...percent of substantiated elder abuse cases, emotional abuse is found in 35 percent of cases, financial abuse is found in 30 percent of cases, and physical abuse or use of physical force is found in 25 percent of cases. The U.S. Department of Justice estimates more than half a million of our nation’s elders are mistreated each year, of course the numbers may be three times higher since few cases of abuse are reported or investigated (Axmaker, 2003). Experts estimate the number of older adults who are mistreated annually at more than two million (Swagerty, 1999, p.2804). A U.S. National Elder Abuse Incidence Study confirmed that reported elder abuse cases are only the "tip of the iceberg" (National Center on Elder Abuse, 2003). The study also shown that two-thirds of the offenders were adult children or spouses. Additionally, elders are being abused in nursing homes, hospitals, or other institutions; in one study, 36 percent of nursing home staff stated that they had witnessed at least one physical abuse incident with an elderly patient (Nelson, 2002). Clearly, elder mistreatment or abuse of the elderly is a growing social occurrence. Unfortunately, our elder population is considered to be easy targets because they are perceived to be fragile and defenseless. Elder abuse is defined as representing all types of abusive behavior or mistreatment toward an older adult; this includes acts that are intentional or unintentional. Abuse takes many forms ranging from financial exploitation...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION The purpose of the current paper is to critically review the contributions that two of these studies have made to our understanding of societal perceptions, social support and how it affects breastfeeding attitudes and outcomes. (Kronborg and Vaeth 2004) Defined Social support as the mother's perceptions in relation to the support she receives from peers, family and the society at large. The first paper to be reviewed is written by (Leeming et al. 2013) and entitled 'Socially sensitive lactation: Exploring the social context of breastfeeding'. The second paper is written by (Scott et al. 2015) and entitled 'A comparison of maternal attitudes to breast feeding in public and the association with breastfeeding duration in four European countries: Results of a cohort study. The current paper will summarise the arguments, review the subject matter in both papers and compare and contrast the different methodological approaches taken by the authors with comments on the appropriateness of each method chosen. It concludes by a justified opinion of the subject. (Li et al. 2008), stated that discomfort with the idea of breastfeeding is one of the concerns for some women choosing not to breastfeed or incorporating shorter duration of breastfeeding (Stuebe and Bonuck 2011). Decades of research confirm the benefits of breastfeeding for infants and for maternal health (Cricco 2007) (Tarrant, Dodgson and Wu 2014) (Ingram et al. 2008). 1.1 ARGUMENTS (Leeming et al. 2013)...
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...“The Dark Ages” Justin Higman HUM 303 12/15/13 Throughout the course of history there have been different eras and time frames that have had significant impacts on the modern world. Some were times when countries were at war, fighting for their beliefs, religions, families, countries, etc. Others when warship and religion were setting ground work for today’s beliefs. Whatever the case may be, many of the actions that our forefathers of the world have taken and fought for throughout time are still in place today and have become the basis for life as we know it. Religion, education and literature are examples of parts of life that have been impacting the world and people’s lives for centuries and it is because of ongoing practice that they have been passed down for hundreds of years with each new generation adding information and bettering the subject for the greater good. One period of time in the early middle ages is known as the “dark ages”. From approximately 410 to 1095 is known as the “dark ages” mainly because of the ciaos, ignorance, superstition and repression that occurred during that time. The “dark ages” is a derogatory name given to the early middle ages. The fall of Rome gives good understanding to the severity of the “dark ages” because for years Rome was a power house and known for bringing stability to Europe. Roman Civilization began to deteriorate from about 200 CE onward. In the late 400s the weakness of the Empire, caused by corruption and various...
