...continuous battle with “that black group down the street.” We than become more diverse with one another and split ourselves apart, grouping together by our fellow races. In addition we create cities that are divided by race, and prefer to stay in our own city with the same people of our race. As a big picture our country becomes divided leading to one race that is on one side and another on the other side. * * It is in some way difficult to say how they interact with each other especially if race is involved like it is. I think these interactions will depend on the person who will handle it such as that person may be a positive type wherein he is not thinking whatever race people have nor is he being the negative type of person to individuals who are not of the same race. * * * There are some that will argue that there are. For example, the fact that different minority are over-represented in a prison of those that are white minority. This is argued because the white race is protected, and they can also afford better attorneys, and are favored by the judges, however that of minorities are targeted and seen in gang membership arrests, and drug busts more often than whites. It is also argued that those of different minorities commit more crimes and have much higher levels of gang membership and deal more drugs than those of white minority. * * * * In today’s society I believe that ignorance and the misunderstanding of cultures...
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...Gang Membership Esmeralda Sinanovic Thomas Edison State College February 09, 2014 Gang Membership “According to the 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment report, gangs are responsible for an average of 48 percent of violent crime in most jurisdictions, and up to 90 percent in others” (Gangs, n.d.). Such high numbers in crime involvement raise a concern. What are some characteristics of gangs? Gang members mostly are males with females being 20%-40% of gang members. According to NYGC 2012 survey most gang members are above age 18 with some as young as 11 years old with gang membership peak of 14 and 15 years old (Egley, Maxon, Miller, & Klein, 2014). When compared across area survey 1996-2011 surveys show that larger cities and suburbs where gangs have been for a long time, have more adult gang members than juvenile. Across all area types, the majority of law enforcement agencies report that African-American/black and/or Hispanic/Latino individuals predominate all gangs. (National Youth Gang Survey Analysis, n.d.). In early 1900s gangs were described based on their nationality while after 1950s gangs were identifies by race and ethnicity (Egley, Maxon, Miller, & Klein, 2014).Criminal behavior is the main characteristic of all gangs across all areas. The majority of crimes that gangs are involved are drug sales, aggravating assaults, robbery, firearm sales, breaking and entering, auto theft, and larceny. Researchers have brought forth theories on why youth joins...
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...general society than the normal members of criminal society. This is not always true, of course, but in some cases does apply. It is not unusual, therefore, for individuals in such a situation to band together for safety and survival. However, some groups form more cohesive, complex organizations with their own set of rules that result in activities which move far beyond the simple need to survive in a hostile environment. These gangs often take advantage of their strength within the prison walls to create profit-making enterprises and to disrupt normal prison operations (Camp and Camp, 1985). Prison gangs present a threat not only inside the penitentiary but outside as well, because of their well-established connections with drug trafficking organizations and street gangs. What happens within the razor wire has an impact on society in general not only because most prisoners will eventually be released, but because resources that might have been spent on rehabilitation are spent on combating gang activities (Fleisher and Decker, 2001). Prison gangs...
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...Prison Gangs Through the Lens of Tuckman’s Theory of Group Formation Money, narcotics, and protection, what more could a prisoner ask for? If that question is ever solved then the answer to the prison gang epidemic may be found. Prison gangs, by nature, are a group just like any other, and thus go through the same group formation process as any other group. A key part of this process is adjourning, the stage where group members are satisfied with the group and leave. However, the adjourning stage hasn’t occurred as much in prison gangs as people would like. By showing that prison gangs go through the rest of the stages of group formation, it will be shown that they could go through the final stage of adjourning. Tuckman’s Group Formation Theory Bruce Tuckman first created his group formation theory in 1965 after studying 50 articles on the topic of group formation. He extrapolated from those 50 articles a general concept for group formation. This concept of group formation recognizes that every group has a task that it must complete, and interpersonal relationships between the group members (Tuckman 1965). This concept originally stated that the group goes through four different stages of dealing with the task and interpersonal relationships: forming, storming, norming, and performing (Tuckman 1965). A fifth category, adjourning, was added in 1977 (Tuckman and Jensen). Forming is the stage in which group members test the boundaries of both the interpersonal relationships...
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...Associate Program Material Racial Diversity in Society Worksheet Part I Complete the following using the MySocLab Social Explorer Map: Income Inequality by Race (located on the student website) as a reference: • Select 1 racial group from the list below: o African American o Asian American o Arab American o Hispanic American/Latino o White/Caucasian • Write a 150- to 300-word summary of the economic, social, and political standings of that group. Use additional resources if necessary, from the University Library or your textbooks. Provide citations for all the sources you use. I chose to review the Hispanic/latino race for further research on diversity. Hispanics and latinos face some of the same types of discrimination that other non-white races face. Each race has faced downfalls and gained many accomplishments. Hispanics and latino are no different in their journey. On the economic side of the race, Hispanics have higher rates of poverty and lower income than other races. There is only 7% of managerial positions in the nation that belong to Hispanics and latinos. Hispanics have been the backbone of our farm workers. They make up three quarters of all farm workers. A previous farm worker, Cesar Chavez, fought for the rights of farm workers. He did not gain the ground that he set out too, but he did make some improvement. Mr. Chavez was able to improve the working conditions and made the government more aware...
