...International Research Journal of Social Sciences_____________________________________ ISSN 2319–3565 Vol. 2(8), 48-54, August (2013) Int. Res. J. Social Sci. India and China: Prospects and Challenges Mehraj Uddin Gojree Department of Political Science, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P., INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in Received 16th July 2013, revised 27th July 2013, accepted 12th August 2013 Abstract This paper seeks to assess the future prospects and challenges of the relationship between the two rising giants of Asia namely China and India. As they both are rising as great powers, their mutual relationship will have a significant impact not only on Asia, but on the whole world. At present, the nature of their relationship is something mixed i.e., growing cooperation in the field of trade and commerce along with distrust and mutual suspicions in the strategic fields whether political or geographical. For these apparent factors, the future relationship between India and China can be characterised by the cooperation in those fields whether mutual, regional or international which may be beneficial for the peaceful rise of both these states and confrontation, competition, and even hostility in some other areas where the respective interests of both the giants clash with each other, for example, the border issue, relationship with other countries particularly US and Pakistan, their encirclement policies, competition for energy resources, nuclear arms race...
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...Social Theory of International Politics Is it a good alternative on established theories in international relations? 1811 Words Maxim de la Haije (2509740) VU University Political Analysis Dr. Paul Pennings Amsterdam, 28 June 2013 Introduction In recent decades, many approaches have emerged which all try to clarify the processes of international relations as best as possible. Alexander Wendt, a staunch supporter of the social constructivist school, developed the ‘Social Theory of International Politics’ to explain this process, this theory is based on social constructivism. His works can be seen as a response to the theory developed by Waltz, which provided the basis for the neorealist school. This new approach to international relations is increasingly gaining ground and can be seen as a important contribution towards existing theories of international relations. Wendt felt that the existing theories in international relations were too restrictive and too much adherence to guidelines. He thinks out of the box and is in certain areas very rebellious. He beliefs that realism misses the inter subjectively shared ideas which shape behaviour by constituting the identities and interest of actors. Wendt (1999) sees the international system as a social construction. In his works he emphasizes the role of shared ideas and norms in shaping state behavior. Liberal and realist perspectives aim that materialist or individualist reasons causes actions by states. Wendt...
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...De La Salle – College of Saint Benilde Taft Avenue, Malate, Manila Feminism and International Relations Submitted by: BALIGOD, Katrina Angelica A. LS201 Submitted to: Sir. Francisco Noel Fernandez III 20 October 2014 I. Introduction Hans J. Morgenthau, one of the leading proponents of the approach known as Realism (also known as power politics), claims that universal standards of morality cannot be an constant guide to IR because there is an "ineluctable tension between the moral command and the requirements of successful political action." He argues that state actors must think and act in terms of power and must do whatever it takes to defend the national interests of their state. J. Ann Tickner, commenting on the primacy of power in Morgenthau's writings, explains that what he considers to be "a realistic description of international politics is only a picture of the past and therefore not a prediction about the future", and proposes what she considers to be a feminist alternative: a world in which state actors think of power in terms of collective empowerment, not in terms of domination over one another, could produce more cooperative outcomes and pose fewer conflicts between the dictates of morality and the power of self-interest (Art & Jervis, 2005). Emergence of Feminism Most of the early feminists in IR were IR theorists, researchers, and policy practitioners, who read syllabi full of scholarly articles by mainly or only men, and seen IR as a scholarly place...
