...(2000), since the early 1970s, the inequalities in gender have been a very important focus to sociological research. Generally, researchers have shown that the difference in gender usually influences people’s experience of health and illness. According to Armstrong (1980), women live about average of five years longer than men but women also suffer more illnesses compared to men throughout their lifetime. The reasons for these differences have been narrowed down to two possible explanations. First of all, difference in the biological constitutions of the different sexes which means that the two different genders experiences different type of illnesses and secondly, sometimes there are gender related actions and approaches to the concept of health and illness that differs amongst gender (Annandale, 2003). In this essay, key terms such as gender, health and illness will be discussed using essay. Also, this essay will be examined in three dimensions. Firstly, the gender differences that influence people’s health and experience of illnesses will be discussed. Secondly, using evidences, gender health inequalities will also be outlined. Thirdly, the importance and relevance of a nurse being aware of these gender inequalities and differences will also be examined. The sociological definition of gender is the cultural ideas and the distinct social expectation from male and female. This is different from sex which focuses on differences based on the biological composition of the body for...
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...HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES IN AFRICA OKECHUKWU ONYEIZUGBE DHA8013 Action Research Health Administration 1 Capella University Abstract Objective: To summarize the current literature on racial and gender disparities in critical care and the mechanisms underlying these disparities in the course of acute critical illness. Data Sources: MEDLINE search on the published literature addressing racial, ethnic, or gender disparities in acute critical illness, such as sepsis, acute lung injury, pneumonia, venous thromboembolism, and cardiac arrest. Study Selection: Clinical studies that evaluated general critically ill patient populations in the United States as well as specific critical care conditions were reviewed with a focus on studies evaluating factors and contributors to health disparities. Data Extraction: Study findings are presented according to their association with the prevalence, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes in acute critical illness. Data Synthesis: This review presents potential contributors for racial and gender disparities related to genetic susceptibility, comorbidities, preventive health services, socioeconomic factors, cultural differences, and access to care. The data are organized along the course of acute critical illness. Conclusions: The literature to date shows that disparities in critical care are most likely multifactorial involving individual, community, and hospital-level factors...
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...Health Psychology & the psychology of Gender - Gender makes a difference in the kinds of illness that people experience - Gender makes a difference in the way a disease is diagnosed and treated - Illness is an important part of many women’s experience The health care and health status of women - Biases against women - Women have often been neglected in medicine and in medical research - Gender stereotypes are common in medicine - Medical care provided to women is often irresponsible or inadequate - Physician-patient communication patterns often make women feel relatively powerless Intersectionality and women’s health - Ethnicity - Social Class - Country The Health Care and Health Status of Women - Gender Comparisons in Life Expectancy - Mortality - Gender gap in life expectancy - Why do women live longer? - biological factors - social factors - health care - Gender Comparisons in Overall Health - Morbidity - Longevity - Rape & Abuse - Economic factors - How social class influences US women’s health - Morbidity & Mortality - Quality of Health Care - Health Insurance - Environmental Factors - Poverty - Psychological Factors - Health issues for women in developing countries - Women & girls less likely to receive medical care - Inadequate nutrition and health care (dying during pregnancy of childbirth) - Cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and other specific health problems - Cardiovascular disease ...
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...communicate and collaborate with individuals whose gender and culture are different is a critical skill to possess in today’s professional world. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies for communication and collaborating within a group or team of individuals of different genders and cultures. Learning and using proven communication strategies could mean the difference between “a group of people working together, and a team functioning together effectively” (Wee & Morse, 2007, p. 38). To perform at its best, a team needs to be composed of individuals with different skill sets, including different genders and cultures ("Pulling in the Same Direction," 2008). This diversity of skill sets also allows a better distribution of responsibilities on a team and creates an environment that encourages cooperation. Good communication must be embedded into the organization’s culture and effective communication must be recognized and supported by management (Wright, Sparks, & O'Hair, 2008). Gender and cultural stereotypes can act as barriers when communicating with coworkers, patients, families, caregivers, and managers. The health care given to patients can differ because of poor communication brought about by cultural differences (du Pre, 2005). Health care providers can work to bridge communication gaps by making the most of face-to-face communication and encouraging questions and open dialogue. Acknowledging and reconsidering gender and cultural stereotypes can also improve the communication...
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...Communication Theory Jennifer Moore Health Care Communications Strategies Instructor Sandra Anderson October 17, 2011 Communication Theory Communication is defined as the ability to successfully convey an exchange of information from one person(s) to another, by means of body language, speech, signs, or even symbols (Communication Theory, n.d.) Mastering the art of communication is of upmost importance in everyday life and organizations, especially in the health care field. Without the ability to effectively communicate individuals and organizations run the risk of being insulted or insulting others and becoming fossilized. However the ability to appropriately communicate does not come easy, there are several barriers that can affect and even destroy one's ability to properly and professionally communicate with others, such as gender and gender bias and cultural and diversity influences. Being able to overcome these barriers, especially in a health care setting, allows one to proficiently communicate with patients, co-workers, physicians, etc, which is essential to the quality and success of patient care. Cultural and diversity influences are common communication barriers. As society continues to become a melting pot of different cultures, businesses and organizations must be willing to be open to different cultural influences. When others do not take cultural differences into considerations, it allows for ineffective communication and conflict. Each culture has its...
