...Evan Anderson 1/28/2015 Philosophy: What is philosophy? Well, that is an incredible difficult question to answer. Part of the reason is it is so hard to answer is because many famous philosophers, the ones who actually “do” the activity in question, don’t agree on one set definition and even go as far as to disagree with each other when putting fourth their own definitions. So how can we have a set answer to that question? Well this means that we are going to have to have a very broad definition. It has to be very wide because it has to encompass many famous philosophers’ ideas and teachings. To be a philosopher is to create and conceptualize ideas about how to live life the right way. When thinking about a philosopher we all tend to gravitate towards an image of an old Greek man with a large white beard, bald head and in robes. However, while there were a lot of ferry talented philosophers who were old and Greek, anyone can be a philosopher and we should encourage people to try. It would be ignorant for anyone who considers themselves to be a philosopher to not listen to everyone’s ideas. In Phaedo, Plato states that “Ordinary people seem not to realize that those who really apply themselves in the right way to philosophy are directly and of their own accord preparing themselves for dying and death. If this is true, and they have actually been looking forward to death all their lives, it would of course be absurd to be troubled when the thing comes for which they have...
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...Thinking between Deleuze and Kant: a straneg encounter; Eds. Edward Willat Matt Lee continuum 2009 NY 04 For Deleuze it seems that we need a transcendental empiricism so that the forces immanent in sensation produce individuation; we need mechanisms that ensure that individuation is the result of the work of forces. In other words thought is never to lose sight of the individual because the individual is the ever developing outcome of forces rather than being swept away by them. 08 What sensation can do. 08 Deleuze avoids the language of Kantian faculties that has been present in a number of his earlier solo works. Instead they develop a materialism that is characterized as transcendental in terms of Machinic operations rather than the work of faculties. This provides a reading or appropriation of Kant that places the transcendental further from consciousness and closer to matter. All hint of the psychologism that had characterized Kant’s three syntheses is radicaly blown away by the terminology of desiring machines. D&G talk of machines in anti Oedipus as an attempt to focus upon use and function so as to evacuate all reference to meaning and hence to conscious life. Undermine the hold of consciousness upon the conditions of thought. 69 (how do we recognize structuralism?) it moves away from an understanding of structure as being developed through its own relations, things already given or secured. It thus moves away from a concern with “arriving at secure knowledge...
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...Foucault and the New Historicism Author(s): Geoffrey Galt Harpham Source: American Literary History, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Summer, 1991), pp. 360-375 Published by: Oxford University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/490057 . Accessed: 18/10/2011 05:25 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Oxford University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Literary History. http://www.jstor.org the Foucault and New Historicism GeoffreyGait Harpham "People are always shouting they want to create a better future,"Milan Kundera writes in The Book of Laughterand Forgetting."It's not true. The futureis an apatheticvoid of no interestto anyone. The past is full of life, eager to irritateus, provoke and insult us, tempt us to destroy or repaint it. The AfterFoucault: HumanisticKnowledge, only reasonpeople want to be mastersof the futureis to change PostmodernChallenges the past"(22). Not only is the historicalrecordlargelyan archive Edited by Jonathan of domination and rebellion...
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...Postmodernism However in postmodernism, it holds an subjectivist ontology that reality is formed by one’s own experiences, assumptions and beliefs, which challenge the perspective of modernism (Hatch & Cunliffe 2006). Postmodernists view reality as an illusion that is formed based on language which is an instrument used by the elite to control the employee interpretation of a scenario and so lead them to satisfy their interests (Robbins & Barnwell 2002). In addition, through discourse and deconstruction, postmodernists can unveil the multiple interpretations of organizational reality, hidden power relationships, the repressed and marginalized of groups (Cunliffe 2008). It will provide a better understanding on the interpretations of the organizational reality, the influence on one thought and the constraints of the organizations. Postmodernist built their structure of organization on a horizontal level of hierarchy and they perceive power and control are integrated in everyday social relationships and organizational practices (Hatch & Cunliffe, 2006). Postmodernist applies the concept of disciplinary power that was developed by Michael Foucault, a French philosopher. According to Foucault (1980), the concept of disciplinary power causes employees to engage in a self-surveillance behavior due to the anticipation of control and the self-disciplinary behavior which is view by the postmodernist as a discourse of power within the organization. He believes that disciplinary power...
