major divisions overlaps and cannot be easily separated, each grew out of different...
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...• List the seven major fields in psychology. Describe what a psychologist in each field would do. The seven major fields in psychology include developmental, physiological, industrial and organizational, personality, experimental, social, and finally, the practice of clinical and counseling psychology. In developmental psychology, psychologists study the progressive changes in people and in their lives, either from childhood, adolescence, or full-grown adulthood. Physiological psychology focuses primarily on the impacts and the source of human emotion, thoughts, and what causes their reactions. The fundamental fields in industrial and organizational psychology include the many different methods in applying their knowledge for improving a workplace. Personality psychology is the study of the human being and their overall functions; this includes the study of the social, stability, and the ability to cope, among many other traits of a single individual. In experimental psychology, scientists, research processes of human emotion, the ability to learn, think, and motivate, amongst other analyses. Social society is the study of how persons may be affected negatively and positively by their social environment; such as the capability to conform, and meet required laws. Finally, the basics of clinical and counseling psychology, the clinical portion focus on the treatment...
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...TASK: Using examples clearly distinguish between the following. a) Clinical psychology, Health psychology, psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine b) Show how the other three are interrelated with health psychology Clinical psychology is both a health care profession , and a health-related scientific discipline (Carr, 2012). As a profession clinical psychology involves using clinical judgement to apply knowledge from the scientific discipline in clinical practice with clients and patients. Clinical practice involves the assessment, treatment and prevention of psychological problems in a range of populations. For example helping a boy who is failing in school and defiant with his parents and teachers; helping a woman with depression regulate her mood more effectively; helping a family of a person whose psychotic whose psychotic symptoms have been reduced through using medication to develop a supportive style to prevent relapse. Scientific knowledge about clinical psychology is developed through initial academic training, ongoing continuing professional development and research. As a scientific discipline, clinical psychology entails research conducted to find out how best to understand, assess, treat and prevent psychological problems and also to find out how widespread psychological problems are (Carr, 2012). The result of clinical psychology research provides information for planning services for whole populations, and evaluating and treating individual cases in evidence-based...
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...Psychology is a huge topic and conveying the depth and breadth of the subject can be difficult. As a result, a number of different fields of psychology have emerged to deal with specific subtopics within the study of the mind, brain and behavior. Most general and introductory psychology courses cover many of these fields of psychology. As you delve deeper into the subject, you’ll soon find courses offered in each individual area. Each field of psychology represents a specific area of study focused on a particular topic. Oftentimes, psychologists specialize in one of these areas as a career. The following are just some of the major fields of psychology. For many of these specialty areas, additional graduate study in that particular field is required. * Abnormal Psychology: Abnormal psychology is a field of psychology that deals with psychopathology and abnormal behavior. The term covers a broad range of disorders, from depression to obsession-compulsion to sexual deviation and many more. Counselors, clinical psychologists and psychotherapists often work directly in this field. * Biopsychology: Biopsychology is a field of psychology that analyzes how the brain and neurotransmitters influence our behaviors, thoughts and feelings. This field can be thought of as a combination of basic psychology and neuroscience. * Clinical Psychology: Clinical psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with the assessment and treatment of mental illness, abnormal behavior...
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...Environmental Psychology PSY 460 Environmental Psychology Many individuals are familiar with Counseling Psychology, and many think psychology only deals with mental problems. However, the field of psychology has various disciplines that apply to every aspect of human life. One of those disciplines is Environmental Psychology. Individual’s interactions with his or her man-made or natural environment can have an impact on psychological health and behavior. Environmental psychologists research how people interact within his or her everyday environment. There are several theoretical approaches to the discipline of environmental psychology, which will be discussed further. The important contributions of environmental psychology come from research, and the relevance of research in the field is imperative to understanding the discipline as a whole. What is Environmental Psychology? The field of environmental psychology can best be condensed into an interdisciplinary psychological science that is concerned with the interactions of humans and his or her surrounding environment. Environmental psychologists research both the details and the overall effects of environment on human emotion and behavior (Fisher, 2007). The discipline of environmental psychology involves everything from architecture design to ecological impact. Many environmental psychologists will seek help from other scientific disciplines to aid in his or her research and work within the field of study. The overall goal...
