...Capital Budgeting Case The Gillette Company is a globally company which focuses in male grooming products. In order to maintain Gillette Company’s market leadership, the company recently has introduced Excel and MACH3 these two new products into the market. Compared the analysis of income statements of Excel and the combination of MACH3 and Excel, we found out that the Gillette Company should go forward with the development of the MACH3 shaving system because we found the net present value of the combination of MACH3 and Excel is higher than the net present value of Excel system. Through the information, we found out that the sales of MACH3 during 2009~2014. “Gillette’s sales of the Excel line are expected to reach $1 billion per year by 2007 and to stabilize at that figure. However, the introduction of the MACH3 is expected to replace 8% of Excel’s sales”. Hence, we knew that the revenue of Excel is 92million [(1-8%)*1billion] in the system of MACH3 and Excel, while the revenue of Excel is 1 billion every year during 2009-2014 just in Excel system. Under MACH3 & Excel system, the expense includes manufacturing expense (6% of MACH’s sales; 75% of Excel’s sales), interest expense (6% of loan—300million) and advertising expense (70million-09, 50million-10, 2011-2014 decline at 20%). The useful life is 5 years, so through the table 9-2 we can calculate the depreciation expense in each year. Then we can calculate the gross profit before tax (= revenue-expense-depreciation)...
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...ECO 316 Week 3 DQ 2 This archive file of ECO 316 Week 3 Discussion Question 2 Should I Expect a Bail Out? contains: From Chapter 15, complete problem 19 (page 363): Suppose that you manage a small SL that has a net worth of -$50 million. You fear that within two years, regulators will discover that your firm is insolvent and will shut you down. You have two possible investment strategies: (a) continue to operate as you have been, offering market interest rates on CDs to finance mortgage loans, or (b) offer higher than market interest rates on CDs and use the increased funds to speculate in junk bonds and real estate. Your analysis tells you that strategy (a) has a 10% chance of losing $10 million and a 90% chance of gaining $20 million, with an expected return of $17 million. Strategy (b) has an 80% chance of losing $50 million and a 20% chance of gaining $75 million, with an expected return of -$25 million. What strategy should you follow? Why? What are the consequences of your choice? What should a regulator do in this situation? How might your behavior change if you expect a government bail out? Economics - General Economics Week 1 Should You Invest Short Term? - Week1 DQ1 ECO316 What are the implications of a U.S. policy to “bail out” firms and heavily subsidize the economy? How could such a policy create inflation and higher interest rates? If you have cash available should you wait until interest rates rise? Treasury Inflation Protection...
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...Petway HCS 405 December 14, 2014 Professor Jennifer Noren Reporting Practices and Ethics Introduction Success comes from effectively implementing the four elements of financial management: planning, controlling, organizing, and decision-making. These four recognized elements allow health care organizations to adjust the inflow and outflow to achieve the most beneficial outcome. A health care organization’s success depends on more than just providing excellent service to patients. One of the most important aspects of any business, including health care, is to stand by their ethical standards. It is vital for health care organizations to conduct their businesses and report finances ethically and in compliance with all laws and regulations. Four Elements of Financial Management Planning is one of the four important parts of managing a company. Planning consists of identifying the best way to achieve the organization's goal. First the manager needs to identify the main objectives needed to reach the goal. Then the manager needs to recognize what steps need to be taken to reach each objective. Essentially, the manager is developing a plan by breaking up one large goal and categorizing it into smaller goals (objectives). These objectives can then be delegated to appropriate teams with steps on how to reach each one. Controlling is another vital element and is the act of supervising everyone involved...