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...® Acodemy of Management Heview 1993, Vol. 18, No. 3. 518-545. FOUCAULT. POWER/KNOWLEDGE. AND ITS RELEVANCE FOR HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BARBARA TOWNLEY The University of Alberta Drawing on the work of Michel Foucault. I argue that human resource management (HRM) may be best understood as a discourse and set of practices that attempt to reduce the indeterminacy involved in the employment contract. Here I reread HRM practices from a Foucauldian power-knowledge perspective and suggest that this provides an avenue to reorient contemporary, historical, and comparative analyses of the area. A glimpse at human resource management (HRM) texts would seem to give light to a comment by Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Mills, and Walton (1984) that HRM is a series of seemingly disjointed activities. This notion echoes an earlier view of Baldamus (1961: 347) that what is encompassed by HRM's subject matter is "anything from supervision, incentives and profit sharing to machine-paced production, methods of training and employee selection." Often this heterogeneity is excused in terms of HRM's reflecting the ad hoc and reactive nature of its origins (Jacoby, 1985; Niven, 1967; Ozanne, 1967). What the heterogeneity of HRM highlights, however, is the importance of an organizing principle, or analytical focus, as opposed to common sense description, which gives HRM practices a theoretical coherence. HRM's heterogeneity stresses the importance of an order "that turns a set of bits, which have limited...
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...Influencing Group Communication Erika Schmidt BCOM/230 January 28, 2013 Dr Ed Influencing Group Communication The five bases of power are coercive power, reward power, legitimate power, expert power, and referent power (Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge, 2009). The three types of formal power are coercive, reward, and legitimate. Coercive power, this source of power is also problematic and can be subject to abuse, cause unhealthy behavior, and dissatisfaction in the workplace. Reward power this source of power often give rewards for doing what they want with a highly probability they will do it. Legitimate power this source of power that provides social hierarchies, cultural norms, and organizational structure like the CEO, a minister, a president, people holding official positions. The two types of Personal power are expert power, and referent power. Expert power happened when demonstrate expertise and people tend to trust and respect what is say. Referent power this source of power is referent to a charisma, charm, admiration, or appeal, and one person respect another, and strongly identifying with that person in some way. (French and Raven's Five Forms of Power, copy) These bases of power affect communication at ADT in different ways. My department FSC (field support services) holds 15 teams and each team has between 14 to 16 team members, some of the supervisors use different bases of power to accomplish the work. The most effective power is the reward power...
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...Five Bases of Power Student Name LET1 (Task 3) WGU August 25, 2013 Course Mentor Name Abstract Power can be defined in many ways from various people. Some people may think power means success, some people may think power means corruption, and unfortunately some people may think power means nothing. Basically power pertains to the possession of influence and authority over others. The five bases of power are coercive, referent, legitimate, expert, and reward power (Abudi, 2011). To understand these five bases of power better in an organization a description with examples for each will be discussed. Five Bases of Power In 1960 John French and Bertram Raven conducted a study in leadership roles on bases of power Coercive, referent, legitimate, expert, and reward power were identified as the five bases of power. Through one or more of these bases, power can be manifested. Most interactions in an organization are established with trust and are constructed through some form of power. Depending on how power is used can result in negative or positive outcomes in an organization. The proper use of power among managers and employees can result in excellent social and interpersonal relationships (Abudi, 2011). In the given scenario, Corporation A is a business that creates marketing programs for the real estate industry. The employees with different job roles that work at Corporation...
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...What is an author? According to Webster’s dictionary, an author is broadly described as "the person who originated or gave existence to anything" and whose authorship determines responsibility for what was created. Narrowly defined, an author is the originator of any written work and can also be described as a writer. Michael Foucault’s intense and powerful essay, “What is an author?, claims that the author is not a person at all, but a “function” or “figure” which occurred in construction with literature , only after the Renaissance. Since it is a historical construct, Foucault argues, the author can also be deconstructed. His essay calls for putting an end to this figure altogether and for establishing a new and different way of dealing with literary texts. At least some of the shocking questionability of this view is only superficial. Foucault does not argue that one day we discovered that literature is composed by individuals. Rather, he claims that only at a specific time did literary writers come to be treated as authors. The difference is essential. All texts have writers, but only some have authors. To treat writers as authors, therefore, is to take a particular attitude toward their texts: it is to ask of them a certain type of question and to expect a certain type of answer. This attitude, Foucault claims, consists in trying to establish what the author of a text meant by it. We study literary texts in order to determine this constant and philosophical intention...
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...The first statement that I like about this chapter and I find to be true regarding many aspects of life is “appearances can be deceiving.” Chapter 13 discusses power and its contrast to leadership. The reading further talks about the five bases of power and the dependence of power in relationships. The chapter also identifies the nine power and influence tactics along with their contingencies and the connection between sexual harassment and the abuse of power. Lastly the section emphasizes on the causes and consequences of political power and whether political action is ethical. The difference between power and leadership is power doesn’t require goal compatibility, merely dependence as where leadership does require some congruence between the goals of the leader and those being led. Despite how some may feel about power or leadership neither are bad. If you represent the bases of power that you will most likely fall into one of these categories: coercive, formal, legitimate, expert, or referent. The most important aspect of power is that it is a function of dependence. Chapter 14 topics are about conflict and the differences between traditional, interactionist, and managed-conflict views. The chapter also discussed the conflict process while defining negotiation and applying the five steps of the negotiation process. Conflict is defined as the process begins when one party perceives another party has or is about to negatively affect something the first party cares about....
