...forecasts on demand are made. These methods are generally used to make short-run forecast of demand. Survey methods are further sub-divided in to: Consumers’ Survey and Experts’ Opinion and Survey of Managerial Plans. A. Consumers’ Survey: Consumers’ survey involves direct interview of the potential consumers who are contacted by the interviewer and asked how much they would be willing to buy a given product at different prices. Consumers’ survey may take any form as: Complete Enumeration Sample Survey, or End-Use Method 1. Complete Enumeration Method: In complete enumeration survey, all the consumers of the product are contacted and asked to indicate their plans to purchasing the production in question for the forecast period. The demand forecast for the total census consumption is obtained simply by adding the intended demand of all...
Words: 2994 - Pages: 12
...two, before with some others help to classify igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. The First Group is Igneous rocks are historical first by construction. This is broken down mainly into grain size. First there are intrusive, or plutonic igneous rocks. These types of rocks cool within the crust and form large, visible crystals. The opposite would be extrusive, or volcanic rocks. “These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive”. Types of Extrusive Rocks Basalt is normally a dense, dark, massive rocks, high in calcium and iron magnesium- bearing minerals and low in quartz content. Andesite is an extrusive rock intermediate in composition between rhyolite and basalt. Andesite lava is of moderate viscosity and forms thick lava flows and domes. Rhyolite is a felsic extrusive rock. Due to the high silica content, rhyolite lava is very viscous. It flows slowly, like tooth paste squeezed out of a tube, and tends to pile up and form lava domes. Intrusive igneous rocks are made from silica and plagioclase. They tend to be grays and browns in color. And then, felsic rocks are light in color and contains with some amphibole and biotitew. Granite is an igneous rock composed mostly of two minerals: quartz and feldspar. It is an intrusive rock, meaning that it crystallized from magma that cooled far below the earth's surface. Diorite is an intrusive rock intermediate in composition between gabbro and granite. It is produced in volcanic arcs, and in mountain building...
Words: 734 - Pages: 3
...Highest price rise in primary and upstream products b) A moderate rise in intermediate goods prices c) Least hikes in prices of finished and consumer products In the light of these features and trends in inflation, ASSOCHAM suggests four pronged anti-inflationary package. These includes Structural Correction for Structural Inflation: This calls for a comprehensive action plan for the farm sector, involving among other measures, a programme for a “Horticultural revolution” for increasing productivity of fruits and vegetables, fish and poultry. Controlling form inflation is a joint responsibility of the union Government and RBI. Only monetary policy adjustment will not correct such trend price rises. 2 Hence, RBI need not raise policy rates every time form prices are rising, as analysis shows farm price are not responding to monetary policy changes. Manufactured good inflation is showing for greater responsiveness to monetary policy changes. RBI should concentrate more on controlling these prices Going into the disaggregated and Sectoral price behavior of manufacturing goods, we find the dynamics of change is more in upstream industries because of shortages. We suggest that upstream and intermediate goods prices rise should be contained by raising their production within the country. This will also have major implications for the current account. Hence, a Low-interest regime encouraging first investment for capacity creation in industrial sector could be the most...
Words: 2563 - Pages: 11
...POSITION |NAME |SIGNATURE |DATE | | |Author |Steve Hocking | | | |Global Operations Director |Paul Balkwell | | | |Global Quality Manager |Susan Lewis | | | |REVISED BY |DATE |ACTION |QA APPROVED BY |DATE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide clear guidance in the handling of pharmaceutical shipments that are to be shipped on the PDP National and International...
Words: 8740 - Pages: 35
...Port Policy December 1995 Ports & Fisheries Department Government of Gujarat India INTRODUCTION Gujarat, situated on the western coast of India, is a principal Maritime State endowed with favourable strategic port locations. The prominence of Gujarat is by a virtue of having nearly 1600 kms long coastline, which accounts for 1/3rd of the coastline of India and being the nearest maritime outlet to Middle East, Africa and Europe. In 1991, Government of India initiated various economic, trade and industrial reforms, through the policy of liberalisation to enhance industrial and trading activities. The rationalisation of import duties and stress on export promotion have seen imports increasing by 24% and export by 25%. Gujarat State, is one of those frontline States that can take up the policy of liberalisation and privatisation, announced by the Govenment of India through a process of globalisation. Gujarat itself is experiencing a phenomenal interest in investment both from MegaIndustrial sectors within the country and also from top Multi Nationals abroad. Investment to the tune of $ 30 billion are already in the pipeline. From an analysis of the present investments and those that are flowing in, one can perceive a particular trend which is manifesting itself - investments are converging in and around potential port sites. Investments of over Rs. 16.000 crores are taking place at Hazira, Rs. 15,000 crores are planned at Vagra. Rs. 20,000 crores are planned in areas near Pipavav...
