...International Financial Management (IFM) Individual Project Report Title of the project- Foreign Debt crisis management of RCOM Batch–PGCBM -21 Centre –DAKC, Mumbai Name- Rajesh Kumar Verma Email- rkv3466@gmail.com, rajesh.kr.verma@relianceada.com SMS No- 110387 SID- RB12044 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Purpose of the assignment 3. Gratitude to Professor and support staff 4. Introduction of IFM Assignment topic- Foreign Debt Crisis Management of RCom 5. Company Profile 6. Assignment analysis and study A. Reliance Communications has secured loans from a host of Chinese banks to refinance $1.18 billion B. RCom has filed a prospectus with the Singapore Stock Exchange and plans to divest as much as 75% stake in Flag Telecom to raise about $1 Billion i) Background of Reliance Globalcom (Flag Telecom) ii) Cable network of Flag Telecom iii) Solutions offered by Reliance iv) Strategic Move by Reliance to fight with debt crisis C. Reliance Communications has put on hold the initial public offering of its undersea cable unit Flag Telecom in Singapore D. Impact of heavy debt on company's financial credit worthiness and impact of rupee devaluation on overseas loan E. The impact of the high-debt levels has been further compounded because of the steep depreciation of the rupee 7. Impact of Un-hedged foreign currency debts due to rupee devaluation 8. Conclusion INTRODUCTION As a student of International Finance Management...
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...contagious impact of the European sovereign debt crisis on the foreign exchange market 1. Introduction In 2010, the debt crisis caused the euro to go down 10% in a three-month period. Some largest hedge funds in America discovered this opportunity and short euro in groups to an enormous scale. Later on, the British pound is being infected. It continuously dropped for six days, which wrote the longest dropping period record. In this paper, the objective is to critically analyse how the European sovereign debt crisis affects foreign exchange markets. The theme focuses on the contagion on the markets. The contagion phenomenon exists between foreign exchange spot and derivative markets. One of the channels is the investor sentiment, which makes large scale of influences on both markets and volatility dynamics (Corredor, P., Ferrer, E., Santamaria, R., 2015). It makes sense on aspects like trading volume, effective transaction costs and so on. This paper has two main parts. The first part is to evaluate impacts on foreign exchange spot market through analysing the political channel, bank channel and financial markert channel. The second part is to investigate impacts on foreign exchange derivatives, especially on the foreign exchange swap. 2. Contagious impact on the foreign exchange market 2-1 Impacts on foreign exchange spot (impacts on euro) In this part, we explain how the debt crisis makes impacts on the foreign exchange spot market, especially, we focus on...
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...Public Debt 8 Recent developments with regard to the sovereign debt situation of countries ranging from Iceland to the United Arab Emirates, and more recently, of countries in the Euro‐zone, most prominently Greece, have been a rude awakening for global financial markets. After a protracted period of benign neglect, policymakers as well as investors are beginning to scrutinize more carefully the health of sovereign public finances. Lessons from previous debt crises are being re‐learnt. Escalating public debt does not bode well for macro‐economic stability and growth as it exerts upward pressure on interest rates and crowds‐out domestic private investment. For developing countries, the higher interest cost associated with domestic debt places a substantial strain on budgetary resources, with a negative spill‐over effect on social sector and development outlays and a slowdown in growth momentum. For external debt, creditors may charge a lower interest rate (as is the case with most multilateral and bilateral donors), but the exchange rate risk inherent in the accumulation of foreign currency debt leaves a country vulnerable to developments on the external account and in international markets. Therefore, policymakers are faced with choices not only of what levels of public debt to accumulate, but also the composition of the portfolio with regards to source...