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...rights in relation to a health and social care environment. In a health and social care environment, carers and employees are expected to put the client at the centre of the health and social care provision meaning although every person is completely different, they are all entitled to equality, diversity and equal rights. The definition of diversity is ‘the state or quality of being different or varied’ (Collins dictionary). Diversity is used to describe the differences of individuals, it means that all individuals are respected and valued excluding their differences. In a health and social care setting, carers must ensure that an individual’s differences do not affect the way they are treated and cared for. There are so many different aspects of diversity that can appear in an individual. For example race, culture, religion, ethnicity, gender, age, disability, sexual orientation, even their hobbies and interest can make a person diverse. In a health and social care setting such as a hospital, every individual is diverse in their own way whether it be the colour of their skin, their age or their gender. The employees must understand than no person should not be treated any differently because of this. For example an elderly man should not be ignored and given less care than a younger male. It is important that everyone is treated equally not in the sense that they get the same care but that they get the appropriate care for them. Most health and social care teams are multi-cultural...
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...Phoenix Instructor:…………. Date:…………. [Page Break]Communication Theory Paper When working in an organization such as that of Hospice, effective communication is one of the key aspects concerning the care of the patients involved. As in any health care setting, an organization designated to hospice care may face challenges when it comes to communication because of gender differences, cultural differences, and in some cases the inability to communicate effectively with the individuals obtaining service. Circumstances such as these may affect how certain tasks are completed within the organization, whether or not an individual wants to continue using hospice services, and how well employees, patients, and family members interact together. Therefore, to understand some of the challenges facing this type of organization in accordance to communication we will discuss how gender and cultural differences influence communication within the organization Legacy Hospice when it comes to coworkers, managers, patients, families, and caregivers, and improvements that can be made if any. Gender Differences Females When working in an organization dedicated to hospice care one is most likely to encounter both male and female employees who are dedicated to the care and health of the patients involved however, they are also going to encounter different approaches when it comes to styles of communicating. In reference to the organization known as Legacy Hospice it is shown that female...
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... Luz Hutchinson University of Phoenix HCS 320 Health Care Communication Strategies Professor Paul Wing March 22, 2011 Having been employed in an establishment such as that of a hospital, effective communication is definitely one of the very important aspects with regard to the care of the patients. As in any health care setting, an organization established to hospital care may stand in front of challenges when it come to communication for the reason that of gender and cultural differences, and in some cases the lack of ability to communicate effectively with the individuals obtaining service. Circumstances such as these may have an effect on how certain tasks are achieved within the organization, whether or not an individual want to continue using hospital services and how to a huge degree employees, patients, and family members interact together. Therefore, to comprehend various challenges facing this type of organization with accordance to communication we will address how gender and cultural differences does impact communication within an organization of a hospital, especially when it involves fellow coworkers, managers, patients, families, and caregivers along with improvements that can be made if any. Having work in an organization dedicated to hospital care one will come across both male and female employees dedicated to the care and health of the patients; however, one is also going to come across different approaches...
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...important when working in a health care organization especially when it concerns the patient’s care. A good example of this organization would be Magnolia Place Health Care. Patient care are faced with many problems because of the lack of communication, difference in culture, the different genders and the lack to communicate properly with the patients that are being serviced. When this problem occurs, it might even affect the way in which many employees are doing their job in their organization. Magnolia Place Health Care deals with many challenges when it comes to communication; and I will be discussing some of them by explaining how their families, caregivers, managers and co-workers influence the different genders and the different cultures. The Different Genders in females: The Magnolia Place healthcare organization hires both female and males, because their main concern is taking care of their patients and while doing so they will face many problems with communication. Some female employees have a better relationship with their patients, families, managers, and other co-workers because of their communication skills in the Magnolia Place healthcare organization. The majority of females sometimes seem to be more nonverbally expressive, they seem to talk more, they also seem to engage in partnership-building behaviors, and they tell their patients and families more of their personal business than men do (Axia2007). A female seems to take care of their patients and families...
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...Effective Communication Paper Xavier Vilar HCS 325/ Health Care Management Ms. Debra Baker October 27, 2011 When examining communication, people have to remember that this is the most important skill that a person has to master in life. Everyone in the world spend most of the entire day trying to communicate verbally, non-verbally, in writing, speaking, and listening to others. Many know some barriers that may interrupt communication like: gender, age, developmental level, culture, diversity influences, disabilities, stress, emotion, knowledge, listening skills, and non-verbal interpretations (Tamparo 2000). All of these barriers can effect how teams and group communication process can impact organizations. By exploring how gender and cultural differences impact communication through co-workers, managers, patients, families, and caregivers can help us understand how important communication is important to an organization and how sharing information; ideas are important. Every organization should always identify any way to make improvements in communication between staff and patient. Team and Group Communication Process In Morton Plant Hospital, they are always striving to be the best communicators in the Bay Care Health System. Employees at Morton Plant know the only way effective communication takes place is when they listen first, knowing to be cultural sensitive, reduce stress and fear, identifying persons with impeding disabilities and...