Words: 5086 - Pages: 21
...4, determining quantities, 5, 6, 8, 9 costs, and items to be included in inventory; the inventory equation; balance sheet disclosure. 1, 3 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 1, 2, 3 2. Perpetual vs. periodic. 2 9, 13, 17, 20 4, 5, 6 3. Recording of discounts. 10, 11 7, 8 3 4. Inventory errors. 7 4 5, 10, 11, 12 2 5. Flow assumptions. 12, 13, 16, 18, 20 5, 6, 7 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 6. Inventory accounting changes. 18 7 6, 7, 10 7. Dollar-value LIFO methods. 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 1, 8, 9, 10, 11 8, 9 Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 14, 15, 17, 18, 19 8, 9 Kieso, Intermediate Accounting, 15/e, Solutions Manual 4 (For Instructor Use Only) 8-1 ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE (BY LEARNING OBJECTIVE) Learning Objectives Questions Brief Exercises Exercises Problems Concepts for Analysis 1. Identify major classifications of inventory. 1 1 2. Distinguish between perpetual and periodic inventory systems. 3 2 4, 9, 13, 17 4, 5, 6 3. Determine the goods included in inventory and the effects of inventory errors on the financial statements. 4, 5, 6, 7 4 5, 10, 11, 12 2 CA8-3, CA8-5 4. Understand the items to include as inventory cost. 8 3 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 1, 2, 3 CA8-1, CA8-2, CA8-4 5. Describe...
Words: 20989 - Pages: 84
...“The Expectation Gap” By: Kiara Holmes ACC 371 Intermediate Accounting I Instructor: Lin Zheng Writing Assignment 1 9/5/2012 The auditor’s role in fraud detection has had a long history of confusion and controversy. Despite increasing professional guidance, which has focused more attention on auditor responsibility to detect fraud, there’s still considerable uncertainty about where the auditor’s responsibility ends towards detecting fraud. This uncertainty leads to “The Expectation Gap”. Lee, Ali & Bien (2009) defined the expectation gap as, “The difference between what the public expects from an audit and what the audit profession accepts the audit objective to be.” Accounting profession argues that one cause of the expectation gap is the public’s failure to appreciate the nature and limitations of an audit. “People expect more of an audit than it can give in practical terms, such as detecting all instances of fraud.” (Frank, Lowe & Smith 2001). The phrase “Expectations Gap” was first coined when the AICPA put the Cohen Commission together in 1974 to investigate whether the expectations gap existed. Since then, events ranging from the collapse of Enron and World Com to the ongoing savings and loan problems seemed to have made the gap become more and more evident. Porter analyses the total expectations gap into three separate components. Those components are: sub-standard performance (16%), deficient standards (50%) and unreasonable expectations (34%). Sub-standard...
Words: 902 - Pages: 4
...Memo To: Manager From: CC: Date: Re: Professional Responsibilities of a Certified Public Accountant (CPA), and the differences between an audit and a review “Accountants, as professionals, are expected to maintain a level of ethical conduct that goes beyond society’s laws” (Schroeder, Clark & Cathey, 2005, p. 563). Therefore, the American Institute of CPAs (AICPA) established a Code of Professional Conduct to ensure public confidence in the quality of services provided by CPAs (Schroeder, et al., 2005). The June 12, 2012 Code of Professional Conduct list the Principles as; Responsibilities, Public Interest, Integrity, Objectivity and Independence, Due Care, and Scope and Nature of Services (AICPA, 2013). The principle of responsibilities requires the CPA to perform their responsibilities as professionals, by exercising sensitive professional and moral judgments on activities (AICPA, 2013). The principle of public interest requires the CPA to approach duties in a way that serves the public interest, honors the public trust and demonstrates commitment to professionalism (AICPA, 2013). The principle of integrity requires the CPA to maintain and expand public confidence, and execute professional duties with the highest level of integrity (AICPA, 2013). The principle of objectivity and independence requires the CPA to be free...