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...Environmental Psychology Environmental psychology is a discipline or field of psychology dealing with conservation and health psychologies. There are many theoretical approaches to environmental psychology. Several of these theories also tie into individual psychology as well. Two of the theories that connect both these psychologies are the alderian theory and Barker’s theory of under population. Research is very important to both the theories and environmental psychology as a field. Research and the lack of visible results was one of the reasons this field was born from the conservationist field of psychology. Environmental Psychology Environmental psychology examines the interrelationship between environments and human behavior and in this field the term environment is defined very broadly to include all that is natural on the planet as well as social settings, built environments, learning environments and informational environments (Young, 1999). From the beginning, environmental psychology has included researchers concerned with the health of the environment, and a great deal of research relevant to conservation psychology has been done by environmental psychologists (Clayton & Myers, 2009). Environmental psychologies roots come from late 1960s studies and research of other fields, although its exact origin is somewhat unknown (Clayton & Myers, 2009). There are many theories about this particular field of study – environmental psychology. Theories of...
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...Background of psychology Psychology has brief history as a scientific discipline though it has been studied since ancient time under the faculty of philosophy. The word psychology was derived from Greek word 'psyche' and 'logos' literal meaning of which was 'soul' and 'study' respectively. The definition of psychology had ever been in the process of change since then. The development of psychology can broadly be traced into four periods: Ancient Greek period, per-modern period, modern period and current status 1. Greek period: Greek philosophers had contributed much for the development of psychology. Some of the key contributors were Socrates was interested in studying the reincarnation of soul. Soul or mind was considered as the representation of individuals. Plato, a bright student of Socrates expanded Socrates concepts in philosophy about life and soul. It was Aristotle who wrote first book in psychology called Para Psyche; about the mind or soul. In the book, he introduced the basic ideas in psychology today, like law of association. However, the notion of psychology was primarily related to study of soul or mind at that stage. Later on it was found that physical existence of soul was doubtful. Also, there was controversy in defining soul and mind among the philosopher. The contributors of the period never focused on the behavior of individual. That is why the attention was diverted from the study of soul or mind 2. Pre-modern period it was during 1800's that psychology was established...
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... April McCormick PSY/435 April 23, 2012 Dorothy Rodwell Industrial and Organization Psychologist Industrial and organizational psychology has been the study of psychology within the workplace since the 1800”s (Spector, 2008). Industrial/Organizational Psychology is the learning of different events within the job surrounding I/O psychology is extremely important within the workplace for employees. I/O psychology helps employee’s behaviors toward each other, customers, and it helps restore the business. Industrial and organizational psychology is an incorporation of psychological principles within a workplace to solve its problems (Spector, 2008). I/O psychology is basically there to improve the environment and the quality for employees, and to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of behavior in a business (Spector, 2008). Evolution of Industrial/Organizational Psychology In the 1800s and early 1900s psychologist was applying the theories of psychology to organization of business (Spector, 2008). The two scientists who started industrial/organizational psychology are Hugo Munsterberg and Walter Dill Scott who was university professors who had an interest in employee, and application of new psychological tests of industry. Scott and Munsterberg wrote two books one in 1903 The Theory of Advertising, and in 1913 Psychology and Industrial Efficiency. In 1911Fredrick Winslow Taylor developed the theory of “Scientific Management” (Koppes, 2007, p. 313). Frank Gilbreth...
