...Failures POS/355 August 26, 2013 UOPX Failures Distributed systems emerged recently in the world of computers. A distributed system is an application of independent computers that appear to work as a coherent system to its users. The advantages of distributed systems consist of developing the ability to continually to open interactions with other components to accommodate a number of computers and users. Thus, stating that a stand-alone system is not as powerful as a distributed system that has the combined capabilities of distributed components. This type of system does have its complications and is difficult to maintain complex interactions continual between running components. Problems do arise because distributed systems are not without its failures. Four types of failures will characterize and the solutions to two of these failures will address on how to fix such problems. Before constructing a distributed system reliable one must consider fault tolerance, availability, reliability, scalability, performance, and security. Fault tolerance means that the system continues to operate in the event of internal or external system failure to prevent data loss or other issues. Availability needed to restore operations to resume procedure with components has failed to perform. For the system to run over a long period without any errors is need and known as reliability. To remain scalable means to operate correctly on a large scale. Performance and security remains needed...
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...Four Types of Distributed Computer System Failures This paper will discuss four common types of distributed computer system failures which are Crash failures also known as operating system failures, Hardware Failures, Omission Failures and Byzantine Failures. Included in the discussion are failures which can also occur in a centralized computer system, and how to isolate and repair two types of failures. Crash failures are normally associated with a server fault in a typical distributed system. Inherently crash failures are interrupt operations of the server and can halt operation for a considerable time (Projects Helper, 2012).Operating system failures are the best examples for this scenario. Operating System or software failures come in many more varieties than hardware failures. Software bugs in distributed systems can be difficult to replicate and, consequently, repair and or debug. Corresponding fault tolerant systems are developed and employed with respect to these affects. An operating system or software failure can also occur in a centralized system such as a data base this is why it is highly recommended to back up a data base using stable mass storage media (Projects Helper, 2012). We have an extensive data base on our server at my work place. The storage back-up is run daily. I cannot imagine the man-hours it would take to re-input even a month’s worth of production data if it were lost due to a failure the system could not recover from. Hardware failures can...
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...Distributed System and Centralized Failures By Kentrell Lanier POS/355 March 28, 2014 Paul Borkowski Distributed System and Centralized System Failures Distributed system is many computers linked together that take on different tasks and act like one big computer. Distributed system is found in business across the world. When computers are linked together they share the same database and server. Distributed system is constructed for resource sharing, computation speedup, reliability, and communication Distributed system have different names for the computers in the system. Names such as sites, nodes, computers, machines, and host. Each names goes to a computer that’s part of the system. Resource sharing is when computers link up and they have different data any user can use the data form any computer in the system. Computation speedup is when the system recognize that one computer is over worked so the system have computers that’s have less duties to perform the tasks. Computation speedup help the system from crashing and tasks are preformed quicker. Distributed systems are more reliable because if one computer crash or fail the others can share its responsibilities and system will continue running smoothly. By computers being link together the users can communicate between each other. Two Types of failure When dealing with computers there are two types of failures. You can have a hard drive failure or a software failure. A hard drive failure is when the disk drive fails to...
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...Distributed System Failures Mark McCarley POS/355 Terrance Carlson June 23, 2014 A distributed system can be described as a collection of computer systems linked together via a network and fully equipped with distributed system software. The distributed system software allows the individuals computer systems to coordinate computing activities and share resources such as system hardware and software as well as data. To the end-user a distributed system should appear as a single system that allows seamless interaction and improves overall availability and performance. A distributed system appears in direct contrast to a system where end-users are fully aware that there are several systems and/or locations. In some cases, in a non-distributed system end-user may even be aware of storage replication and load balancing. According to the “Georgia State University” (2014) website there are four main goals of a distributed system: Connecting resources and users, distribution transparency, openness and scalability. Similar to the goals of a distributed system, there are also four main types of possible failures that can occur in a distributed system: Crash failures, hardware failures, omission failures and byzantine failures. Crash failures, also referred to as operating system failures, are most typically associated with a server fault in distributed systems. In their most basic form a crash failure or operating system failure is an interrupt operation and can halt...
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...Failures of a Distributed System POS/355 July 25, 2013 Failures of a Distributed System In the words of Adam Savage from Mythbusters, “failure is always an option”. This holds true when talking about a distributed system, which is a computer network like a Wide Area Network (WAN) or a Local Area Network (LAN). Distributed systems is defined as a software system in which components located on networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages (Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg, & Blair, 2012). This allows the computers or even devices like smart phones and tablets, to share resources like printers, hard drives, and even internet access. A centralized system is a computer that is by itself, one that is not connected to a laptop. Think of a centralized computer as one of the spy computers in movies, like Mission Impossible. These systems can and will fail, while sharing some failures; a distributed system has more components that could fail, leading to them having more problems. There a many things that could fail on a distributed system, this paper will cover four of them, starting with hardware failure. Video cards, network access card, hard disk drives, solid-state drives, memory, and power supply units (PSU), these are all pieces of hardware that are in most of the computers sold today, and they can all die at a moment’s notice. Some of these items, if they failed would not affect the network or distributed system at all, like a video card...