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...happens to the debt problem. So some way to solving this problem should be addressed secular Al Hiwalah this as a way of disposing of the problem. Al Hiwalah not only used to resolve the debt problems even more than that, it also serves as the transfer of funds from individual to another individual, company or firm as well as which has been adopted by some of the banking system. Thus, we takes the opportunity to study a bit about al Hiwalah, al Hiwalah concepts, definitions, propositions evidences, harmonious and conditions of al Hiwalah. We were also discusses the concept of al Hiwalah in the banking system is related to money (remittances). Concept of Al-Hiwalah: Definition: Al Hiwalah terms of language is moving. According to the Hanafi scholars define the term as the transfer of claims from obligations owed to dependents who are ready to take the liability. Other Hanafi scholars define as a aqad al-Hiwalah (contract) which led to the transfer of debts to other debt obligations. This means that al Hiwalah kind of contract (agreement qabul) the transfer of debt liability of a person owes to others, where other people had also due to the transfer. For example, Ali has a total debt to Ahmad. Ahmad has a total debt currently is to Umar, according to the same amount. As Ahmad was unable to pay its debts, then consult with Ali Ahmad was asked to loan it to Umar. In this case, the Umarlah to be directly related to Ali, and Ahmad regardless of the debt obligation...
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...that the crisis happened because of: 1-High risk 2 Complex financial products 3-Undisclosed conflicts of interest 4-The failure of regulators 5-The credit rating agencies 6-The market itself to rein in the excesses of Wall Street 7-Weak and fraudulent underwriting practices 8-Deregulation 9-Predatory lending 10-Increased debt burden or over-leveraging 11-Boom and collapse of the shadow banking system 12-Commodities boom Financial crisis in Pakistan and Reasons 1-One of the immediate causes is Political instability due to Musharaf’s position as president, delay in restoring judiciary and resultantly withdrawal of PML (N) from the alliance leaving behind ‘dead’ ministry of finance. In contrast the present government is not showing strong will to cope with the situation. Though some Positive Measures. To end Load Shedding till 14th August, 2009, Benazir income Scheme programmed, Distribution of Land in Sindh, tight Tariff System against luxury items 2-Suicide attacks in the industrial cities-fear among people, disinvestment and maximum outflow of capital, especially in Dubai stock exchange crash. 3-Foreign investment in 2007 was $ 700,63.5 million but in 2008 only $329 million. 4-Soaring oil prices due to increased demand from growing economics of China and India, Iraq crisis, Iran holding its oil export, devaluation of Dollar after Iraq invasion and limited supply by OPEC, refusal of Saudi Arabia to enhance its oil supply....
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...risk which are including liquidity risk, interest rate, foreign exchange and fuel price risks, and credit risk. Firstly, liquidity risk is the risk that the company will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations related with financial liabilities. The Qantas Group manages this risk by targeting a minimum liquidity level, ensuring long-term commitments are managed with respect to forecast available cash inflows, maintaining access to a variety of additional funding sources including commercial paper and standby facilities and managing maturity profiles. The Qantas Group has indicated its market risk in the following areas: interest rate, foreign exchange and fuel price. For interest rate risk, it refers to the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates. The company manages interest rate risk by reference to pricing intervals spread across different periods of time with the proportion of floating and fixed rate debt managed separately. The mix of fixed and floating interest rate funding is managed by using three types of financial instrument: interest rate swaps, forward rate agreements and options. The other risks of market risk are foreign exchange and fuel price risks which are emphasised on this report. Foreign exchange risk is the risk that fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates. The factors that raise this risk are...
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...Musinundo was a leading retailer of prerecorded music in Argentine, which have 39% market share in 1998, employed more than 2000 people and held headship position in the home-entertainment product market in December 1999. However, because of the depression of economic in Argentine, Musimundo was forced to file for bankrupt in August 2001. The reasons for the depression of economic in Argentine: Argentine government overvaulted the Argentine peso in the past. By 2001, foreign debt caused and had AR$132 billion pubic debt through the fourth year of a recession. Besides, Exports were unable to generate enough foreign currency to service the debt. On December1, 2001, “Corralito”, a policy restring depositors’ bank withdrawals to AR $1000 per month, was published. Subsequently, the economy of Argentine began emerging from the crisis by devaluation of the exchange rate and migration of capital outside the country intensified. In July 2003, Pegasus Capital Investment Company completely acquainted Musinundo. On year later, On the July Board of Directors Meeting, which focused on the analysis of the firm’s performance and reset store’s budget target for the remainder of the year, the Musinundo management forecasted that: year- to-date sales were 9% above budget and annual sales were expected to the double that 2003. However, Mario Quintana, Managing partner of Pegasus Capital, worried that the firm might be falling short of its potential for capturing the value carried by the rising...