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...National Defence University, Islamabad Faculty of Contemporary Studies International Relations Department Research Paper SIGNIFICANCE OF PAK-RUSSIA RELATIONS: FOREIGN POLICY OPTIONS FOR PAKISTAN By: Arshad Mahmood, M.Phil (IR), NDU, Islamabad 20 November 2012 Submitted to: Dr Shaheen Akhtar Associate Professor Department of International Relations NDU, Islamabad SIGNIFICANCE OF PAK-RUSSIA RELATIONS: FOREIGN POLICY OPTIONS FOR PAKISTAN ABSTRACT Pak-Russia relations, viewing from a realist perspective, have not been built upon strong pillars of understanding each other’s interests and concerns which are most essential for establishing enduring bilateral ties. The history of their bilateral relations is simply a tale of misperception and misunderstandings. Both the nations despite having convergence of interests on various bilateral, regional and international issues and immense potentials in cooperation have never availed opportunities. In fact both, Pakistan and Russia had viewed each other through the prism of other states and with wrong perceptions. The changing international environment and internal and regional political dynamics of both the states have now provided another chance their elites to revisit their bilateral relations and lay down a foundation for a prosperous future. SECTION-1 INTRODUCTION Background 1. On 26 December 1991 the world witnessed the collapse of the first and the largest communist country - the Union of Soviet...
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...This unit introduces Asian Studies and International Relations. Considering both traditional and contemporary times, it seeks to place Asia’s diverse cultures in a global context. It examines issues such as how to define Asia, how Asian states related to each other, and how Western ideas of international relations have transformed these relations. The unit has two strands, each considering a set of ideas. First it examines the great religions/philosophies of Asian societies – Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Christianity and Confucianism – have influenced them. It then considers international relations theory and how theories can help us understand the complexities of Asian states’ relations with each other and the wider world. Credit point value 10 Pre-requisites Nil Co-requisites Nil Unit/s incompatible with and not to be counted for credit Nil Unit level 1 Assumed knowledge None Attendance requirements Attendance below 80% at tutorials without due cause may constitute grounds for failure. Non-attendance in tutorials for illness or misadventure or other reasons should be documented and submitted to the unit coordinator upon return. Enrolment restrictions Nil Unit learning outcomes Students who successfully complete this unit will be able to: • identify of the diversity and complexity of Asia; • explain the social manifestations and international political impact of Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, Buddhism and Confucianism in an Asian context; • evaluate the...
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...the country’s main source of income. Denmark’s location was also a leading factor in their trade network and international relations. With a key location within the Baltic sea and proximity to some of Europe’s greatest powers (such as Great Britain, Sweden, and Prussia) trade was easily accessible and profitable. Due to all that Denmark had relying upon their international status and positive relations, the loss of both these things through the army neutrality...
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...INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS - CA2 | Do Regional Organizations Have a Role to Play in International Relations? | Krystal Tan Yi Zhen 1227831 DIB/FT/2A/02 | What is Regional Organizations? Regional organizations incorporate international membership of states based on boundaries characteristic to a unique geography, such as continents, or geopolitics, such as economic blocks. Some regional organizations are African Union (AU) and European Union (EU). The UN recognises regional organizations as stakeholders in international relations and has granted some of them observer status at the UN General Assembly and permanent representation in New York. The right to speak at the United Nations General Assembly meetings, participation in procedural votes, and to sponsor and sign resolutions means that regional organisations can influence relationships between countries. The three main roles of regional organizations that justify their existence are Peacekeeping and Security, Combating Terrorism, and Disaster Risk Reduction Peacekeeping and Security Regional organizations have an increasing responsibility to maintain a peaceful and stable environment among countries, accelerate growth and development in their member countries through joint endeavours, and maintain beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organisations. The increasing need of strengthening the role of regional organizations in maintaining international peace and security demonstrates the importance...
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...and how it is related with the International Relations; 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Globalization; 3. Effectiveness of the Globalization Conclusion NTRODUCTION In my work I talk about the Globalization and its relation with the Globalization where I dwelled upon the Globalization. In the second part I did survey and focused on the advantages and disadvantages of globalization as the statistics show.After hammering out the two factors I wrote about de facto effectiveness of the Globalization and at the end I stated my estimation and conclusion. International Relation and Globalization As more nations, people, and cultures adapt to the ever changing international community, diplomats, politicians, and representatives must meet and deal with accordingly to the needs and wants of nations. Diplomacy can be exerted in many forms; through peace talks, written constitutions, field experiences, etc. Culture is a familiar term and remains unchanged by definition. However, globalization and international relations have constantly altered culture both positively and negatively. Globalization increases worldwide technology, and the readability of fast, effective communication and consumption of popular products. Globalization links cultures and international relations on a variety of levels; economics, politically, socially, etc. International relations have used globalization to reach its goal: of understanding cultures. International relations focus on how countries, people...