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...Failures Adam Cain POS/355 2/6/2014 Randy Shirley Failure is not an option! This is what I have been told growing up and while I served in the Marine Corps, but as I found out in this assignment, failure is an option. This holds true when talking about a distributed system, which is a computer network like a Wide Area Network (WAN) or a Local Area Network (LAN). Distributed systems is defined as a software system in which components located on networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages (Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg, & Blair, 2012). This allows the computers or even devices like smart phones and tablets, to share resources like printers, hard drives, and even internet access. A centralized system is a computer that is by itself, one that is not connected to a laptop. Think of a centralized computer as one of the spy computers in movies, like Mission Impossible. These systems can and will fail, while sharing some failures; a distributed system has more components that could fail, leading to them having more problems. There a many things that could fail on a distributed system, this paper will cover four of them, starting with hardware failure. Video cards, network access card, hard disk drives, solid-state drives, memory, and power supply units (PSU), these are all pieces of hardware that are in most of the computers sold today, and they can all die at a moment’s notice. Some of these items, if they failed would not...
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...System Fail Scott Goretzke POS/355 3/26/14 Gary Smith System Fail According to Webster, a failure is classified as “an omission of occurrence or a state of inability to perform a normal or specified function that ultimately leads to a lack of success.” In the light of operating systems, this topic can be extremely important to a customer and designer of said system. Failures in a system can create catastrophic events that are costly in both monetary and emotional aspects. Faults within a system can be different in nature and can continue to wreak havoc on the system or to do nothing in some cases. Failures in distributed and centralized system can be specific in nature; however a generalized topic can describe the majority of these failures across the system. There are four types of failures in distributed systems that can affect functionality; but two of these four specific failures that can affect centralized systems as well. The general failures include: halting type failures, byzantine style failures, omission failures, and failures related to network issues. While all of these are important some of them affect a system more violently than others. The first types of failures to discuss are halting failures. These types of failures can be frustrating in nature since they affect most of the system and do not allow the operator to really investigate without rebooting the entire system. These failures essentially freeze the system...
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...Failures The following paper will examine four types of failures that may occur in a distributed system. Also discussed is how these failures relate to a centralized system. Lastly, two of the four failures common to both a distributed and a centralized system will be isolated and fixed. A distributed operating system gives the appearance of a single system; however in all actuality it is a collection of computers that are connected to a network. This collection of computers, or distributed operating system, share resources and therefore encounters problematic failures as a result (Stallings, 2012). Failures experienced by distributed operating systems include communication faults, machine failures or fail-stop, storage-device crashes and decays of storage media, and network failures (Ghosh & Mathur, 2011). Communication faults In order to detect communication faults a time-out scheme can be used. When a communication, or message, is sent out it specifies a time interval during specifying the length of time it will wait for an acknowledgement message from the sender. If the sender received the acknowledgement message within the specified timeframe, then all is well and good. However, if the message is outside of that timeframe then we know that we are experiencing a communication fault and a time-out is occurring. In this case, the sender can send a message to the receiver asking ‘are you up?’. If no response is acknowledged or sent back, then it is likely...
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...FAILURES POSS / 355 Moore Clarence 29 june 2015 BOB O CONNER To begin what is a distributed system? There are several words that can describe parts that make up a distributed system. A program , a process, a message, packet, protocol, network components all take part in helping define what a distributed system makes of. A distributed system is an application that executes a collection of protocols to coordinate cooperate together to perform a single or small set of related tasks. Failure is the defining difference between distributed and local programming. So you have to design distributed system with the expectation of failures. Handling failures is an important theme in distributed systems design. Failures fall into two obvious categories. Hardware and software. Hardware failures was once an issue but since has improved a lot. Dealing with a lot of improvements to such items as wiring and circuits played positive roles to improving hardware the mechanical and network failures are part of todays problems. Software failures is part of a distributed system. When a software failure occurs it often affect downtime to the distributed system. The computer freezing or fail stop and so often even a network failure. Types of failures includes crash failures that is when a server halts, but its working correctly until it halts. Omission failure is another type of failure that a server fails to respond to incoming requests also fails to receive incoming messages or fails to...