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...that have a common name or common identifying sign or symbol, form an allegiance for a common purpose and engage in unlawful or criminal activity (Hess 2010). In the United States there are large number of Filipino gang membership around the Southern California region (SoCal) and generally the entire West Coast region. Due to their Hispanic culture they are more assimilated with other Latino gangs. There are thousands of Filipino gang members which mostly center around the California region, Chicago, New York, and Miami. They represent a diverse array of backgrounds and affiliations with some being with the Bloods, Crips, Sureños, Norteños, Peoples, and Folks. A number of gangs in the Philippines are known to be active around the nation, the majority being centered in Manila with locations in and around the general Metro Manila region. One of the most infamous areas in the City is Tondo, Manila. Tondo is known to be the "Hub" of Gangs in the region, with the majority of street gangs being located in this district. Apart from a very large number of local street gangs, there are a number of organized gangs among the Philippines (Yahoo Phil.). In general, there are gangs located in the Philippines that deal in organized crime and follow a general hierarchy. These gangs can be linked to certain families or...
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix F Part I Define the following terms: Term Definition White privilege Is a way of conceptualizing racial inequalities that focuses as much on the advantages that white people accrue from society as on the disadvantages that people of color experience. Racial profiling Refers to the use of an individual’s race or ethnicity by law enforcement personnel as a key factor in deciding whether to engage in enforcement. Racism Is generally defined as actions, practices, or beliefs that reflect the racial worldview: the ideology that humans are divided into separate and exclusive biological entities. Reverse discrimination The unfair treatment of members of majority groups resulting from preferential policies, as in college admissions or employment, intended to remedy earlier discrimination against minorities. Part II Complete the following using the MySocLab Social Explorer Map: Income Inequality by Race located on your student website: • Select 1 racial group from the list below: o African American o Asian American o Arab American o Hispanic American/Latino o White/Caucasian • Write a 250- to 350-word summary of the economic, social, and political standings of that group. Use additional resources if necessary, from the University Library or your textbooks. In the last century and a half, Asian immigrants and Asian Americans who have fought for various rights in the United States have sometimes succeeded and...
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...identification of the proportion of youth in the community who claim gang membership or who are at high risk for gang membership. School-level data and information from school staff are vital to rounding out the picture of gang activity in the community. This chapter provides guidance on collecting data on the following: Student characteristics and disciplinary actions School-aged youths’ perceptions of gangs and gang activity (student survey) School staff perspectives on gang activity on campus Prevalence of Gangs in Schools In the mid-1990s, 28 percent of the national sample of students reported that gangs were present in their schools (Chandler, Chapman, Rand, and Taylor, 1998). This number dropped to 17 percent in 1999 and then increased to 24 percent in 2005, almost the level reported a decade earlier (Dinkes, Cataldi, Kena et al., 2006). Thus respondents to the national survey of students reported a decrease in gang activity in the late 1990s and an increase in the opening years of this century. Impact of Gangs in Schools Where they have a substantial community presence, youth gangs are linked with serious delinquency problems in elementary and secondary schools across the United States (Chandler, Chapman, Rand, and Taylor, 1998). This study of data gathered in the School Crime Supplement to the 1995 National Crime Victim Survey documented several examples. First, there is a strong correlation between gang presence in schools and between both guns and availability of drugs...
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...Costanza and Ronald Helms. "Street Gangs and Aggregate Homicides: An Analysis of Effects During the 1990s Violent Crime Peak" Homicide Studies 16(3): 280-307. June 11, 2012. Online. June 12, 2013. City-level violence escalated and peaked during the 1990’s, which possibly caused a similarly high homicide rate. Many studies have linked gang activity with higher rates of violent crimes. This study uses empirical research to link gang violence with homicide rates. A majority of studies only looked at the micro level of gang attribute violence and homicide correlation. Costanza focused on the macro level using 154 U.S. cities to determine if active gangs directly correlated with homicide rates. Criminologist in the 1990’s paid special attention to the structural factors contributing to the all-time peak of violence in the young men demographic. Researchers have remained focused on the patterns of homicide within the context of the violence peak in the 90’s. Costanza chose to “focus explicitly on the plausible empirical link between street gangs and homicide offending in central cities throughout the Unites States”. The factors that lead to an increase in homicide include the drug market, guns, and gang presence. Recent studies have shown that it is a combination of factors, as opposed to just financial opportunity, that lead to gang membership. The reason for the lack of macro level studies of gang violence has been due to the lack of gang related studies. Maxson in 1992, published...
