...ALOPECIA PRACHI DESHMUKH T.Y.BAMS ROLL NO. 6 Sr. no. | Topic | Page No. | Remark | 1 | Normal hair growth | 1-2 | | 2 | Alopecia i. Classification ii. Causes iii. Telogen Effluvium iv. Tinea Capitis | 3-6 | | 3 | Alopecia Areata i. Classification ii. Causes iii. Signs and symptoms iv. Diagnosis v. Treatment a. Medicinal b. Surgical c. Other treatment | 7-14 | | INDEX NORMAL HAIR GROWTH In human beings, hairs serve for protection on a primary level, but they are all-important for personal adornment. These hairs are of two types: 1) Lanugo (Vellus) hairs- very fine hairs present all over the body. 2) Terminal hairs- coarse, thick and pigmented hairs which are best developed on the face, scalp and extremities. The hairs are mostly found on all external body parts, except that of nail, palms, soles, lips, eyelids. Hairs are naturally present as eyebrows, eyelashes as also on scalp. But the development of hairs on forearms, legs, and other body parts is dependent...
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...Alopecia is a disease involving the thinning or complete loss of hair. Alopecia’s affects differ based on gender. Males suffer from the loss of hair at the hairline or top of the head. Females, on the other hand, suffer from hair loss that is often only at the top of the head, with the hairline staying in tact. There are many causes contributing to the diagnosis of alopecia. This list includes aging, genetics, illness, or malnutrition. Alopecia is not to be confused by baldness caused by “the hairless gene”. “A congenital disorder called atrichia is caused by the ‘hairless’ gene." Alopecia, though it can be genetically passed down, is very different from general balding in that it is caused by actual damage to the hair shaft or follicle. Damage can be caused by a major illness, particularly a fungal infection, stress to the root, injury, or even medications such as chemotherapy. Our world today is constantly changing. New diseases are discovered, old diseases disappear, and cures or vaccines are developed for the millions we have affected by one thing or another. Today there are 53 million people affected by a disease know as Alopecia. I would like to explore the most common forms of Alopecia's that effect millions today. These include Universal Alopecia, Androgenetic Alopecia, Traction Alopecia, Anagen Effluvium, Telogen Effluvium, Alopecia Areata, Scarring Alopecia, and Alopecia Totalis. Universal Alopecia is total loss of hair on the body. This affects...
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...Skin-related illnesses are very common in today’s society. Increased pollution levels in the air and the constantly changing weather make the skin more vulnerable to outside irritants. Fine dust and other particulates in the air can also harm the skin, making it more susceptible to diseases. One of these diseases is folliculitis. It is a condition that most people aren’t really familiar with but let’s take a look at how this condition affects many people around the world. Folliculitis Acne Folliculitis is a condition that most people do not regard as very serious but after some time, it can become very uncomfortable and severe as well. It is characterized by inflamed hair follicles on the skin and may be caused by an infection, either bacterial or fungal in...
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... They are not contagious. What is Eyebrow Cyst Eyebrow cysts are lumps or masses under the skin. Medically, eyebrow cysts are referred to as dermoid cysts. Our skin has tiny glands that secrete sebum (oil). The buildup of fluid happens when the gland fluids can’t be secreted through the normal process of elimination. The cyst rarely gets infected, unless we intervene. Most of us have a naturally...
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... Staphylococcus is more familiarly known as Staph (pronounced "staff"). Staph-related illness can range from mild and requiring no treatment to severe and potentially fatal. The name Staphylococcus comes from the Greek staphyle, meaning a bunch of grapes, andkokkos, meaning berry, and that is what Staph bacteria look like under the microscope, like a bunch of grapes or little round berries. (In technical terms, these are gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, usually unencapsulated cocci.) Over 30 different types of Staphylococci can infect humans, but most infections are caused byStaphylococcus aureus. Staphylococci can be found normally in the nose and on the skin (and less commonly in other locations) of 25%-30% of healthy adults. In the majority of cases, the bacteria do not cause disease. However, damage to the skin or other injury may allow the bacteria to overcome the natural protective mechanisms of the body, leading to infection. And one of the cures for staphylococcus aureus is vitamin c which is found in malunggay. Called "Malunggay" in the Philippines, "Sajina" in the Indian Subcontinent, and "Moringa" in English, it is a popular tree. Many Asians use the leaves of Malunggay (Sajina) like spinach and also the fruit it produces as a vegetable, like asparagus. Both the leaves and the fruits are very nutritious, which contain many vitamins like Vitamin C and other minerals. For centuries, people in India, Philippines, Malaysia, and Thailand have been eating these leaves...
