...ATTITUDE OF EMPLOYERS, TOWARDS EMPLOYING EX-PRISONERS AND EX-OFFENDERS AS PERCEIVED BY HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGERS IN ORTIGAS PASIG CITY Prepared By: Ms. Marilyn Dimaculangan CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION It is well known that employment is an important need of most individuals; it provides income, social connection, and feelings of societal contribution and self worth. What may be less well known are the barriers to employment faced by those with criminal record, the challenges faced by employers in hiring ex-offenders and what can be done to facilitate employment opportunities as record numbers of people transition from incarceration to the community. A great number of employers are reluctant to hire individuals with a criminal past citing lack of skills and work history, untrustworthiness, and fear of liability for negligent hiring, among other things. Employers use of criminal history background checks over the past decades and they are less willing to hire ex-offenders that any other advantaged group. Their willingness to hire ex-prisoners varies according to the industry and position, the type and severity of offense committed by applicant and work experience since release. Employers are not always consistent in what they say versus what they do when it comes to hiring former offenders and prisoners Jail is a synonym for prison, especially when the facility is of a similar size as a prison. As with prisons, some jails have different wings for...
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...element in prison life throughout England and Wales for many years. It is when “prisoners and their families receive assistance and support from the prison and probation services and voluntary agencies to help them prepare for life after prison” (Justice, 2002). The objective is to hopefully lead prisoners towards recidivism, which will hopefully return ex-offenders to normal life, employment and housing. Criminological and social research done by Social Exclusion Unit (SEU) identified the following factors to be what influenced reoffending. These are; education, employment, drug and alcohol misuse, mental and physical health, housing, financial support, debt and family networks. The aim of this essay is to...
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...Are prisons effective total institutions or do they more commonly fail in their goal of resocialization? Please compare and contrast how a conflict, or a functionalist theorist would analyze this part of the criminal justice system. Resocialization is a process in which a person released from prison or another institution re-enters society as a changed individual. The question, however, is: How effective are our “total” institutions in re-socialization? When looking at the evidence, it is clear that the prison system often falls short in this area. The prison system is a correctional method in which inmates are confined and have limited rights. However,...
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...-Statement of who and where The Right to Education, Prison-University Partnerships, and Online Writing Pedagogy in the US is an article that focuses on whether or not prisoners should be able to have the opportunity to receive an education while they serve their sentence. It addresses the benefits, as well as some of the cons, that can develop from education rights; to the prisoners, as well as the community. The public and the educators are also addressed throughout this article. The controversy of whether or not education should be available for prisoners is a big problem throughout the United States. Many people feel a deep concern about this issue; due to the fact that nowadays education is very expensive and a lot of people have a hard enough time being able to fund college for themselves; while trying not to take on a lot of loans. Also, family members of the prisoners feel deeply about this problem. Even though their son, daughter, mom, etc. have broken the law and depending on the severity of the crime they still want to be able to know their family member will be able to have a chance to live a normal life, after prison. Whether you are the prisoner, the taxpayer, a family member of the prisoner, a teacher, and so on this problem can be important, as well as a concern to anyone. -Overcrowding in the prisons One of the big reasons for the cutting of funds for prison education is because of the increase of inmates over the last few decades. There are 2.2 million...
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...than millions are incarcerated in federal prison, state prisons and county jail. Many people are rearrested while on parole or probation. On top of all this, correctional facilities have many problems like undereducated inmate, prison overcrowding, rehabilitation, too cushy prison conditions, and the need for longer sentences. Undereducated The fact is that , if parolees are released with the skills needed to obtain and keep a job, they will find themselved back in the same place where they just left, jail. Finding meaning jobs, getting GED's and post secondary education and a strond support factor is need to keep them on the streets. Many inmates are undereducated with low reading, writing and communication skills. Those who participate in correctional educational programs have a better chance of staying in the community and finding a job or career. Comparing now to ten years ago, prisons were just meant for punishing. Now, correctional facilites are opening more options to inmate to rehabilitate. GED classes, law books, parenting classes, anger management are more available. More programs are designed more to the inmates needs than academic. For example, many have mental and substance abuse needs. With the right education, inmates and correctional are looking for ways to eliminate these problems before a person is re-entered into society. Inmates need help to adapt to the outside world they are about to enter when released from prison. Rather than have an inmate just be...
