...Research on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean Read the following articles in GGR: pp.151-230 These readings review the status of research in women's and gender studies in countries in Latin America and the Caribbean After I read the articles, I see women from Latin America and the Caribbean are facing similar issue with women from Asia and Africa. Sure that women’s right has come a long way and women role have change from only working in the houses or farms to working outside of the house support their families’ financial, but still they are suffer from gender inequality, poverty, and violence. Women are often treated as subordination to men in many ways like in economic or social life and when they want to work they are disadvantaged by childcare and housework responsibilities. To me, it seems like Latin America and the Caribbean special in Puerto Rico and Cuba have made more progress in women’s right than in Africa or Asia. Violence against women is still a serious problem in Latin America and the Caribbean. High rate of women have been a victim of sexual, physical, or psychological violence by partners just because they are women and seen as the weaker sex, even though there is law to protect women but usually get overlook especially in cases of domestic violence. I am also agree with Marta Nunez Sarmiento that there are more studies on women than men and in gender studies we should look on men perspective too. Cuban women have gained women equal in economic...
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...Fernando Tovar History 280 Dr. Hammond September 21, 2015 The Inflicted Spanish Pressure on the Mestiza/Indigenous Women of Colonial Latin America Colonial times in Latin America were tough for both mestizas/indigenous and Spanish women. Latin America’s status of indigenous women changed in terms of their positions in the hierarchy of society, labor roles, and their marriage responsibilities and their own freedoms. The Spanish women began to impose several changes in order to accustom the indigenous women to their level in order to make the “New Spain” a reality. During early conquest, mestiza women, especially those of noble classes were accustomed to be married off as soon as their fathers had an idea of who they wanted to be allied with and to move up in hierarchy. As Susan Socolow said, “Indeed, chiefs offered their sisters and daughters to Spanish conquistadors, continuing the pre-Columbian pattern of using women to appease the powerful and ally with them.” Reigning Spanish conquistadors or other tribal leaders sought to establish alliances, so women were in other words seen as objects to benefit them. Spanish women at the time of colonization were rare, but for instance, Juan Jaramillo was one of the early conquistadors who married. As said, “Her father, don Leonel de Cervantes was a comendador of the Order of Santiago…” The few rare Spanish women available during the colonization state tended to be noble daughters of comendadors, who were married off quickly...
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...La Malinche played a crucial role in forming what is presently known as Mexico. During the century XVI the indigenous princess was born into an aristocratic family until she was sold “como un esclava a los aztecas.” Quickly the beauty and intelligence of La Malinche set herself apart from the other slaves. Thus when the Spanish conquistador, Hernan Cortes, arrived Malinche was presented as a useful present. Her previous knowledge of the Nahuah and Mayan languages and her rapid proficiency in Spanish made her Cortes’s ideal translator and consultant. La Malinche continuously proved her loyalty throughout the Spanish conquest. Not only did Malinche warn Cortes of possible ambushes (emboscadas) but she also convinced gente to form an alliance against Montezuma, the Aztec emperor. Over time, Malinche formed a relationship with Cortes and eventually gave birth to his son. The son of Malinche and Cortes marks beginning of the mestizo race, which dominates the population of Mexico in this day in age. Malinche “fue testigo del fin de una civilizacion y el augue de otra nueva y se convirtió en la madre simbólica del Nuevo group étnico” que shapes Mexico today. The role of La Malinche in the construction of present day Mexico is both revered and condemned. Historically, the consensus was that the traitorous alliance between Malinche and the Spanish conquerors was unforgivable. Recently, however, many have attempted to rewrite the unjust reputation of la “Eva Mexicana...
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...THE ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENDAINES COMMUNITY COLLEGE DIVISION OF TEACHER EDUCATION PHILOSPHY AND SOCIAL FOUNDATION IN EDUCATION JBTE/EDSF MRS. FRANCES WILLIAMS THE FEMINIZATION OF THE TEACHING PROFESSION JONATHAN ROBERTS 22 NOVEMBER, 2012 CONTENTS Content Page Course Work 3 Discussion 4 Bibliography 11 COURSE WORK Discuss the causes and impact of the following on education in the Caribbean: Either: * The feminization of the teaching profession; Or: * Differences between male and female achievement in the education system. Include discussion on the causes/development and the consequences of the issues and make suggestions on how to solve these problems. Length of essay 2000 words (7 pages, line space of 1.5). References must be included and are not part of the word count. This is an individual effort. Date due: 20 November, 2012. (TOTAL: 25 MARKS) Discussion The feminization of the teaching profession For over a century, women and the ‘feminization’ of the teaching profession have been debated in most developed and newly-developing countries the world over. According to Bank (2007), an occupation that is predominantly made up of women is said to be ‘feminized’. However, when sociologists and educators refer to feminization they are referring to labour market tendencies where the participation of women in various occupations is increasing. (Drudy et al, 2005). The Working Group of the European Trade Union...