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...Social Power and Dimensions of Power An essential part of management is influencing others to do their jobs well and achieve the organization goal. The influence of a manager depends on a variety of factors, and power is one of the factors that managers must know about it. Managers need to know different types of power that influence others to manage an organization. Power is crucial in the development of managers’ self confidence and willingness to support subordinates. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the major types of power that managers need to know, and to define the bases for classifying power in an organization such as that presented by John French and Bertram Raven. The authors have identified five distinct bases of power that will be elaborated on: legitimate, reward, coercive, expert and referent. Social Power The processes of power are pervasive, complex, and disguised in our society. Power can be defined in social science and politics as the ability to influence an individual’s behavior. Power is the ability to exercise influence (French and Raven, 1960). It is a tool that can lead to either positive or negative outcomes in an organization. In social psychology, it is usually defined in relational terms, and is called social power. Social power is defined as a capacity to modify others’ positions by providing resources or managing consequences. Recourse can be both material such as food, money, and economic opportunity and social such as knowledge...
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...Michel Foucault's view on power is an odd one. When most think of power, they usually entertain ideas of strength, wealth, government, dominance over others, as well as a multitude of other things. Foucault, however, does not look at power in a traditional sense. To him, it is not a structure nor an institution. Oddly enough, he also sees power as something that can not be “acquired, seized or shared.” (94) Foucault sees power as an omnipotent source. It exists everywhere and is all encompassing and accessible to all. It is not wielded by a group or any single person. He ties his meaning of power to the discourse of sexuality and how it serves as a medium through which this power is utilized. The piece starts off by delving into the characteristics...
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...Jean Fouquet: Etienne Chevalier Presented by St. Stephen Van Eyck's realism soon enjoyed international renown. In Italy, Bartolomco Fazio extolled the Flemish artist in 1455/56 as the "prince of our century's painters". In France, too, where Burgundian art was already well known, the new style quickly won favour, becoming known as "la nou-velle pratique". Traces of its influence can be felt in the work of Enguerrand Charonton, and in the celebrated Pieta of Villeneuve-les-Avignon, painted c. 1470 by an anonymous master of southern France. The donor, whose face is realistically represented, is shown kneeling in an attitude of prayer at the bottom left of the Pieta. His white robe, as well as the attribute of oriental architecture (the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem) against a gold background, suggest he has travelled as a pilgrim to Jerusalem. The artist has given powerful dramatic expression to the grief of the mourners, and the intention to introduce the donor into their company seems obvious enough. Nevertheless, the gaze and gestures of the donor have not (yet) made any impression on the holy figures themselves, so that he remains outside their gestural narrative. Although part of the painting, the donor thus seems somewhat isolated within it. His gaze is intended to be directed towards the events taking place, but in order meet his patron's demands, the artist has painted him looking less into the centre of the painting than diagonally out of it. Etienne Chevalier's...
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...500 extraordinary islands G R E E N L A N D Beaufort Sea Baffin Bay vi Da i tra sS t a nm De it Stra rk Hudson Bay Gulf of Alaska Vancouver Portland C A N A D A Calgary Winnipeg Newfoundland Quebec Minneapolis UNITED STATES San Francisco Los Angeles San Diego Phoenix Dallas Ottawa Montreal ChicagoDetroitToronto Boston New York OF AMERICA Philadelphia Washington DC St. Louis Atlanta New Orleans Houston Monterrey NORTH AT L A N T I C OCEAN MEXICO Guadalajara Mexico City Gulf of Mexico Miami Havana CUBA GUATEMALA HONDURAS b e a n Sea EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA Managua BAHAMAS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC JAMAICA San Juan HAITI BELIZE C a r PUERTO RICO ib TRINIDAD & Caracas N TOBAGO A COSTA RICA IA M PANAMA VENEZUELA UYANRINA H GU C U G Medellín A PAC I F I C OCEAN Galapagos Islands COLOMBIA ECUADOR Bogotá Cali S FR EN Belém Recife Lima BR A Z I L PERU La Paz Brasélia Salvador Belo Horizonte Rio de Janeiro ~ Sao Paulo BOLIVIA PARAGUAY CHILE Cordoba Santiago Pôrto Alegre URUGUAY Montevideo Buenos Aires ARGENTINA FALKLAND/MALVINAS ISLANDS South Georgia extraordinary islands 1st Edition 500 By Julie Duchaine, Holly Hughes, Alexis Lipsitz Flippin, and Sylvie Murphy Contents Chapter 1 Beachcomber Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Aquatic Playgrounds 2 Island Hopping the Turks & Caicos: Barefoot Luxury 12 Life’s a Beach 14 Unvarnished & Unspoiled 21 Sailing...
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