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...Since the point of prison, and in more specific, solitary confinement, is rehabilitation it becomes very clear that there is a cost involved in keeping inmates incarcerated, and these costs befall the tax payers. It’s costly enough to house one inmate in a regular prison, but even more so when the inmate is in solitary confinement. With reports by the Bureau of Justice, the prison population is already at nearly a staggering two million. Out of those two million, over eighty-thousand are in solitary and the costs quickly add up (Adkins 210). Furthermore, these figures don’t include criminals in jails or juvenile correction facilities, so the cost is even greater (“Key Statistics: Prisoners”). It’s been reported by NPR, in an article titled...
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...As mandatory minimum sentencings continue, the costs for incarceration is increasing and could be allocated for other purposes. Research shows that within the past two decades, the federal prison budget has increased rapidly due to the higher costs of incarceration for federal prisoners. According to the Criminal Justice Policy Foundation, which works on drug policy and criminal justice reform, in 2015 the average cost for incarceration of a federal prisoner was around $32,000. The federal prison budget had increased from $3.7 billion in 2000, $5 billion in 2006, and $7 billion in 2017. These numbers reveal the immense amount of money that could otherwise be used towards other epidemics that require attention from the United States. The said...
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...Corrections September 14, 2014 In this paper, there will be thorough evaluations made about issues revolving around in prisons. It is a sticky topic being that reformers look to see if a prisoner can be rehabilitated in order to regain entrance into functioning society. Once this information is accessed, then can the prisoner be eligible for forms of release, including, parole, probation, community service, and other methods of early release. The main function in the correctional system has been, in the past, to rehabilitate criminal offenders and teach them how to become citizens who live a life free from crime. Some rehabilitation programs used to reform inmates include counseling, health and fitness programs, academic programs and religious programs. This is the basis for the discussion presented in this paper. The topics to be discussed include, defining rehabilitation, the origins of rehabilitation, prisoner rehabilitation and society, and the suggested improvement of rehabilitation. All of which are imperative to the understanding of the rehabilitation of prisoners. The definition of rehabilitation in the prison setting is, “something that makes a prisoner a better person” (Foster, 2006). Now, with this definition there is much controversy. The problem is, when speaking on making a prisoner better, you still have to wonder, is the prisoner better all around, or is he just better at becoming a different type of criminal. This topic has been a controversial issue since...
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...Employment Upon release employment is one of the greatest immediate needs for offenders returning to their communities. Research shows that many offenders have difficulty finding employment upon release. The majority of ex prisoners have difficulty finding employment because they have few job skills (Davis et al., 2012). Recently released offenders frequently face difficulties finding employment due to the collateral consequences arising from the stigma attached to their criminal records. For instance, Keena and Simmons (2015) reported that former prisoners are legally barred from a growing number of jobs and that employers are often unwilling to hire them for unrestricted jobs. Furthermore, the authors added that employers willing to hire...
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...to industrialist and former slave owners who believed that they could obtain mass profit by “seeking out” African Americans to pay back “debt” much like today...
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...History of state and federal prisons The histories of the state and federal prison systems have some connections which both systems has something distinctive. The State is usually operated by the state governments and consists of prisoners that are considered blue collar criminals and the federal systems are mainly associated with white collar criminals. Both prison systems have security levels which include minimum, low, medium, and high levels of security. History of punishment dates back to the origin of various civilizations. The former colonial criminal edicts were a inquisitive blend of English barbarity, religion, and pragmatism. Ever since the beginning of the world people have devised ways to punish individuals who commit offensive and intolerable acts. The idea of prisons however came later and the use of jails and detention methods was seen as more humanitarian process when compared to formal corporal methods to punish an offensive individual. In 1700 century the former philosophy of prison was presented and was accepted widely. In 1790 first ever prison was constructed in United States named as Walnut Street Jail. As the time went by the framework and processes of prison systems were devised and by 1930 The Federal Bureau of Prison was developed by congress that was headed by President Herbert Hoover .The original impartial United States prison was an old army penitentiary at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas and started accommodating offenders in 1895 (Keve,1995). In1880s...