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...though the aims of the Arab Spring were intended for good, it did not achieve positive results. It actually created more problems and threatened the security and stability of the Arab countries. The theoretical perspective that the author used is a structural realist one. He drew on the theory of Kenneth Waltz and argued that the future of international politics is going to be filled with complications and difficulties. The theory of structural realism argues that the highest goal of states is to attain power (Jackson & Sorensen 2013: 81). Even though this is so, the states are guided by the principle of anarchy and are restricted by the structure of the system since it is the one that determines how states behave. The power of states such as Russia and China is increasing which threatens to move the balance of power from unipolar to multipolar which will be dangerous because the rise in numbers of great powers is likely to cause problems in the future since each state seeks its own interest (Coetzee 2013: 310). [ 263 Words] QUESTION 2 There are two dominant sub themes in the article. The first one is liberal optimism and the second one is the future of world politics. Liberal optimism comes from the “democratic-peace theory” and argues that if all the states in the world...
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...The country Cambodia has in the last recent years prospered as an international tourist destination and the tourism industry has become more recognised as a major source of income. The international tourist destination has therefore come to occupy an important role for the country’s economic development. Concerning the fact that Cambodia is a Third World country the local community can be extremely vulnerable in relation to the consequences that international tourism can create. The project ChildSafe was formed by the organization Friends International as a consequence of the poor situation for street children. This project works to protect children from all sorts of abuse. This project has also developed information for the international tourist to take part of while visiting the country. This information provides guidelines concerning how to act as a responsible tourist. The aim of this study is consequently to investigate how international tourism can influence the social community in Cambodia. To limit the research the study will focus on the organization ChildSafe and their work to promote a sustainable social development. It will also focus on the Ministry of Tourism and their work and attitude towards the same issue. The result of the study shows that international tourism affects the social community in many ways, both positive and negative. International tourism can contribute to the community and create a sustainable social development if there is support...
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...would mean a future career in International Relations and Foreign Affairs for me. As of right now, I am majoring in International Relations and studying a minor in Asian Studies and. If I do get a scholarship, I will use it to continue my education, and I will use the knowledge from my major for my career. My acceptance at Cleveland State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, has given the opportunity to forge ahead with my plans. Throughout my elementary and high school education, I have applied and honed various study strategies and work ethics characteristics. Determined to work hard to succeed has been at the basis of my focus. During my schooling, I was committed to obtaining good grades, to expanding my knowledge, and to learning how to be proficient and efficient. As a plus, I enjoyed and benefited from those who presented the process and the information to me and those who were my classmates and added to my learning journey. I expect myself to continue the learning journey by working hard, being responsible and accountable for my education and accomplishing my goals. At an early age, I have been enthralled with the Asian culture. I have an undying interest, love, and respect for learning different cultures. As I was deciding upon a major for college, I tried to choose a major that seemed “practical”, tried to heed the advice of others and please them, but I was only content when I announced that my new major was International Relation with a minor...