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...future new investments, the business risks are more likely to increase or change. Thus in summary, the assumption made by this theory is unrealistic as the concept mentioned that the dividend policy has impact on the market value of the share. Gordon’s Model: This theory is also believe in the relevance of dividends on company’s value. This model states the current dividends as important in determining the value of the firm. The Gordon's theory on dividend policy stated that the company's dividend payout policy and the relationship between its rate of return (r) and the cost of capital (k) influences the market price per share of the company[1]. The company is an all equity company with no debt, and retained earnings will be used to finance any new investment so there is no any external financing is available, all of this is with constant return and constant cost of capital. There is no any corporate tax exist, and the company will have a perpetual stream of earnings, but the retention ratio and growth rate will be constant. So, the cost of capital will be greater than the growth rate. According to this model the D/share will increase when earnings are retained. The D/share is equal to the payout ratio multiplied by earnings (EPS * (1-B)). The firm value based on dividend growth model will be [1, 2, 4]: P0 = [EPS(1-B)] / (K-G) Where: (1-B): the retention ratio of the firm given b as the payout ratio. G: the growth rate and is always less than k. The arguments on this...
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...Running Head: HIGH-RISK AUDIT CLIENT Assignment 4: Eastman Kodak Sarah Hescox Instructor: Mrs. Ashley Braun Harper, MS, CPA Advanced Auditing 06/16/2013 HIGH-RISK AUDIT CLIENT Current Financial Condition Based on its most recent quarterly report, that was issued April 29, 2013, Eastman Kodak’s current financial position seems strong with a net earnings of 283 million compared to the previous year’s loss of 366 million, however provided additional information, it is actually less than favorable. Kodak’s Short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt increased by over 150 million from the previous years, and its goodwill value decreased almost 100 million due to the decreasing value of the patented technology. I think an area of concern that would be a “red flag” for its public accounting firm to consider would be that in future periods, not only will Kodak have to make enough profit to sustain itself, but it also has legal responsibilities to pay back loans under the Junior DIP credit agreement and the Amended and Restated Senior DIP Credit Agreement, however, in Kodak’s quarterly report, they state “There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to meet the requirements under our Amended and Restated Senior DIP Credit Agreement, the Junior DIP Credit Agreement or the emergence credit facility” (Kodak, 2013). Another red flag for auditors to consider would be Kodak’s statement that “Kodak is developing a strategic plan for the ongoing operation...
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...scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Financial Management Association International, Wiley are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Financial Management This content downloaded from 202.79.21.43 on Tue, 26 Apr 2016 11:33:11 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms An Assessment of Corporate Cash Management Practices Lawrence J. Gitman, Edward A. Moses, and I. Thomas White Lawrence J. Gitman and Edward A. Moses are Associate Professors of Finance in the College of Business Administration at the University of Tulsa. I. Thomas White is a mechanical engineer with Mobil Pipeline Company in Dallas, Texas. The cost of preparation, distribution, and other clerical chores required by this study was funded through a University of Tulsa Faculty Research Grant. The Evolution of Cash Management2 Introduction Practitioners often criticize academicians for devot- Only during the Great Depression of the late 1920s and early 1930s were managers first concerned with liquidity. Before this, they paid more attention to choosing appropriate financing instruments...
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...Does your career plan include a world of lifelong success? Program of Professional Studies THE CERTIFIED GENERAL ACCOUNTANTS ASSOCIATION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA We see more than numbers. Choose a career that places you on the path to lifelong success. It’s all about opportunity. Accounting professionals can work in any sector, anywhere in the world. And when you choose CGA, you’ll gain the leadership, problem-solving and technical skills that are sought after by organizations in the private, public and not-for-profit sectors. The CGA Program of Professional Studies gives you the tools to succeed in business, no matter where your career takes you. You’ll enter the workforce with the applied knowledge and demonstrated expertise that employers want, including specialized technical knowledge, sectorspecific competencies, problem-solving skills and the ethical integrity to lead. CGA’s competency-based curriculum is simply your best way to prepare for a rewarding career in financial management. Flexible study options and the freedom to choose the career you want CGA is all about choice. You choose the professional-studies path and real-world experience that best match your career goals and interests. We give you the skills and freedom to work in any type of organization, in any industry, at any level of management. With a CGA designation, your opportunities—both professional and personal, at home and around the world—are limitless. Take your place as a highly respected...