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...There have been several empirical research materials providing evidence on the success of prison educational programs in reducing the return to prison rates. First and foremost, in Michigan, the Prisoner Education proponents have expressed the importance of educational programs for the ex-convicts while being incarcerated in reducing the rate of recidivism as documented by Brunton-Smith and Hopkins (2014). The primary goal of several prison education programs is to offer behavior correctional lessons while providing instructions that will help refine the convicts’ behavior to meet the behavioral norms of the general public. Skills are incorporated into the prison educational curriculum which is made up of basic skills of literacy and essential...
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...(1973). Interpersonal dynamics in a simulated prison. International Journal of Criminology and Penology, 1, 69-97. “Suppose you had kids who were normally healthy, psychologically and physically, and they knew they would be going into a prison-like environment and that some of their civil rights would be sacrificed. Would those good people, put in that bad, evil place – would their goodness triumph?” Zimbargo Cognitive dissonance is the unconfortable feeling or stress caused by holding two contradictory ideas simultaneously. The theory of cognitive dissonance proposes that people have a fundamental cognitive drive to reduce this dissonance by modifying an existing belief, or rejecting one of the contradictory ideas. In 1971, psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues set out to create an experiment that looked at the impact of becoming a prisoner or prison guard. Zambardo, a former classmate of Stanley Milgram (Obedience experiment) was interested in expanding upon Milgram’s research. He wanted to further investigate the impact of situational variables on human behavior. That led Zimbardo to explore the psychological effect of becoming a prison guard or prisoner. The experiment took place in Stanford University, California, and there was 24 male participants. The participants we predominantly white and middle-class. There were originally 70 volunteers, but Zimbardo picked the 24 “most psychologically stable and healthy”. The “prison” was mock, and constructed in the basement...
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...fined or whipped. If a second offense occurred, the offender would pay triple the fines and would sit on the gallows platform with a noose around their neck. They would then be lashed up to thirty times at a whipping post. If a third offense was committed, the offender was hanged publicly. Due to the rise in thievery and crimes, England took steps in 1557 to put a stop to it. The construction of correction houses or “work houses” began in Bridewell London. Personnel who failed to adhere to the laws established were sent to these facilities where they were flogged and forced to do hard labor. Punishment by imprisonment was unknown until the 1780’s. The common jail at the time was used for the detention of a prisoner until the prisoner was acquitted, fined or subjected to corporal punishment. The...
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...INTRODUCTION TO ARGUMENTATION Introduction to Argumentation Viengdavanh Cordero EN 1420 1. The chosen argument is B, “Prisons should focus more on rehabilitation and education than on punishment.” This argument will be presented to a group of law enforcement agency and then to a group of educators who are doing volunteer work in a prison. 2. Law enforcement agency: a. Strategy i. This is a group of law enforcement agency who I will assume have the knowledge of law enforcement to operate their ability to apply their restrictive powers. ii. The purpose of this argument is to persuade the law enforcement agency that it is in their best interest to support rehabilitation and education than punishment. iii. The contextual points will support the notion that what is better for prisoners as a whole will improve less population, drug abuse and crime in prison and in the long run. b. Argument: In order to have a society ran by people for the people, we must have order. It is up to law enforcement agency to ensure that prisoners are given a chance to re-enter society and become law-abiding citizens. It should be the mission of the government to rehabilitate the prisoner no matter the infraction. For example, if a prisoner has mental issues, there should be rehabilitative therapy implemented, so that the mental prisoner can be productive behind bars. Also by focusing on rehabilitation and education, it reduces recidivism and generates a positive return...
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