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...Social Psychology Like many fields of psychology, social psychology is no different. From its foundation it has inspired many conflicts and different views and all the while still finds a way to add to the study of the field of psychology. The following will discuss the meaning of social psychology, how social psychology differs from other related disciplines and explains the main types of research approaches and/or methods along with their roles within social psychology. In short, the definition of social psychology is the study of the relations between people and groups. Those who specialize in this field of study normally already have specialized in fields of their own and are usually psychologists or sociologists even though both sides use both the individual and group as their units of analysis. Myers defines social psychology as, "the scientific study of how people think about, influence and relate to one another." (Myers, 2010, p. 3). This type of psychology includes how people’s thoughts, behaviors or feelings are affect by others. Social psychology does differ from other disciplines such as clinical psychology, general psychology, and sociology. Even though some of them overlap between disciplines, they each hold an alternate focus and are different in other aspects as well. To give an example of this, sociological and psychological researchers often have different goals, motives, methods, and terminology. Social psychology and sociology also have separate academic...
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...of various career opportunities in the field of psychology was conducted. In this paper three different professional psychology sub-specialties fields were explored by gathering information from various websites. The three sub-specialty fields discussed are an Experimental Psychology, Industrial/Organizational Psychology and Health Psychology. Experimental Psychology The experimental psychology field is one that conducts research in cognitive behaviors of humans and animals, neuroscience and personalities. The field does this research using the scientific method. The experimental psychologist work setting can widely range from college and universities, to government and facility based settings. The information gathered is used in a variety of ways, including therapeutic methods, work related production issues, employee wellness and even employee safety issues. The methods used for the research also vary depending on the area being studied. The models all follow scientific methodology, utilizing group settings, manipulating independent variables, collecting the data and then forming a hypothesis (APA, 2012). The education preparation and training for an experimental psychologist is usually focused on research and how to conduct this research. The minimum education needed is a master’s degree in general psychology or experimental psychology. To advance in research, certain schools/Universities or salary a doctorate degree in psychology is almost always required (APA, 2012)....
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...Clinical psychology is an expansive branch that combines general practice with health services. In clinical psychology, the main focus is on diagnosing, assessing, evaluating, and treating behavioral, emotional, and mental disorders. This field became more widely recognized toward the end of the nineteenth century (American Board of Professional Psychology, n.d.). Research and statistics help the field to grow and helps psychologists and those in the mental health field to understand more about disorders and behaviors. This field also shares some similarities, as well as differences, with other mental health professions. The history of clinical psychology is a rich one, and the field continues to grow. Clinical Psychology History Before psychology was a science, it was a practice. It is believed that the practice of psychology has always existed. However, the science of psychology emerged from philosophy. The many ideas and thoughts of philosophers laid the foundation of psychology (Benjamin, 2005). The field of psychology began as a mixture of philosophy, medicine, and theology. In the late 1800’s, The Elements of Psychophysics was published by Theodor Fechner, and Principles of Physiological Psychology was published by Wilhelm Wundt. These two publications allowed the explanation that physics and physiology could be used to answer questions on a psychological level. Wundt opened the first laboratory for psychology in Germany. When he opened his laboratory, psychology as a science...
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...Organizational Psychology Alisa M. Davis Psych 570/Organizational Psychology March 28, 2012 University of Phoenix Organizational Psychology The field of organizational psychology focuses more on group type settings and situations, usually in offices and workplace environments. This field of psychology takes research and theories to intervene and communicate numerous strategies and applies them in group situations in both workplace and non-workplace settings. Psychologists in this field are usually focused on helping individuals better understand his or her interactions with others, so that each individual can better work together to accomplish goals at hand. This paper will define organizational psychology and explain the evolution of the field of organizational psychology. This paper will also compare and contrast organizational psychology with related disciplines and analyze the role of research and statistics in the field of organizational psychology. Definition of Organizational Psychology According to Rutgers On-line Dictionary (2007) the definition of organizational psychology has an in-depth meaning. The definition consists of intervening in a situation that deals with individuals in order to achieve one or numerous objectives. These objectives usually involve raising or improving performance, improving relationships and systems, enhancing equity and fairness and increasing subjective well being (Jex...
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