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...Professor Legg Malnutrition in Guatemala Guatemala is a Country in Central America right underneath Mexico. Its true name is the Republic of Guatemala. Guatemala consists of many indigenous Mayan people. It has a very heavy Spanish influence. Mayans are called the indigenous people as opposed to the westernized Ladino’s that have European blood in them and usually live in a more urbanized areas. More than half the Guatemalan nation is composed of indigenous Mayan Indians. The national language is Spanish. The five main Mayan languages are Quichí, Mam, Qanjobal, Chol, and Yucateca (Nacie L., 2011). In addition to these five main languages there are 21 dialects that branch off of these There are many factors that contribute to the extremely high rates of malnutrition in the country of Guatemala. Poverty, socioeconomic status, and education level all play a part. The disadvantaged Guatemalan is considered indigenous. Much racism goes on between indigenous and non-indigenous “Ladino’s.” Ladinos mainly rule the country (BBC, 2012). The amount of education is directly correlated with the amount of money made. The per capita GDP of Guatemala is $3,177 ranked 16 out of 19 in all of the Latin American Countries (Edwards, 2002). Guatemala has an approximate population of 14,027, 000. The life expectancy for men is 66 years old and for women 77 years old. Guatemala has the largest economy in Central America but it also has the lowest growth rates of human development (Edwards, 2002)...
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...Saint Leo University: Human resource management (HRM) as related to international business MBA 575: Global Business Management Karen Coradin August 17, 2014 Abstract Saint Leo University, founded in 1899, is a higher education institution located in the state of Florida. The University bases itself on its Benedictine tradition, and prides itself on a set of core values which are included in the institution’s mission statement. Although international business and trade is composed of various, vital elements, human resource management plays a major role in such transaction. Efficient HRM is essential for the success of any business both domestically and internationally. This research paper will address the institution’s human resource management (HRM) practices and policies on how these could be implemented or altered if Saint Leo University were to ever expand its services to Latin America. Furthermore, the paper will thoroughly analyze how Saint Leo University’s core value and mission statement is implemented in both domestic and international HR policies and procedures. Human resource management (HRM) can be defined as a set of strategic policies and procedures implemented by an organization in regards to employee’s management, performance, benefits, and success. By this, organizations and businesses can implement strategic HRM policies and procedures that best fits their needs and wants. In recent years, companies have expanded their services and production to foreign...
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...One other main obstacle of the Mapuche people consisted in the concepts of both gender equality in and out of their culture. And both the Mapuche people and the outside forces of the government had some sort of control of the gender inequality, as well as the classification of rank in their societies. Gender equality was an enormous topic in the twentieth century. The Mapuche also had their own gender jobs and statuses. Illustrated in this citation, is the true respect of identity of the indigenous women. Even though woman had some sort of freedom in achievements, their main job was to reproduce. As stated,“Indigenous woman play an integral part in performing indigenous identity in Argentina... Woman are expected to physically and culturally...
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...Assignment 1 comprises five written response questions. Your response to each of the five questions should be approximately 150 to 250 words. Prepare your responses for all five questions in one document (Microsoft Word or compatible). Each question is worth 15 marks. 1. Are per capita increases in GDP (gross domestic product) a good indicator of economic development? Explain your answer. GDP per capita is often a very lacking indicator of economic development. There are many other factors that affect economic development. The three core values of development are: sustenance, self-esteem, and freedom. While growing GDP and GNI can help attain these, particularly sustenance, it is not enough. Often incomes are not distributed evenly, in both developing and developed nations. Sustenance is basic goods and services, including food, shelter, clothing; the basic needs for survival. GDP can help achieve this but it has less effect on the other two core values. Self-esteem can be described as a feeling of worthiness that a society enjoys when it’s social, political, and economic system and institutions promote human values including respect, dignity, integrity, and self-determination. A large GDP/capita increase was seen in many Middle Eastern countries, yet most of the population was left out of the growth, women are treated as second citizens, and poverty is still wide spread. Freedom is a situation in which a society has a variety of alternatives...