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...Juvenile Offenders Paper Race, Ethnicity, Social Structure, and Crime/CJS/221(BSGZ1HW7T1) August 31, 2015 Race v. Crime Early in this nation, crime was mostly blame on the poor, especially the ones that were new comers to America. It may appear dangerous because of the fact that many of these individuals came from different cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds. In the late nineteenth century, each wave of immigration that brought newcomers were threatening a new crime wave. From the beginning, juvenile justice engage in class favoritism that resulted to poor children being process through the system while middle class children were excused. Poverty with dangerousness has continued until the present day. It is especially expressed with the fear of gang behavior and violence from African American and Hispanic poor children. A number of black males are committed to civility and law abiding behavior. Often they have a hard time convincing others of this, because of their skin color, age, gender, appearance and general style of self-presentation. However, young women of color, and the minority girls often grow up in the very different from those of the white females. Because of poverty and racism, which go hand in hand, these girls are force to participate in violence, drug abuse and physical abuse. They are also to be likely attracted to gang membership as well. Overall, female arrest rates tend to increase slightly compared to males. Juvenile Crime Percentage Rates ...
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...spike is a rise of gangs and gang culture. St. Louis is home to one of America's most active and aggressive gang cultures, helping make it one of the most violent U.S. cities. In parts of North St. Louis and North St. Louis County gangs wage turf wars that, in some cases, run block to block. The impact this has on people living in these neighborhoods is overwhelming. Webster’s dictionary defines violence as exertion of physical force so as to injure or abuse. It is also defined as intense, turbulent, or furious and often destructive action or force. Within the Saint Louis community, our #1 problem in my personal opinion would be violence. Nowadays it is not only violence, but gang-violence and its impact on our future generations. Our future lies in the hands of those who feel that they cannot express themselves without showing some sort of aggression or agitation. This problem must be tackled within the matter of urgency and commitment towards those who have no knowledge or respect for what they take part in. Gangs are defined as group of people who, through the organization, formation, and establishment of an assemblage, share a common identity. Over the years in urban area of Saint Louis, gangs have lost their true identity. It was formulated for protection of the community, in a sense of uplifting one and another. Towards the mid 80’s it has transformed into a battle of the finest and is done on a “just because” status. Youth gangs are variously defined...
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...narcotics offenses, and simple assaults will be identified, dissected, and examined. The implications for juvenile female and minorities will also be thoroughly examined along with an assessment highlighting the tracking of juvenile arrests as a method of measuring the amount of, and trends within juvenile offenses. Overall Decrease: Juvenile Arrests The overall decrease in juvenile detainment for violent juvenile offenses within 2008 decreased in comparison to the statistical information projecting violent juvenile actions within the 1990s. Juvenile delinquency supporting violent offenses extensively increased throughout the 1990s within Northern America most likely as a result of the increase in gang membership, extensive narcotics trade, and the introduction of crack cocaine within the late 1980s. In 2008 “Juveniles accounted for 16% of all violent crime arrests and 26% of all property crime arrests” (Puzzanchera, 2009, p. 1). “In 2008, law enforcement agencies in the United States made an estimated 2.11 million arrests of persons younger than age 18.* Overall, there were 3% fewer juvenile...
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...America. The overall decrease in juvenile arrests, increase in juvenile narcotics offenses, and simple assaults will be identified, divided, and examined. The implications for juvenile female and minorities will also be thoroughly examined along with an assessment highlighting the tracking of juvenile arrests as a method of measuring the amount of, and trends within juvenile offenses. The overall decrease in juvenile detainment for violent juvenile offenses within 2008 decreased in comparison to the statistical information projecting violent juvenile actions within the 1990s. Juvenile delinquency supporting violent offenses extensively increased throughout the 1990s within Northern America most likely as a result of the increase in gang membership, extensive narcotics trade, and the introduction of crack cocaine within the late 1980s. In 2008 “Juveniles accounted for 16% of all violent crime arrests and 26% of all property crime arrests” (Puzzanchera, 2009, p. 1). “In 2008, law enforcement agencies in the United States made an estimated 2.11 million arrests of persons younger than age 18.* Overall, there were 3% fewer juvenile arrests in 2008 than in 2007, and juvenile violent crime arrests fell 2%” (Puzzanchera, 2009, p. 1). A small percentage of juvenile offenses rose within 2008;...
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...Crime and Punishment sect. 00002 | Racial Profiling | Negative effects of race on law enforcement | Presented to Dr. Gina De Iaco | Presented by Lara Ipekian 1228828 | 11/7/2014 | | Abstract Practicing racism is the act of discriminating due to different pigmentation of skin color or culture. Racial profiling is when a person of legal authority uses their racist prejudices on a civilian while making decisions. It is hypothesized that racial minorities of a population are judged prior to knowing details about the case due to the color of their skin. There are numerous researchers who have provided enough information in order to prove that racial profiling is still an issue for either juror, policeman or any other figure of legal status. Studies show that minorities are treated unfairly in court and on the roads since the first gun law. Introduction The following dissertation will be discussing the issue of unequal distribution of law enforcement in correlation to racism. It is an atrocity that a horrible mentality created centuries ago is still being used against ethnicities in the 21st century. All races should be considered as equal to one another, whether white, black, yellow or even purple. We, humans, share the same planet. Under our skin, we share identical functioning. Somewhere between our pigmentation and our culture we have lost our rationality. For some reason, the media exposes more crime from minorities, creating prejudice. It is important...
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