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...design and implementation of a reliable distributed system is a very important. The failure of this system can result in easily repairable errors, such as hardware, software, or catastrophic meltdowns where hardware overloads, hardware crashes that were not protected. Faults can occur in any of the components of a distributed system. There are four types of failures more commonly known as compute cluster which allows applications to run on more than one computer (node). Data centric systems that involve high volumes of access are more difficult to make fault tolerant. They require failure monitoring software and a special configuration. These types of systems are high availability clusters that allow two or more computers and a set of shared disks. Any application can be installed on the shared disk which allows all other computers access, with certain restrictions designated for each user or pc. The running application's node has exclusive access to the application's data on disk. Specific applications may run very well from this type of system. The application may fail on the shared disk and the nodes exclusive access is terminated and is granted to another node in the cluster. The application is restarted on a new node, which the user will notice a slight interrupt and lose of some data. Design issues are very important in utilizing the multiplicity of processors and storage devices transparent to users. In a conventional, centralized system the user interface should be transparent...
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...business environment has an increasing need for distributed database and client/server applications as the desire for reliable, scalable and accessible information is steadily rising. Distributed database systems provide an improvement on communication and data processing due to its data distribution throughout different network sites. Not only is data access faster, but a single-point of failure is less likely to occur, and it provides local control of data for users. However, there is some complexity when attempting to manage and control distributed database systems. The DDBMS synchronizes all the data periodically, and in cases where multiple users must access the same data, ensures that updates and deletes performed on the data at one location will be automatically reflected in the data stored elsewhere. A distributed database can also be defined as a collection of multiple, logically interrelated databases distributed over a computer network. A distributed database management system is then defined as the software system that permits the management of the distributed databases and makes this distribution transparent to the users. Distributed database system is to referred as a combination of the distributed databases and the distributed DBMS Current trends in multi-tier client/server networks make DDBS an appropriated solution to provide access to and control over localized databases. Oracle, as a leading Database Management System (DBMS) vendor employs the two-phase commit technique...
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...|College of Information Systems & Technology | | |POS/355 Version 9 | | |MU12BIT08 | | |Introduction to Operational Systems | | |Wk 1 June 10 | | |Wk 2 June 17 | | |Wk 3 June 24 | | |Wk 4 July 01 | | |Wk 5 July 08 | Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an introduction to operating systems. Topics covered include...
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...Table of Content TABLE OF CONTENT ........................................................................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ 2 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 3 FAULT TOLERANCE IN WSN .............................................................................................................. 4 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................................................... 6 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................... 7 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................... 8 SIGNIFICANCE .................................................................................................................................... 10 LIMITATION ......................................................................................................................................... 10 POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS (IMPLICATION OF RESEARCH) .................................................... 11 REFERENCES ..................................................
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...peers’ capability. The peer’s needs are different in different situations. Depending on the situation, a peer may need to consider it’s trust in a specific aspect of another peer’s capability or in multiple aspects. There are networks that provide a flexible method to present differentiated trust and combine different aspects of trust. The evaluation of the model using a simulation shows that the system where peers communicate their experiences outperforms the system where peers do not share recommendations with each other and that a differentiated trust adds to the performance in terms of percentage of successful interactions. Currently, a new and highly interesting paradigm for communication on the Internet, known as Peer-to-Peer (P2P), is emerging. Although originally designed exclusively for pragmatic file swapping applications, Peer-to-Peer mechanisms can be used to access any kind of distributed resources and may offer new possibilities for Internet based applications. Computer and network security, or cybersecurity, are critical issues. But merely protecting the systems that hold data about citizens, corporations, and...
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...to develop distributed applications. Administrators use Component Services to manage those applications. An administrator receives a COM+ application file from a developer and then uses Component Services to deploy that application on a server computer. Next, the administrator configures permissions for the application, as well as other settings. As an administrator, you can deploy and administer COM+ applications in two primary ways. You can use the Component Services snap-in in Microsoft Management Console (MMC), or you can write scripts to automate deployment and administration. As an alternative to using the Component Services MMC snap-in, you can automate any of the tasks by writing code that uses administration objects that are provided through the COMAdmin Library dynamic-link library (DLL). For a description of how to use these objects, see "Automating COM+ Administration" on COM+ General Tasks (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=66607). For complete Component Services resources for developers, see COM+ (Component Services) (http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=66575). This topic provides an overview of the most commonly performed Component Services tasks and related concepts. Component Services application types Most Component Services administrative tasks involve deploying applications and components on the network and ensuring high performance and security for the deployed applications and components. The tasks that you perform depend on the type of application...
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