Words: 1166 - Pages: 5
...CONCEPTS OF NATIONAL INCOME The total net value of all goods and services produced within a nation over a specified period of time, representing the sum of wages, profits, rents, interest, and pension payments to residents of the nation. The important concepts of national income are: 1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 2. Gross National Product (GNP) 3. Net National Product (NNP) at Market Prices 4. Net National Product (NNP) at Factor Cost or National Income 5. Personal Income 6. Disposable Income Let us explain these concepts of National Income in detail. 1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total market value of all final goods and services currently produced within the domestic territory of a country in a year. Four things must be noted regarding this definition. First, it measures the market value of annual output of goods and services currently produced. This implies that GDP is a monetary measure. Secondly, for calculating GDP accurately, all goods and services produced in any given year must be counted only once so as to avoid double counting. So, GDP should include the value of only final goods and services and ignores the transactions involving intermediate goods. Thirdly, GDP includes only currently produced goods and services in a year. Market transactions involving goods produced in the previous periods such as old houses, old cars, factories built earlier are not included in GDP of the current year. Lastly, GDP refers...
Words: 1621 - Pages: 7
...must say that both parties benefitted, what they did had a mutual effect to the Americans and to us Filipinos.”American colonial period To help win over the Filipinos to the new American colonial government, General MacArthur provided $100,000 for Philippine education. New schools were established with English as the medium of instruction, with chaplains and non-commissioned officers serving as teachers. Following the surrender of Aguinaldo, President McKinley directed the Second Philippine Commission to establish a free secular public school system that would prepare the Filipinos for citizenship. The Department of Public Instruction spawned the Bureau of Education under Act 477. The establishment of the public school system in 1901 under Act No. 74 required a great number of teachers. Thus the Secretary of Public Instruction, with the approval of the Philippine Commission, brought to the Philippines 1,000 American teachers, known as the Thomasites. Teachers were also trained in the Normal School founded in Manila in 1901 and its branches subsequently established in major towns. Elementary school teachers were trained in English language and literature, geography, mathematics, principles of education, teaching methods, and educational psychology. The free elementary schools that were established consisted of 4 primary grades and 3 intermediate...
Words: 1261 - Pages: 6
...resources on the academic achievement of secondary school students in History. For the purpose of the study, data were collected from five hundred and five (505) form IV history students, eleven (11) History teachers and seven (7) principals in eleven (11) selected secondary schools in Ogbomoso North and Central Local Government areas of Oyo State. Teachers and students in the sampled schools were administered, an investigator – constructed questionnaire. History Achievement Test was also administered on the students in the selected schools. Results of the study indicated that adequate supply of instructional resources have significant effects on students’ performance in history. Furthermore, the results revealed that schools with adequate teacher quality and material resources in History showed superiority in achievements on the history test than schools without adequate teacher quality and material resources. INTRODUCTION Education, according to Coombs (1970) consists of two components. He classified these two components into inputs and outputs. According to him, inputs consist of human and material resources and outputs are the goals and outcomes of the educational process. Both the inputs and outputs form a dynamic organic whole and if one wants to investigate and assess the educational system in order to improve its performance, effects of one component on the other must be examined. Instructional resources...