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...A prominent example of this issue was presented by the fraternity, Phi Kappa Tau, of Georgia Tech University. They were found singing lyrics to songs that described explicit ways to rape the women who were at their parties. Not only did these songs contribute to finding humor in a dehumanizing act towards women, but also to the normalization of rape. The actions of the fraternity went unchecked and the members did not face any consequences, which led to the sexual assault of at least two women (Chemaly Paragraph 2). Eventually, when emails sent between fraternity members instructed the men on how to sexually assault females at their parties, these songs were used to support the case against them. However, the Phi Kappa Tau’s lawyer claimed in their defense that the rape victims were “‘exploiting the hypersensitivity of today’s college campus environment toward sexual assault”’ (Chemaly Paragraph 2). While some people in modern society tend to overhype current issues in the world, sexual assault is a recurring and prevalent concern among college women who have triple the chance of getting raped than their male peers (Angelone 188). Desensitization of such songs leads to a greater proclivity for the incidence of rape or sexual assault. Furthermore, at an off-campus fraternity at Amherst College in Massachusetts, students were found with t-shirts depicting a woman clad in her bra and panties who was bruised and tied to...
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...Running head: CHILD MALTREATMENT & JUVENILE DELINQUENCY 1 The Correlation Between Child Maltreatment & Juvenile Delinquency April 6, 2014 CHILD MALTREATMENT & JUVENILE DELINQUENCY 2 Abstract Research suggests that there is a correlation between child maltreatment and juvenile delinquency. The findings indicate that children, who have experienced abuse or neglect during childhood, are at increased risk of committing crimes in adolescence. A substantial number of children enter the juvenile justice system with a history of abuse, with approximately one third of these adolescence are actively associated with a child welfare agency at the time of their initial arrest. This paper attempts to establish a clear definition of physical, sexual and emotional abuse, as well as, neglect, while also reviewing a pattern of subsequent delinquency. The effects of racial, ethnic and gender differences in criminal behavior will be explored. A collaborated effort among youth serving agencies is discussed as a method of prevention of child maltreatment and future delinquency. CHILD MALTREATMENT & JUVENILE DELINQUENCY 3 Juvenile delinquency is a serious public health concern. Throughout literature, child and adolescent maltreatment are consistently identified as powerful predictors of juvenile and adult crime. In 2009, law enforcement agencies arrested approximately 1.9 million persons under the age of 18 “ (Ryan, Williams, & Courtney, 2013, p.454)...
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...Gastric Bypass and Diabetes Literature Research Shayne Howard Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research 03/19/2016 Introduction Diabetes is one of the most deadly diseases known to man. That is a bold statement but when you consider that a big percentage of the other most deadly diseases like heart disease, kidney failure and strokes can be caused by diabetes then it puts it in to perspective. Diabetes causes many health problems besides these as well. The complications associated with diabetes are numerous but include neuropathy, blindness, amputation, impotency, depression and cognitive decline just to name a few. Some of these complications are inevitable but they can be avoided or at least prevented for an amount of time with proper diet and exercise or following a medication regimen. For some however the disease hits too hard too fast or because of physical restraints exercise is not a viable option. For these patients a surgical option such as weight loss surgery may be their only recourse. There are 4 major types of weight loss surgery that can be used to treat morbid obesity and in turn diabetes. There are the Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass, the Gastric sleeve, Gastric banding, and the Duodenal switch. The most popular for mild weight loss is the gastric band in which an adjustable band is place around the stomach limiting the size and thereby limiting the amount of food intake. This is less invasive and reversible but also less effective overall...
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...PRESS Biomaterials 28 (2007) 2908–2914 www.elsevier.com/locate/biomaterials 2D mapping of texture and lattice parameters of dental enamel Maisoon Al-Jawada,Ã, Axel Steuwerb, Susan H. Kilcoynec, Roger C. Shorea, Robert Cywinskid, David J. Wooda a Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9LU, UK FaME38 at the ILL-ESRF, 6 rue J Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, France c Institute for Materials Research, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, UK d School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK b Received 19 December 2006; accepted 16 February 2007 Available online 25 February 2007 Abstract We have used synchrotron X-ray diffraction to study the texture and the change in lattice parameter as a function of position in a cross section of human dental enamel. Our study is the first to map changes in preferred orientation and lattice parameter as a function of position within enamel across a whole tooth section with such high resolution. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction with a micro-focused beam spot was used to collect two-dimensional (2D) diffraction images at 150 mm spatial resolution over the entire tooth crown. Contour maps of the texture and lattice parameter distribution of the hydroxyapatite phase were produced from Rietveld refinement of diffraction patterns generated by azimuthally sectioning and integrating the 2D images. The 002 Debye ring showed the largest variation in intensity. This variation is indicative of preferred orientation...