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...Accredited Tertiary Courses Listing 2012 Accredited Tertiary Courses Listing 2012 – as at 26 September 2012 1 2012 Accredited Undergraduate Courses AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY The Australian National University University of Canberra NEW SOUTH WALES Australian Catholic University Australian Institute of Higher Education Avondale College Charles Sturt University Kings Own Institute Macquarie University Southern Cross University Top Education Institute The University of New England The University of New South Wales The University of Newcastle The University of Sydney University of Technology, Sydney University of Western Sydney University of Wollongong Williams Business College NORTHERN TERRITORY Charles Darwin University QUEENSLAND Australian Catholic University Bond University Central Queensland University Christian Heritage College Griffith University James Cook University Queensland University of Technology The University of Queensland The University of Southern Queensland University of the Sunshine Coast SOUTH AUSTRALIA Flinders University Kaplan Business School The University of Adelaide University of South Australia Open Universities (conferred by Uni of SA) TASMANIA University of Tasmania VICTORIA Australian Catholic University Cambridge International College Carrick Higher Education Deakin University Holmes Institute Holmesglen Institute of TAFE La Trobe University Melbourne Institute of Technology Monash University Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE RMIT...
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...Accounting Horizons Vol. 27, No. 2 2013 pp. 301–318 American Accounting Association DOI: 10.2308/acch-50434 Capital Structure, Earnings Management, and Sarbanes-Oxley: Evidence from Canadian and U.S. Firms Kelly E. Carter SYNOPSIS: I examine Sarbanes-Oxley’s (SOX) effect on capital structure. I find that SOX is associated with higher long-term debt ratios, as firms listed in the U.S. raise their long-term debt ratios by 2 to 3 percentage points. This finding is consistent with the idea that, although the reduction in information asymmetry associated with SOX could prompt managers to increase equity financing, debt is still safer and less costly than equity in the SOX era. Further analysis shows that the increase in debt occurs in the two quarters prior to SOX, suggesting that firms anticipate a higher cost of debt after SOX and acquire debt while it is relatively cheap. Also, firms that heavily (lightly) manage earnings prior to SOX use less (more) debt after SOX. This result is consistent with the view that firms that aggressively manage earnings before SOX reveal intrinsically weaker earnings after SOX, casting doubt on those firms’ ability to repay debt and relegating those firms to issue equity for financing purposes. Keywords: capital structure; earnings management; debt ratio; Sarbanes-Oxley. JEL Classifications: G32; G38. Data Availability: Data available upon request. Kelly E. Carter is an Assistant Professor at Morgan State University. I...
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...International Journal of Management (IJM) Volume 7, Issue 3, March-April 2016, pp. 172–184, Article ID: IJM_07_03_016 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=7&IType=3 Journal Impact Factor (2016): 8.1920 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510 © IAEME Publication INVESTOR EXPECTATIONS ON ‘RETURN’ AND ‘TRUST’ ON IPO GRADING: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS Biju Thomas Muttath Head–Finance (Star Group), Research Scholar, R&D Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore–46, T.N, India Dr. Assissi Menachery Professor, Loyola Institute of Technology & Science, K.K Dist, T.N, India ABSTRACT Oversubscription during IPO is the result of demand over supply due to investors’ keen interest and expectation to subscribe new shares. Grading agencies play a major role in attracting investors to subscribe shares during IPO. This is due to the ‘trust’ that investors have on the grading agency, regarding its capability to perform research on the key fundamental indicators. Informed and knowledgeable investors act vigorously to get maximum shares during the initial public offer. Book building pricing method plays vital role in attracting the investors who anticipate efficient price discovery. The study attempts to provide insights to investors on how significantly efficient the listing prices of oversubscribed shares between 1 to 5 grades by approved rating agencies are; as well as the profitability...