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...Pathophysiology of cellulitis in adults. Cellulitis, a bacterial infection of the skin and underlying tissue, is a common presentation to Emergency Departments (ED). The clinical spectrum of presentation can vary from local inflammation to diffuse inflammation involving a whole limb, to more severe, even life threatening presentations of necrotizing fascitis and associated sepsis. The rationale for choosing this condition is to enable me to efficiently differentiate between those cases that require immediate medical or surgical intervention and treatment and those that can be managed effectively as an outpatient, and to gain a keen understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition. The terms cellulitis and erysipelas are often used interchangeably and current usage tends to regard erysipelas as a form of cellulitis rather than a separate entity, making clear distinction difficult (Hay 2004, Kilburn et al 2010). Erysipelas affects the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics, with distinctly raised lesions and clear lines of demarcation between involved and uninvolved tissue. Cellulitis extends more deeply, involving the deeper dermis and subcutaneous fat and lacks the distinctive anatomical features of erysipelas. For the purpose of this essay I will be using the term ‘cellulitis’ to refer to both conditions. This essay will endeavor to discuss the incidence, its clinical presentation, risk factors, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology and classification according...
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...Integumentary Disorders Anatomy of the skin The skin consists of 3 layers: 1. Epidermis- non vascular outermost layer, continuously dividing cells 2. Dermis- takes the largest portion of the skin and provides strength and structure. It consists of glands (sebaceous, sweat), hair follicle, blood vessels, and nerve endings 3. Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)- the inner most layer. contains major vascular networks, fat, nerves, and lymphatics Function of the skin • Protection- protection of underlying structures from invasion by bacteria, noxious chemicals and foreign matter. • Sensory perception- transmits pain, touch, pressure, temperature, itching, etc • Fluid balance (excretion)- absorption of fluids and evaporation of excess. • Temperature regulation- produced heat released through skin by radiation, conduction, and convection 1|Page • Vitamin synthesis- skin exposed to ultra violet light can convert substances necessary for synthesizing vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). • Aesthetic- affects appearance Factors influencing skin integrity • Immoblity is the major factor leading to pressure sore development . • The pt who is confined to bed & unable to change position is at greatest risk . • Trauma most likely occur – over the prominent areas – weight bearing areas • • Prolonged pressure impairs blood flow to tissue & resulfs in ischemia & inferction The extent of pressure necessary to cause tisue damage...
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...in the women's locker room. The women where then tested for the drugs but the same drugs that were known to be in their systems appeared to not be. Nowadays, in this society athletes hire people to make their drugs especially for them and to make sure they show up undetectable. But even though many drug testers can not detect the use of steroids many dermatologist can just by looking at the athletes skin. According to Dr. Scott, “TTI, the side ejects of taking anabolic-androgenic steroids include a variety of skin manifestations. These include comedones, sebaceous cysts, cystic acne, rosacea, seborrhea, furunculosis, folliculitis, pyoderma, androgenic alopecia of the scalp (in men and women), and hirsutism of the face and body in women(Hilton).” Not only does steroids ruin athletes internally but they also ruins the out layer. Comedones consist of dilated (widened) hair follicles that is filled with keratin (skin debris), bacteria, and sebum (oil). Rosacea gives the facial redness and small and superficial dilated blood vessels on the skin. Throughout the list the conditions gets worse and worse starting form the least intense to the most intense. Dr. Scott being the professional doctor that he is when he suspects that the athlete he is operating on is abusing drugs, instead of having good sportsmanships, he tries to convince the patient that they must stop using the drug and start a healthy life. Psychologically, the drugs give the users power and confidence. Doping...