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...Analysis of Racial Profiling In the Criminal Justice System Police officers today face many challenges. Some concerns include dangers or safety concerns related to being a police officer, questions of the use of force and the public’s perception of officers being corrupt. Additionally, with cases of deaths and accusations that have come to the forefront about police throughout the United Stated, questions about police racial profiling have also come to light. Today’s police are considered to be corrupt and prejudice against minorities. Their image has been tarnished and police are now seen as the enemy. Many compare today’s law enforcement officers to the police officers that were prejudice and brutalized blacks during the civil rights movement. If police are to change the public’s perception of them so they can get back to the business of protecting and serving, they must address issues of racial profiling, police brutality and the criminal just system must partner with the community to reduce crime rates and recidivism rates among minorities. First, racial profiling is defined as “any police action initiated on the basis of race, ethnicity, or national origin of a suspect; rather than on the behavior of the individual or on information that leads the police to a particular individual who has been identified as being, or having been, engaged in criminal activity (Ramirez, 2008, p.3). Originally, racial profiling was used to combat the issue of drugs and assist with...
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...Multinational Management (MSc IBM) - Page 1/9 THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER Manchester Business School MULTINATIONAL MANAGEMENT Version 2015-02-09 Academic Year 2014-2015 Course unit Title: Multinational Management Course unit code: BMAN 70012 Credit Rating: 15 credits 1 Instructors Contact details Umair.Choksy@mbs.ac.uk Room: MBS East F3 Office hours: by arrangement Noemi.Sinkovics@mbs.ac.uk www.manchester.ac.uk/research/noemi.sinkovics Phone: (0161) 275 6492 Room: MBS East F11 Office hours: by arrangement Name Umair Choksy (US) Course unit coordinator Dr Noemi Sinkovics (NS) The University of Manchester, Manchester Business School, Booth Street West, Manchester M15 6PB, UK 2 Course unit Objectives This course has three interrelated and equally important objectives: i. ii. iii. 3 Introduce key multinational management concepts, and illustrate their applications. Understand multinational mentalities and develop strategic and critical thinking in relation to multinational management. Understand the management challenges associated with developing strategies and handling the operations of firms whose activities stretch across national boundaries. Learning Outcomes On successful completion of the course unit, students are expected to: i. ii. Demonstrate an understanding of the theoretical and managerial fields of multinational management. Understand how multinational firms are managing in competitive environments, what are on-going tensions between the competitive...
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...an exempt charity. Contents Introducing… AS Level History A (from September 2015) Teaching and learning resources iv Why choose an OCR AS Level in History A? 1 1a. Why choose an OCR qualification? 1 1b. Why choose an OCR AS Level in History A? 2 1c. What are the key features of this specification? 3 1d. 2 iii Professional Development 1 ii How do I find out more information? 3 4 2a. Overview of AS Level in History A (H105) 4 2b. Content of AS Level in History A (H105) 5 2c. Content of unit group 1: British period study and enquiry (Units Y131 to Y143) 8 2c. Content of unit group 2: Non-British period study (Units Y231 to Y254) 33 2d. 3 The specification overview Prior learning and progression 60 61 3a. Forms of assessment 61 3b. Assessment objectives (AOs) 61 3c. Assessment availability 62 3d. Retaking the qualification 62 3e. Assessment of extended response 62 3f....