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...Tatiana Magaña Professor Friedman Latin American Politics 7 December 2011 Women’s Struggles in a Socialist Venezuela Venezuela has overcome many obstacles, and triumphs as a country that always been full of oppression on the people. With years of oppression and marginalization, a new president in 1998 came into power, this President is Hugo Chavez. Hugo Chavez was able to win the presidency, perhaps because he has been viewed as a people’s man. Chavez has made it very clear that he is for socialism, and not for a neoliberal Venezuela, “Es el neoliberalismo el camino? Sí, el camino al Infierno. Ese es el camino al Infierno” - Hugo Chávez. Hugo Chavez has set out a plan for his socialist government, this plan has been designed to finally put an end to all the oppression the many lower class marginalized groups have faced over the decades. However, it is very evident that putting this plan into action has proved a lot more difficult than Chavez and his administration thought it would. For this reason, it is clear that for social justice, and the democratization of this country have been widely affected, and not for the good. As Chavez has changed the agenda, but in the view from social justice and democracy, he has lacked to really implement change for the better, and this is why we still see a high number of marginalized groups that are fighting constantly for more rights. Women have continued to fight in the name of social justice and democracy to pave a way for all the women...
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...Key to notes listed a = also approved for Analyzing the Natural World b = also approved for Understanding the Individual and Society c = also approved for Understanding the Past d = also approved for Understanding the Creative Arts e = also approved for Exploring World Cultures f = also approved for Understanding U.S. Society g = Indicated courses specifically designed for those majoring in areas other than science and mathematics h = LAS nonlaboratory courses Anthropology (ANTH) | 102 | Introduction to Archaeology | 4 hourscg | 105 | Human Evolution | 4 hourscg | 218 | Anthropology of Children and Childhood | 3 hoursbh | 238 | Biology of Women Same as GWS 238 | 3 hoursgh | | | | Biological Sciences (BIOS) | 100 | Biology of Cells and Organisms | 5 hours | 101 | Biology of Populations and Communities | 5 hours | 104 | Life Evolving | 5 hoursg | | | | Chemistry (CHEM) | 100 | Chemistry and Life | 5 hoursg | 112 | General College Chemistry I | 5 hours | 114 | General College Chemistry II | 5 hours | 116 | Honors General Chemistry I | 5 hours | 118 | Honors General Chemistry II | 5 hours | 130 | Survey of Organic and Biochemistry | 5 hours | | | | Computer Science (CS) | 100 | Discovering Computer Science | 3 hoursh | | | | Earth and Environmental Sciences (EAES) | 101 | Global Environmental Change | 4 hours | 111 | Earth, Energy, and the Environment | 4 hours | 200 | Field Work in Missouri | 2 hours...
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...Report of Online Discussion WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP ROLES Coordinated by the Division for the Advancement of Women Department of Economic and Social Affairs United Nations Hosted by WomenWatch With support from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 19 November to 15 December 2007 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this report reflect the opinions of participants to the online discussion and not the official views of the United Nations Contents 1. Introduction................................................................................................................................ 3 2. Theme One: Status of women in leadership positions globally ....................................................... 5 2.1. Country experiences ................................................................................................................5 2.2. Ability of women in leadership positions to influence change .....................................................6 2.3. Instruments and methodologies to measure impact ..................................................................8 3. Theme Two: Factors that influence women’s access to decision-making positions —views from public administration, the judiciary and the private sector................................................................. 9 3.1. Representation of women in the public sector.........................................................................10 3.2. Representation...