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...Abstract Plant-based antimicrobials represent a vast untapped source of medicines and further exploration of plant antimicrobials needs to occur. Antimicrobials of plant origin have enormous therapeutic potential. . Antimicrobials of plant origin have enormous therapeutic potential. They are effective un treatment of infectious disease while simultaneously mitigating many of the side effects that are often associated with synthetic antimicrobials. Present study was executed to mainly investigate the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial efficacy of Muntingia calabura Linn against Staphylococcus aureaus. This study is done to provide people with an inexpensive, natural and safe anti inflammatory agent. In addition, it may ease the pain of arthritis. The output of this study will help to make anti inflammatory products out of aratilis (Muntingia calabura linn) flowers and leaves. This study might also provide new knowledge about the properties of aratilis (Muntingia calabura Linn). Extracts of aratilis leaves are subjected to several solutions of oil, water and ethanol at 1:1 ratio. Antibacterial efficacy is done using cup cylinder assay by measuring the diameter (mm) of the clear zone around the cup. The results showed that the oil solution showed an average value of 9.03mm, the ethanol solution showed an average value of 18.27 mm and the water solution with an average of 20.10 mm. The negative controls – oil, ethanol and water – exhibited an average of inhibition with...
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...and crackles on auscultation. Treatment includes anti-inflammatory drugs, bronchodilators and antibiotics but the disease is progressive. 14 DERMATOLOGICAL The Schipperke is at increased risk for two conditions that result in alopecia. Black hair follicular dysplasia has been reported in the Schipperke. 3(768), 4, 6 Affected dogs are born with normal hair coat but show coat changes by 4 weeks of age when the black hairs loose luster and begin to fall out. Hair loss is due to shaft fracture with scaliness occurring in the involved areas. Total alopecia usually is complete by 6 to 9 months of age. It is believed to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Color dilution alopecia has also been reported in the breed. 3(768), 4, 6 Hair loss is again due to shaft fracture but clinical signs do not usually appear until after 6 months of age and may not appear until the dog is 2 to 3 years old. Hair loss begins on the dorsum with a recurrent folliculitis. Since this condition only appears is dogs with dilute black or brown coats, it would only appear in the blue Schipperke, a rare dog in the United States as the color is not permitted in the show ring. VetGen offers a direct DNA test for coat color gene variations in the Schipperke. Congenital hypotrichosis, a condition in which the affected dog is born without hair or looses its coat shortly after birth, has been listed as occurring in the Schipperke. 4 The Schipperke is predisposed for allergic inhalant dermatitis...
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...BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL & MECHANICAL ENGINEERING MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING SEMINOR TOPIC ASSESSMENT ON EFFECT OF CUTTING FLUID ON MACHINING COURSE NAME GRADUATE SEMINOR COMPILED BY: TESFAYE KASSAHUN MSC/00017/03 SUBMITTED TO: Professor (Dr.) RANTAM UPPULA September, 2013 Abstract During machining operation, friction between workpiece-cutting tool and cutting tool-chip interfaces result high temperature on cutting tool. At such elevated temperature the cutting tool if not enough hot hard may lose their form or stability quickly, wear out rapidly, resulting in increased cutting forces, higher surface roughness, shorter tool life and lowers the dimensional sensitiveness of work material. Different methods have been reported to protect cutting tool from the generated heat during machining operations. The selection of coated cutting tools is an expensive alternative and generally it is a suitable approach for machining hard materials. Another alternative is to apply cutting fluids in machining operation. Cutting fluids used to provide lubrication and cooling effects between cutting tool and workpiece and cutting tool and chip during machining operation. As a result, important benefits would be achieved such longer tool life, easy chip flow and higher machining quality in the machining processes. The selection, method of application, storage and disposal of cutting fluids should be carefully carried out to obtain optimum result in machining...