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...Kyle Baldani Religious Studies Islam and Christianity: A Comparison October 4, 2010 Islam is one of the largest religions in the world, with more than one and a half billion followers worldwide it is the most rapidly growing religion today. While on the surface Islam and Christianity appear to be very different, the history of the two religions and the core beliefs behind them are very similar. Most of Islam’s population comes from the Middle East, but there are still large amount of Muslims all over the world including Africa, China, and the United States (NationMaster, np). Depending on the region in which they live some customs may vary. Within the United States Islam has grown significantly in the past twenty years, largely due to the high percentage of immigrants coming over from the Middle East. Fundamentally speaking there are a few major correlations between Islam and Christianity. Two of the biggest similarities are the monotheistic bases of the religion, or belief in one God and the belief that both religions result from the direct descendent of Abraham, a quality also shared with Judaism. While there may be many similarities in the area of which the two sects were founded, they still differ in many ways most of which come from the doctrinal beliefs at the heart of each religion. The most important figure in the world of Islam, and a name that is recognized by most around the world is the prophet Muhammad. Muhammad was born in approximately 570 C.E. in the town...
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...biomedcentral.com/1471-2377/1/3 Received: 29 June 2001 Accepted: 30 July 2001 © 2001 Jellinger et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in any medium for any non-commercial purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL. For commercial use, contact info@biomedcentral.com Abstract Background and Purpose: The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) is still controversial. The aim of our retrospective autopsy study was to assess the impact of TBE and ApoE allele frequency on the development of AD. Material and Methods: We examined 1. the incidence of AD pathology (Braak stageing, CERAD, NIA-Reagan Institute criteria) in 58 consecutive patients (mean age ± SD 77.0 ± 6.8 years) with residual closed TBI lesions, and 2. the frequency of TBI residuals in 57 age-matched autopsy proven AD cases. In both...
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...MKTG 322 Marketing of Services Year 3 Year: 2012/2013 Course Director: Dr. Sheila Malone Contents 1. Introduction.................................................................................... 3 2. Course Objectives ........................................................................... 4 2.1 Learning Outcomes ......................................................................... 4 3. Recommended Reading ................................................................... 4 4. Assessments................................................................................... 5 5. Lecture and Workshop Activities ...................................................... 7 5.1 Workshop Timetable........................................................................ 8 5.2 Lecture Programme......................................................................... 8 2 1. Introduction Welcome to the Marketing of Services module 2012-2013. This is a 15 credit point module. The overall aim of this course is to develop an appreciation and understanding of Services Marketing from a theoretical point of view as well as business and management context. This will be achieved by exploring the key theoretical foundations for services marketing, including the models and frameworks associated with the marketing of services and examining how these are employed by managers in service based companies. The course is divided into four themes: a) The DNA of Services, 2) An Experiential...
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...Economy Profile: India © 2012 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone 202-473-1000 Internet www.worldbank.org All rights reserved. 1 2 3 4 08 07 06 05 A copublication of The World Bank and the International Finance Corporation. This volume is a product of the staff of the World Bank Group. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone 978-750-8400; fax 978-750-4470; Internet www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax 202-522-2422; e-mail pubrights@worldbank.org. Copies of Doing Business 2012:...
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...Education and Women’s Empowerment in Bangladesh Nashid Kamal *and K.M Zunaid** *Professor and Head, Department of Population-Environment Independent University, Bangladesh **Graduate student, Sydney 1 Abstract: In Bangladesh the latest BDHS, 2004 finds that only twenty percent women work for cash. Among them only 48 percent are able to spend their money on their own, the rest are dependant upon spouses or other family members to take joint decisions on spending. Defining this variable as a measure of empowerment, this analysis investigates correlates of empowerment using logistic regression analysis. The model finds that marital status is the most significant predictor of empowerment in Bangladesh. Unmarried women are six times more likely to be empowered. Secondary education is another major determinant of empowerment, along with the woman’s mobility and decision making scores. The paper recommends strengthening women’s secondary education in Bangladesh and also taking measures to encourage late marriage for women. 2 INTRODUCTION The participation of women in the labour market in Bangladesh has increased in the recent years. One of the major areas where women have found employment has been the garment sector. This industry employs around 10 million persons directly or indirectly, of which ninety percent are women workers. In the 1993-94 BDHS the percentage of women who reported cash income was only 14.4 percent. After the garment industries were set up in Bangladesh...
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