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...Although Latin America has faced many social, political, and economic issues within the last three centuries, inequality remains one of the most important, historical, and omnipresent aspects of the region’s culture. As Europeans took over Latin America during the time of colonization, they implemented many elitist social structures that have held strong and are evident today (Harris). Income inequality is the most visible and greatest disparity that the region faces; yet inequality between gender, ethnicities, and education remain strong and significant problems with a necessity for improvement. Inequality of wealth and disparity of power and influence are Latin American’s greatest curses and are at the root of many of the developmental, social, criminal, and political problems that continue to plague the region (De Ferranti). Since inequality has pervaded into every feature of Latin American society, it is important to measure inequality accurately in order to obstruct the causes of the discrimination and prevent new ones from beginning. The Gini Coefficient is an effective way that people indicate the inequality of a country by measuring a frequency distribution of income or wealth. Using the "Gini Index" of inequality in the distribution of income and consumption, the researchers found that Latin America and the Caribbean, from the 1970s through the 1990s, measured nearly 10 points more unequal than Asia, 17.5 points more unequal than the 30 countries in the Organization...
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...Integrated Property Management – Final Paper Elizabeth Marko MGMT 630-9040 Turnit.com Originality Score = 20% Introduction to Integrated Property Management (IPM) Integrated Property Management (IPM) provides comprehensive software for governments to manage their land. IPM’s software suite includes GIS, land registry, land records management, property appraisal, and property valuation. IPM targets developing countries with no land system software package or a minimal land system software package. The IMP Board of Directors thinks it is necessary to open offices in the locations where they are targeting the software. The next office location will be in La Paz, Bolivia, South America. Introduction to Bolivia, South America According to InfoPlease, Bolivia, South America was under Spanish rule from the 16th Century until they won their independence on August, 6, 1825. Since then, Bolivia has had more than 190 revolutions and coups. The most recent coup was in 1982. In 2006, President Morales carried out two of his three major initiatives –nationalizing Bolivia’s energy industry and rewriting the constitution. The new constitution was adopted in January 2009, granting indigenous people more rights and allowing the president to run for a second five-year term. Morales’ third initiative is legalizing the growing of coca. Morales’ controversial coca policy, his plans to limit foreign investment, and his close ties with leftist governments of Venezuela and Cuba are a worry to the United...
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...JOSÉ LUIS MACHINEA Executive Secretary ALICIA BÁRCENA Deputy Executive Secretary Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean economic commission for latin america and the caribbean C E P A L Review NUMBER 85 APRIL 2005 SANTIAGO, CHILE OSCAR ALTIMIR Director REYNALDO BAJRAJ Deputy Director The CEPAL Review was founded in 1976 and is published three times a year by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, which has its headquarters in Santiago, Chile. The Review, however, has full editorial independence and follows the usual academic procedures and criteria, including the review of articles by independent external referees. The Review is distributed to universities, research institutes and other international organizations, as well as to individual subscribers, and is also consulted extensively on the Internet. The purpose of the Review is to contribute to the discussion of socio-economic development issues in the region by offering analytical and policy approaches and articles by economists and other social scientists working both within and outside the United Nations. Accordingly, the editorial board of the Review extends its readers an open invitation to submit for publication articles analysing various aspects of economic and social development in Latin America and the Caribbean. The opinions expressed in the signed articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the...
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...October 29, 2014 IS 206GENDER ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT THE IMPACT OF INEQUALITY Box 1: COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON INEQUALITY AND SOCIAL MOBILITY ACROSS OECD AND LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES Presented by Del Mundo, Maria Naida Box 2: SOCIAL AND POLITICAL COHESION, SOCIAL TOLERANCE OF INEQUALITY Presented by Gutierrez, Cherry Lou THE IMPACT OF INEQUALITY ABSTRACT October 29, 2014 There is growing evidence and recognition on the powerful and corrosive effects of inequality on economic growth, poverty, social mobility and political cohesion. This paper finds that the real and potential impacts of inequality in relation to economic growth, poverty, social mobility, social stability and cohesion. KEYWORDS: Inequality, Economic Growth, Poverty, Social Mobility, Political Cohesion, Gender I. INTRODUCTION In relation to the worldwide gender gap, in so far as inequality also exist in political imbalance in the Philippines distinguished through the partisan move of a party, wherein, such intent, policies and term of their advocacy is their ultimate road map and reluctantly to engage in the opponent’s adherence. Colonial mindset, attributable to the Spanish era wherein their colonial stay in the country portrays the strictness and conservative ways in precluding to whom or to which is one’s belief will end up to, and upon the continuance of the American regime, where westernized ways has gotten in the minds of the Filipinos, that every choice of an American decision draws correct conclusion...
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