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...Journal of Banking & Finance 22 (1998) 613±673 The economics of small business ®nance: The roles of private equity and debt markets in the ®nancial growth cycle Allen N. Berger a a,b,* , Gregory F. Udell c Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Washington, DC 20551, USA b Wharton Financial Institutions Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA c Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Abstract This article examines the economics of ®nancing small business in private equity and debt markets. Firms are viewed through a ®nancial growth cycle paradigm in which different capital structures are optimal at dierent points in the cycle. We show the sources of small business ®nance, and how capital structure varies with ®rm size and age. The interconnectedness of small ®rm ®nance is discussed along with the impact of the macroeconomic environment. We also analyze a number of research and policy issues, review the literature, and suggest topics for future research. Ó 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classi®cation: G21; G28; G34; E58; L89 Keywords: Venture capital; Small business lending; Bank; Mergers 1. Introduction The role of the entrepreneurial enterprise as an engine of economic growth has garnered considerable public attention in the 1990s. Much of this focus * Corresponding author. Tel.: 1 202 452 2903; fax: 1 202 452 5295; e-mail: aberger@frb.gov. 0378-4266/98/$19.00 Ó 1998 Published...
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...Project Financing Asset-Based Financial Engineering Second Edition JOHN D. FINNERTY, Ph.D. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Project Financing Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons is the oldest independent publishing company in the United States. With offices in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia, Wiley is globally committed to developing and marketing print and electronic products and services for our customers’ professional and personal knowledge and understanding. The Wiley Finance series contains books written specifically for finance and investment professionals as well as sophisticated individual investors and their financial advisors. Book topics range from portfolio management to e-commerce, risk management, financial engineering, valuation, and financial instrument analysis, as well as much more. For a list of available titles, visit our Web site at www.WileyFinance.com. Project Financing Asset-Based Financial Engineering Second Edition JOHN D. FINNERTY, Ph.D. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright C 2007 by John D. Finnerty. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. Wiley Bicentennial Logo: Richard J. Pacifico No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States...
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...Instructor’s Manual Fundamentals of Financial Management twelfth edition James C. Van Horne John M. Wachowicz JR. ISBN 0 273 68514 7 Pearson Education Limited 2005 Lecturers adopting the main text are permitted to photocopy the book as required. © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk Previous editions published under the Prentice-Hall imprint Twelfth edition published under the Financial Times Prentice Hall imprint 2005 © 2001, 1998 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. © Pearson Education Limited 2005 The rights of James C. Van Horne and John M. Wachowicz JR. to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988. ISBN: 0 273 68514 7 All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission of the Publishers, for educational purposes only. In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road...
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...Instructor’s Manual Fundamentals of Financial Management twelfth edition James C. Van Horne John M. Wachowicz JR. ISBN 0 273 68514 7 Pearson Education Limited 2005 Lecturers adopting the main text are permitted to photocopy the book as required. © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk Previous editions published under the Prentice-Hall imprint Twelfth edition published under the Financial Times Prentice Hall imprint 2005 © 2001, 1998 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. © Pearson Education Limited 2005 The rights of James C. Van Horne and John M. Wachowicz JR. to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988. ISBN: 0 273 68514 7 All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission of the Publishers, for educational purposes only. In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road...
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...Instructor’s Manual Fundamentals of Financial Management twelfth edition James C. Van Horne John M. Wachowicz JR. ISBN 0 273 68514 7 Pearson Education Limited 2005 Lecturers adopting the main text are permitted to photocopy the book as required. © Pearson Education Limited 2005 Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk Previous editions published under the Prentice-Hall imprint Twelfth edition published under the Financial Times Prentice Hall imprint 2005 © 2001, 1998 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. © Pearson Education Limited 2005 The rights of James C. Van Horne and John M. Wachowicz JR. to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988. ISBN: 0 273 68514 7 All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission of the Publishers, for educational purposes only. In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the Publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road...
Words: 80242 - Pages: 321