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...place. Answer: International banks can be characterized by the types of services they provide that distinguish them from domestic banks. Foremost, international banks facilitate the imports and exports of their clients by arranging trade financing. Additionally, they serve their clients by arranging for foreign exchange necessary to conduct cross-border transactions and make foreign investments and by assisting in hedging exchange rate risk in foreign currency receivables and payables through forward and options contracts. Since international banks have established trading facilities, they generally trade foreign exchange products for their own account. Two major features that distinguish international banks from domestic banks are the types of deposits they accept and the loans and investments they make. Large international banks both borrow and lend in the Eurocurrency market. Moreover, depending upon the regulations of the country in which it operates and its organizational type, an international bank may participate in the underwriting of Eurobonds and foreign bonds. International banks frequently provide consulting services and advice to their clients in the areas of foreign exchange hedging strategies, interest rate and currency swap financing, and international cash management services. Not all international banks provide all services. Banks that do provide a majority of these services are known as universal banks or full service banks. 2. Briefly discuss the various types...
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...the firm has larger-than-average research and development and foreign tax credits when compared to other firms in its industry. Her staff prepared the industry comparison shown here. A. Bixton’s objective is to achieve a credit standing that falls, in the words of the chief financial officer, “comfortably within the ‘A’ range.” What target range would you recommend for each of the three credit measures? To be “comfortably” within the range, the firm should stay off the low end of the ratings. Fixed Charge Coverage = 3.40 - 4.30 Cash Flow / Total Debt = 45 - 65 Long-Term Debt / Total Capitalization = 22 - 32 B. Before settling on these target ranges, what other factors should Bixton’s chief financial officer consider? Ability to use fully non-interest tax credits and debt management considerations such as issuance costs. The CFO should also consider that the firm’s R&D is an intangible asset and that lenders may not be willing to loan the same percentage of debt to Bixton as to its competitors. C. Before deciding whether the target ranges are really appropriate for Bixton in its current financial situation, what key issues specific to Bixton must the chief financial officer resolve? The CFO needs to consider R&D and foreign tax credits. The additional tax shield from additional debt may not be valuable when R&D and foreign tax credits are taken into consideration. Rating...
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...* Foreign debt may be defined as the amount of money that a country’s residents, both public and private, owe to the rest of the world. It is important to distinguish between gross and net foreign debt. Gross foreign debt is the total amount borrowed from non-residents. Net foreign debt is gross foreign debt minus resident’s lending to overseas. the difference between national investment and national savings. If a country does not have sufficient domestic savings, it must borrow to finance it’s investment which must come from overseas. The Street Savior project is created in intention to eradicate poverty. Not today or tomorrow, but if you join hands with us in supporting for a good cause, we can definitely achieve our goal! India is not yet free from poverty, but it isn’t impossible. For starters, we are concentrating the streets of Chennai, and helping those little boys and girls find a direction in life through education and comfort. For more details, please visit our ‘About Page’. If you are willing to join hands with us, please visit our ‘Get Involved’ page to know more details about our non-profitable organization. If you are a company/business and would like to donate for us, please email us at streetsaviour@gmail.com or by visiting the ‘Donate’ page. Thank you. Let’s change the world for good * There are several ways to reduce a country’s foreign debt: (i) Increasing international competitiveness (microeconomic reform). Growth in exports will...
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...University of Phoenix Material Week Four Individual Assignment: Financial Transaction Risks Describe the risk exposure(s) in the following financial transactions. Identify which transactions are influenced by interest rates or interest income. (CAUTION: Some can be influenced by both!) Risk Types: Interest rate risk, Credit risk, Technology risk, Foreign exchange rate risk, Country or sovereign risk |Financial Transactions |Risk Type |Describe and justify risk type |Interest Rate or | | | | |Interest Income? | |A bank finances a $10 million, six-year fixed-rate commercial loan by selling one-year |Interest & Credit |This type of financial transaction it has an interest rate |Both, Interest Rate and| |certificate of deposit. |Risk |risk and credit risk. The reason it is an interest rate risk |Interest Income | | | |is because changes in an interest rate can change the value | | | ...