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...Antiretroviral Therapy Guidelines for HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Including Post-exposure Prophylaxis May 2007 NACO Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India Assessment and Management of HIV-Infected Person No Is HIV infection confirmed? Send to ICTC for confirmation of HIV status Yes Perform history taking and physical examination (see p 9 ) Evaluate for signs and symptoms of HIV infection or OIs and WHO clinical staging (see p 10) Provide appropriate investigations/treatment of OIs (see p 13 ) If pregnant, refer to PPTCT Screen for TB Screen for STI Identify need for: CTX prophylaxis (see p 16 ) ART (see p 18 ) No Pre ART care (see p 15 ) Yes Give patient education on treatment and adherence (see p 54 ) Arrange psychosocial, nutrition and community support (see p 56) Start ART, (see p 19 ) Arrange follow-up + monitoring (see p 25 ) Assess adherence every visit Provide positive prevention advice and condoms Provide patient information sheet on the ART regimen prescribed (see annex 7, 8) Antiretroviral Therapy Guidelines for HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Including Post-exposure Prophylaxis May 2007 NACO National AIDS Control organisation Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India with support from CDC . Clinton Foundation . WHO TAble of T A b l e o f Acronyms and Abbreviations Introduction....... ..........................................................................................
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...Clinical guidelines Diagnosis and treatment manual for curative programmes in hospitals and dispensaries guidance for prescribing 2010 EDITION © Médecins Sans Frontières – January 2010 All rights reserved for all countries. No reproduction, translation and adaptation may be done without the prior permission of the Copyright owner. ISBN 2-906498-81-5 Clinical guidelines Diagnosis and treatment manual Editorial Committee: I. Broek (MD), N. Harris (MD), M. Henkens (MD), H. Mekaoui (MD), P.P. Palma (MD), E. Szumilin (MD) and V. Grouzard (N, general editor) Contributors: P. Albajar (MD), S. Balkan (MD), P. Barel (MD), E. Baron (MD), M. Biot (MD), F. Boillot (S), L. Bonte (L), M.C. Bottineau (MD), M.E. Burny (N), M. Cereceda (MD), F. Charles (MD), M.J de Chazelles (MD), D. Chédorge (N), A.S. Coutin (MD), C. Danet (MD), B. Dehaye (S), K. Dilworth (MD), F. Fermon (N), B. Graz (MD), B. Guyard-Boileau (MD), G. Hanquet (MD), G. Harczi (N), M. van Herp (MD), C. Hook (MD), K. de Jong (P), S. Lagrange (MD), X. Lassalle (AA), D. Laureillard (MD), M. Lekkerkerker (MD), J. Maritoux (Ph), J. Menschik (MD), D. Mesia (MD), A. Minetti (MD), R. Murphy (MD), J. Pinel (Ph), J. Rigal (MD), M. de Smet (MD), S. Seyfert (MD), F. Varaine (MD), B. Vasset (MD) (S) Surgeon, (L) Laboratory technician, (MD) Medical Doctor, (N) Nurse, (AA) Anaesthetist-assistant, (Ph) Pharmacist, (P) Psychologist We would like to thank the following doctors for their invaluable help:...
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...Preface A well-developed knowledge of clinical microbiology is critical for the practicing physician in any medical field. Bacteria, viruses, and protozoans have no respect for the distinction between ophthalmology, pediatrics, trauma surgery, or geriatric medicine. As a physician you will be faced daily with the concepts of microbial disease and antimicrobial therapy. Microbiology is one of the few courses where much of the "minutia" is regularly used by the practicing physician. This book attempts to facilitate the learning of microbiology by presenting the information in a clear and entertaining manner brimming with memory aids. Our approach has been to: 4) Create a conceptual, organized approach to the organisms studied so the student relies less on memory and more on logical pathophysiology. The text has been updated to include current information on rapidly developing topics, such as HIV and AIDS (vaccine efforts and all the new anti-HIV medications), Ebola virus, Hantavirus, E. coli outbreaks, Mad Cow Disease, and brand-new antimicrobial antibiotics. The mnemonics and cartoons in this book do not intend disrespect for any particular patient population or racial or ethnic group but are solely presented as memory devices to assist in the learning of a complex and important medical subject. We welcome suggestions for future editions. 1) Write in a conversational style for rapid assimilation. 2) Include numerous figures serving as "visual memory tools" and summary charts...
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