Words: 4633 - Pages: 19
...ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Benefits of Influenza Vaccination for Low-, Intermediate-, and High-Risk Senior Citizens Kristin L. Nichol, MD, MPH; J. Wuorenma, RN, BSN; T. von Sternberg, MD Background: Vaccination rates for healthy senior citizens are lower than those for senior citizens with underlying medical conditions such as chronic heart or lung disease. Uncertainty about the benefits of influenza vaccination for healthy senior citizens may contribute to lower rates of utilization in this group. Objective: To clarify the benefits of influenza vaccina- tion among low-risk senior citizens while concurrently assessing the benefits for intermediate- and high-risk senior citizens. Methods: All elderly members of a large health maintenance organization were included in each of 6 consecutive study cohorts. Subjects were grouped according to risk status: high risk (having heart or lung disease), intermediate risk (having diabetes, renal disease, stroke and/or dementia, or rheumatologic disease), and low risk. Outcomes were compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects after controlling for baseline demographic and health characteristics. Results: There were more than 20 000 subjects in each pitalizations (P .001), a 32% decrease in hospitalizations for all respiratory conditions (P .001), and a 27% decrease in hospitalizations for congestive heart failure (P .001). Immunization was also associated with a 50% reduction in all-cause mortality (P .001). Within the risk...
Words: 6723 - Pages: 27
... 6, 7, 8, 11 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10 Brief Exercises Exercises 1, 2 Problems 10, 11 Concepts for Analysis 1, 2, 3 2. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 12, 13, 14, 15 16, 17, 18 19 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 8, 9 10 1, 3, 6 3. 1, 2, 3, 4 4. 5. 6. Retirement and refunding of debt. Imputation of interest on notes. Disclosures of long-term obligations. Troubled debt restructuring. 12, 13 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 11 12, 13, 14, 15 9 3, 4, 5 1, 3, 5 *7. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 13, 14, 15 *This material is discussed in the Appendix to the Chapter. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Kieso, Intermediate Accounting, 13/e, Solutions Manual (For Instructor Use Only) 14-1 ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE (BY LEARNING OBJECTIVE) Learning Objectives 1. 2. Describe the formal procedures associated with issuing long-term debt. Identify various types of bond issues. 1, 2 Brief Exercises Exercises Problems 3. Describe the accounting valuation for bonds at date of issuance. Apply the methods of bond discount and premium amortization. Describe the accounting for the extinguishment of debt. Explain the accounting for long-term notes payable. Explain the reporting of off-balance sheet financing arrangements. Indicate how to present and analyze long-term debt. Describe the accounting for debt restructuring. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 2, 3, 4, 5,...
Words: 22251 - Pages: 90
...margins). While I want you to adhere to these guidelines, please keep in mind that the contents of your work will matter much more than its volume. Due to the unusually large class size, work on term papers will be done in teams of three students. I am leaving the task of forming the teams to you. The only constraint is that a team cannot consist of only international students. Upon completion of the project, you will be asked to assess the contribution of each member of your team, including yourself Work on the project is to be done in several phases, described below in more detail. Every deadline listed below is strictly enforced (except the cases when I officially amend it). In order to help ensure the timely completion of the intermediate project phases, they will be rewarded by points in the Homework category. The exact number of points will be announced later. If you miss a deadline, you are still required to turn your work in, but some points will be deducted. If I find that the material submitted to me at any stage does not meet the expectations outlined below, you may be asked to revise and resubmit it. Failure to submit the final paper will not allow you to receive anything better than a ‘D’ in this class. Phase 1. Forming a team and choosing a topic Any topic dealing with real-world events related to the field of International Economics is acceptable as long as it is...
Words: 1584 - Pages: 7
...SYNOPSIS ON NEED OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING AT INTERMEDIATE LEVEL IN DISTRICT PESHAWAR By Malik Nouman Waris This report is being submitted to the Department of Secondary Education, Faculty of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad for partial fulfillment of the condition of the Master of Education [pic] M. Ed Research Academic Session 2011-2012 Department of Secondary Teacher Education, Faculty of Education Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan Background: According to his definitions: “Guidance is nothing but to assist the individual to choose a vocation, to prepare for it, and to attain efficiency progress.” (Chuhan S. S, 2001) When an individual steps into the practical life, he has to face series of problems and inconveniences in various aspects of his life. There are his physical, emotional, mental and social problems. Guidance is just assisting the individual in various activities of his life—vocational, educational, mental and social. The individual is assisted in the lights of his inborn tendencies, natural potentialities and personal capacities. Actually Guidance is as old as the humanity itself. It existed from the time immemorial. Individual was born with innumerable problems. Even in the primitive and medieval society, the parents used to solve the problems of their children. With the simplicity of society the problems were simple, but now in a modern complex and technological society...
Words: 1969 - Pages: 8