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...Foreign Policy Module Summative Assessment Question 1: Foreign policy must be formulated in accordance with the national interest’. Evaluate this claim which is attributable to realist thinking on foreign policy. * * According to realist thinking on foreign policy, international relations and politics are formulated in accordance with national interest. This presupposes that the key actors in International Relations are sovereign states that behave similarly regardless of their type of government. As well, a state of anarchy is at the fundamental core of this argument and national interests of egoistic states as the main outward presence in international realm. Classic Realism, originally emerged from the European concert of aristocratic diplomacy. By evaluating this claim, this essay will reassert the position and importance of Offensive and Defensive Realism in our contemporary post 9/11 world. These are respectively neoclassical realism and neorealism. Firstly, a detailed account of realism will be produced highlighting the emergence of national interest as the fundamental feature or goal of sovereign states. This is done either through the maintenance of a status quo or aspiration of accumulating influence. It will be concluded that Defensive Realism or neorealism is the principal theoretical sub-school in according this claim any legitimacy. Secondly, a general evaluation of neorealism in post 9/11 world will be provided; and a comparison, and ultimately an...
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...DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE FOURAH BAY COLLEGE UNIVERSITY OF SIERRA LEONE Module: Introduction to International Relations (Pols 411) First Semester, 2008 Instructor (Lecturer): Ms. Lena Thompson Name: Josephus J. Ellie Final Year, History and Politics Essay Topic: “Critically Evaluate Post War Realist Explanation of International Politics with Particular Reference to Power” Introduction The tradition of political realism – realpolitik, power politics – has a long history that is typically traced back to the great Greek historian Thucydides in the fifth century BC. Although dominant attitudes towards realism have varied, realist arguments and orientations have been central to the Western theory and practice of international relations. “In particular, “modern” international society, whether dated from the era of Machiavelli at the turn of the sixteenth century or that of Hobbes in the mid-seventeenth century, has been closely linked to realist balance of power politics. The link between realism and international theory is especially strong in the twentieth century. International relations first emerged as an academic discipline before and immediately after World War I, largely in reaction against realist balance of power politics. The discipline was then reshaped immediately before and after World War II by self-identified realists such as E. H. Carr and Hans Morgenthau. Prominent scholar-practitioners, such as George Kennan and Henry Kissinger, have called themselves...
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...transnational terrorism initiated after the terrorist attacks in the United States in September 2001. This enhanced Pakistan's strategic relevance for the major powers, especially the United States, which cultivated Pakistan for combating terrorism and ensuring peace and stability in the post-Taliban Afghanistan. Its strategic relevance has varied over time which had implications for Pakistan's role at the international level and the foreign policy options available to its policy makers. This briefing paper examines the changing patterns of Pakistan's foreign policy and how its position and role in international and regional politics has varied over time. Pakistan recognizes that it is neither possible nor advisable to stay in isolation in the present day interdependent and complex international system. It needs to interact with other states, international and regional organizations and supranational actors in order to protect and promote its national interests and sovereign identity. Its activism reflects a realization that such a policy facilities the mobilization of International support and resources for its domestic socio-economic development, helps to regulate the inputs from the external environment into the internal context, and contributes to strengthening security and territorial integrity which are the principal concerns of Pakistan's foreign policy. The major focus of Pakistan's foreign policy is security against external and internal challenges to its national identity...
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...The future and significance of CRM for low cost operators of South Asia: The increasingly competitive nature of the aviation industry from a global perspective in todays context has brought about the need to sustain profitability of ones venture in an environment that deems both competitive and economically demanding. Besides the emphasis on cost leadership and operational strategies, the requirements of managing customer relations addresses upon a new agenda of business strategy formation around this essential core element; customer value. With reference to successful “tried and tested” methods by major industry leaders in the globe today, the paper seeks to address the value of customer relations management as a major competitive strategy for low cost carriers such as Indigo Airlines within the southern regions of Asia. RESEARCH PROPOSAL Executive Summary The emergence of low cost carriers within the southern regions of Asia have brought about major success and reshaped the aviation industry within these regions. Though recent success have come about with the exploration of mass segments and low cost structures, this innovative business model is bound to mature with the external markets and consumers. With focus on India and Indigo Airlines, the issue of differentiation in a relatively highly matured market with relatively lower international barriers to entry have brought about the need to explore alternatives which create customer value. Customer relations management...
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