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...Summary of the Case Study Profits at the global banking group HSBC have fallen after it made provisions of more than $1.1 billion to cover losses from the economic crisis in Argentina. The Argentine crisis accounted for $1.12 billion of the write-down - which was slightly higher than analysts had forecast. The figures were in line with analysts' expectations and this helped push shares in HSBC 59p higher to close at 837p. Last year Argentina descended into chaos as people protested against draconian policies introduced to try and avoid default on overseas debt and devaluation of the peso. Eventually the pressures became too strong, and Argentina defaulted on its debts and floated the peso against the dollar. HSBC took a $520m charge to cover losses stemming from the change in value of the peso, and a general provision of $600m for losses in Argentina. Concerns about HSBC's exposure to the crisis in Argentina came to the fore yesterday as it emerged that its investment banking arm was preparing to lower its profits forecast for the company. HSBC Group's 2001 results, notably the economic crisis in Argentina and the related devaluation of the peso by the government which forced HSBC to book a US$1.12 billion charge. Argentina has been a major disappointment foe HSBC and they have a very talented team and all the necessary elements for success in a stabilised economy to have a profitable business. Nevertheless, the situation in Argentina remains both fluid and disturbing. The Argentine...
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...Overview 2 The Political Environment 3 Recent History 3 The Present Government 3 Political Stability 4 Opposition Parties 4 Economic and Financial Analysis 5 Trade History & Major Products 5 GDP Growth per capita 5 Unemployment & Price level Changes Inflation 6 Exchange Rate Innovations 7 Investments in the Stock Market 7 Investments in the Bond Market 8 Foreign Exchange Reserves 9 Structure of Industries 10 The Banking System 10 Monetary Policy / Money Supply Growth 11 Foreign Debt 12 Capital Flight 12 Asian Currency Crisis 13 Philippines before the crisis 13 What caused the Asian Currency Crisis? The effect it had on the Philippines and other countries 13 Looking into the Future 17 Prevention as the Best Form of Management 17 Some Policy Lessons From the Asian Crisis 17 Need for Great Caution About Financial Liberalization and Globalization 17 Manage External Debt Well and Avoid Large Debts 17 Manage and Build Up Foreign Reserves 17 The Need for Capital Controls and a Global Debt Workout System 18 Conclusion: Summary / Comments / Recommendations 19 Works Cited 21 Appendix A 23 Appendix B 24 Appendix C 25 Appendix D 26 Appendix E 27 Appendix F 28 Introduction The Philippines were ceded by Spain to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. They attained their independence in 1946 after being occupied by the Japanese...
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...examine the view that the debt crisis is a result of inappropriate development policies. (40 marks) In 2008, the total external debt for the world’s developing countries was US$3.7 trillion, and US$163 billion for the worlds least developed countries For the developing world as a whole, in 1991, the total external debt was $1.362 trillion, which was 126.5%of its total exports of goods and services in that year, and the ratio of debt servicing to the gross domestic product of the developing world reached 32.4%. For some LEDCs, debt stood at 98% (Congo) and 112% (Nicaragua) of their GDP in 1980. Consequently, we have the situation whereby the last ten years African countries have paid their debt three time over, yet are three times as indebted as 10 years ago. This phenomenon is the result of international debt growing enormously since the 1970s, which became apparent in 1982 when Mexico announced it could not repay its foreign debt. Other, especially Latin American economies, also faced crises in the 1980s and 1990s, when they simply could not service their debt repayments: they defaulted. Mexico was first in 1982, Argentina in 1999-2002. Many other LEDCs continue to exist in a state of massive indebtedness, which persists until the present day. Inappropriate development policies, that is, the ineffective economic policies of many LEDC governments, did cause the debt crisis and indebtedness, but this is an incomplete explanation. Debt and debt crisis were also caused...
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...FIN 331 Financial Institutions and Markets FINAL TERM PROJECT Spring Quarter Group 5 Shad Boots Alejandro Carral Antonio Fernandez Johnny Pham June 11, 2014 CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY OF LOS ANGELES CONTENTS Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................2 Financial Markets ..........................................................................................................................................................3 Quantitative Easing ..............................................................................................................................................5 Financial Institutions .....................................................................................................................................................7 Credit Suisse ........................................................................................................................................................7 Wedbush Securities ..............................................................................................................................................9 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Appendix A ......................................................
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