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...Communication Theory Amanda Moll University of Phoenix HCS/320 2012 The purpose of this paper is to examine two theoretical approaches from communication theory. Communication is the one skill in our lives that we try to master, but always seem to get it wrong. The purpose of communication is to convey one’s beliefs, thoughts or needs with the clarity so as to reach a consensus or a mutually acceptable solution (Lyer, Aparna 2012). Good communication is needed throughout our lives and in everything we do. Many theories have been put forward by theorists to explain what constitutes communication. The social aspect looks at the meanings to the messages by the communicators Communication is thus the process by which information passes from a sender to a recipient. It becomes effective when the message sent is received and understood and this is confirmed when feedback is sent back to the sender. Understanding the communication process is important since it helps identify hindrances and thus seek ways to remove them. A breakdown in the communication process is disastrous. (en.wikipedia.org). Group and team theory of communication have also been studied to determine the best ways to form groups. The choice of communication model is driven by the target recipient. It is important for organizations to understand the dynamics of each form of communication which will enable them to send messages effectively...
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...today’s society race and gender characterizes a human being. Human beings in today’s society look at every aspect to someone who is not of one’s culture. Race and ethnicity have been the center piece for the importance of cultural barriers in communication. The journal of American Medical Association takes in to affect the patient-physician relationship such as race, gender, and partnership. The American Medical Association starts their article by saying, “Many studies have documented race and gender differences in health care received by patients. However, few studies have related differences in the quality of interpersonal care to patient and physician race and gender.” The difference are shown by race in the article at a particular point were The American Medical Association talks about African American patients. The American Medical Association says, “African American patients rated their visits as significantly less participatory than whites in models adjusting for patient age, gender, education, marital status, health status, and length of the patient-physician relationship” participation is a big part of being a patient because if you are not participating how is the physician going to help that patient? The American Medical Association also declares, “Studies have shown that African Americans and other minority patients often receive differential and less optimal technical health care than white Americans” The quality of interpersonal care is important to patients...
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...Differences 1 Reasoning for differences of life expectancy between men and women Latesha Mays Dr. Davis SOCI 402 May 9, 2006 Differences 2 Reasoning for differences of life expectancy between women and men In most countries the life expectancy at birth of women is longer than that if men. Historically it has been assumed that this was generally due to biological reasons. But on the basis of my graveyard data which consisted of 50 cases of people from High Point North Carolina, tables and graphs, the relationship between race, gender, and average age of death are summarized with four empirical generalizations that I got from the data. I will only present three to adequately summarize the data because only three have similar commonalities to express why women live longer than men. The first empirical generalization was on the basis of the gender table. The data showed that males have a 36 percent average age of death and females have a 64 percent average age of death and therefore males have 28 percentage points lower average age of death than females. The second empirical generalization was on the basis of the race and gender graph. In this graph females had a higher median age of death than any other category. The last empirical generalization expresses a graph that shows the data of race and sex. The data showed that white females have a significantly higher median age of death than men and black females...
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...Communication Theory Ryan Schmidt HCS 320 Sue Cox September 19, 2011 Communication is one of the most important aspects of life. We learn to communicate from the day that we are born to the adults that we become. To effectively communicate with each other means to influence another person into listening and understanding the meaning of the message that you are trying to communicate with the other person. Teams and groups need to effectively communicate with each other in order for an organization to run efficiently. What does this mean? Well whether you work in the health care field or in the restaurant business , the lines of communication are equally important. In the following paper I will discuss how team and group communication processes are utilized in my own organization, and how gender and cultural differences will affect communications at my organization among co-workers, managers and patrons. Included in this paper I will identify any improvements that could be made to make the line of communication more effective. I work in the restaurant industry where often times you deal with many different types of people, whether it is the guests that enter the restaurant or the staff that I work with. When dealing with any type of organization communication is key. A restaurant is run on the first impression on which the customers decide whether or not to return to the restaurant. The first line of communication is the way that they are greeted at the door...
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...M2: use the different sociological perspectives to discuss patterns and trends of health in two different social groups. The following assignment will discuss the different sociological explanations in relation to the patterns and trends of health and illness in the different social groups. The association between class and health in the society presents a great dilemma for sociologists. The black report outlined four different explanations to explain this relationship: * The Artefact approach * Natural and Social approach * Cultural Explanation * Structural Explanation. Social class The first explanation, the artefact approach has the vision that both class and health are artefacts of the measurement process. The approach suggests that the inequalities that are present in health are not real inequalities, but instead are part of the measurement process. One must look at the processes that are involved in how these statistics are produced. A number of different factors have been identified as contributing factors to the relationship between class and health; these include the variations in diagnosis, certification, and classification and also the coding processes. The Natural and Social explanation suggests that it is not the low social class which causes inequalities between health and class, but instead it believes that health status influences these social statuses. Natural is meant survival of the fittest, however, not the main feature of evolution...
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