...CONTENTS INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………..….1 SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………………………….1-3 EGALITARIAN EQUALITY…………………………………………………………..1-2 COMPLIMENTARIAN ROLES…………………………………………………….…2-3 CRITICAL INTERACTION……………………………………………………………………3-6 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………....6-7 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………………....8 Introduction Within Christian controversial topics that divide the Church as a whole Woman in Ministry is one of the most divisive. The two main sides of this debate are; egalitarian’s who believe there are no role differences in gender to authority or teaching in the church biblically. The complementarian view also known as the traditional view holds that men have a position of authority before God in church teaching and authority in the church and home governing. James Beck gathers four New Testament scholars two for each side on the issue and sets out to show case two arguments for each side and room for rebuttal in consideration of the New Testament scripture dealing with woman in ministry. With my own view being that of a soft complementation; women have a role in teaching and authority in the home and church setting but man has positional headship of responsibility, this position will be defended with these arguments in this book and other scholarly sources in this paper. Summary Egalitarian Equality The beginning chapter sees Linda Bellville present a strong egalitarian view with three critiques from the books other contributors...
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...most vigorous heretical movement within the ancient church”(p.1). According to the article, Marcion and Scripture: The Impact of a Second Century Heretic on the New Testament, Marcion’s early life was filled with disgrace. “At some point later, however, he was “excommunicated by his own father” for having seduced a consecrated virgin and “degraded both her and himself.” Most modern historians think that the story of Marcion's seduction of a virgin may be a symbolic tale in which the virgin represents the church and Marcion's seduction represents his introduction of heretical teaching”(p.1-3). After being excommunicated from the Church, he took his odd beliefs to Asia Minor. Adolf von Harnack, the author of Marcion The Gospel of the Alien God, explained the bishop of Smyrna, Polycarp’s views as “Polycarp sharply...
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...ATTRIBUTES OF GOD - SOVEREIGNTY Michele Kennedy Box 563 Theology I February 27, 2013 Outline I. Definition of Sovereignty II. Scriptural Evaluation III. Personal Application Definition of Sovereignty The sovereignty of God is defined by Arthur W. Pink as “meaning that God is the almighty, the possessor of all power in heaven and on earth, and no one can defeat His counsels.[1] “As applied to God, the term ‘sovereignty’ indicates His complete power over all of creation, so that He exercises His will absolutely, without any necessary conditioning by a finite will or wills. The term does not occur in Scripture, although the idea is abundantly implied.”[2] “He does what He wills with His own.”[3] To some the light of the gospel is sent; others are left in darkness.”[4] Scriptural Evaluation God created all and He does as He likes with His creations, “Our God is in the heavens; He hath done whatsoever He pleased” (Ps 115:3).[5] He decides when we will be born, how we will live and when we will die, “Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine” (Ez 18:4). All belongs to Him and man has no right to question His authority, “Is it not lawful for me to do what I will with mine own?” (Matt 20:15). “They rejoice that the Lord God omnipotent reigneth;...
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...Eulogy To God Title: Ode To GOD Author: Lekan Ojenike Publisher: Bestworth Books, Lagos Pages: 141 Year: 2010 Reviewer: Blessed Mudiaga Adjekpagbon Lekan Ojenike has, in his latest work, Ode to GOD, shown great reverence to the highest Being worthy of praise and worship. He is an award winning poet and a senior editorial member of the Christ-Herald Literature Ministry, and author of an earlier poetry collection titled, In Still Moments. Ojenike who has also authored a play, The Foolish Wise, that lampoons mankind for their foolishness and stultifies what many people call wisdom, uses Ode to GOD to give desirable praises to the Creator of the Universe in the 141-page book. The joy of reading the book lies mostly in its simplicity of language and subtle and humorous reference to immediate past and current events in Nigeria, especially the inordinate crave for political power that make African leaders want to hang on to power even when it is obvious that their times are up. The book is a ‘poetic contemplation of different aspects of God’. Though most of the qualities of God Ojenike contemplates on in offering praises and worship to God are well known and prevail from time immemorial, the styles the poet in Ojenike employs in his praise and worship are unique. For example, symbols and imageries are localized to enable readers to identify with the metaphors and other figures of speech employed. Therefore, reading the book, it is very glaring that many characteristics of God have...
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...In Sophocles‘ Oedipus Rex, many mishaps and mistakes troubled the character Oedipus. He was a ruler with a kingdom in distress. As a ruler he promised to his people that he would do whatever he could to help them. However, his name of Oedipus nor the decisions he made ever really helped his people. Oedipus was a man cursed with a fate and remarked that the god Apollo brought his sick fate upon him but the blinding hand was his own. Fate took over Oedipus’ life, but free will led to his destruction. Apollo’s curse and the events of Oedipus’ childhood told his fate. Oedipus’ father, Laios, made the god Apollo very angry and in his anger he placed a curse on him and his family. Oedipus’ life had a path before he was even born. He would kill his father and marry his mother, and Apollo would make sure this happened. When he was born Oedipus made no choices with his free will, but had to suffer from the choices his parents made. As Oedipus grew up and matured he made his own decisions with his own free will, whether they were good or bad. Apollo was always guiding Oedipus to his eventual fate, but Oedipus brought himself down by the choices he made. Misfortune and fate were placed on Oedipus, but his very own mistakes led him to that fate. Oedipus would always try his best to help his people. He was a good king that was always ready to lead his people but at the same time serve them and took decisive actions. The murderer of the former King Laios must be banished from...
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...first offered to a deity, saint, Perfect Master or the Avatar and then distributed in His name. The prasad has the deity's blessing residing within it. In contemporary Hindu religious practice in India, the desire to get prasada and have darshan are the two major motivations of pilgrimage and temple visits. As a mental condition, prasāda has a rich history of meanings in the Sanskrit tradition from Vedic literature onwards. In this textual tradition, prasada is a mental state experienced by gods, sages, and other powerful beings which is marked by spontaneous generosity and the bestowing of boons. Prasāda is understood in this sense of a mental state from the earliest literature (Rig Veda) onwards—not as an aspect of ritual practice. In later texts such as the Shiva Purāna, references to prasada as a material substance begins to appear alongside this older meaning. In its material sense, prasada is created by a process of giving and receiving between a human devotee and the divine god. For example, a devotee makes an offering of a material substance such as flowers, fruits, or sweets—which is called naivedya. The deity then 'enjoys' or tastes a bit of the offering, which is then temporarily known as bhogya. This now-divinely invested substance is called prasāda, and is received by the devotee to be ingested, worn, etc. It may be the same material that was originally offered, or material offered by others and then re-distributed to other devotees. In many temples, several kinds...
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...Obeisances to the Great God Shiva Obeisances to the God who exists for our happiness alone Obeisances to Shiva, who guards the path of dharma Obeisances to the God who wears the crescent moon in his hair Obeisances to the God who is pleasing and auspicious in every way Obeisances to the God of spotless form Obeisances to the Lord with thickly matted hair Obeisances to the God splendid as the red sun at daybreak 2 ! m:hðÃ:ray: n:m:H . ! S:öB:v:ð n:m:H . Om Maheshvaraya Namaha 3 Om Shambhave Namaha 4 ! ep:n:aekn:ð n:m:H . Om Pinakine Namaha 5 ! S:eS:S:ðK:ray: n:m:H . ! v:am:dðv:ay: n:m:H . Om Vamadevaya Namaha Om Shashishekharaya Namaha 6 7 ! ev:−p:ax:ay: n:m:H . ! kp:edün:ð n:m:H . Om Kapardine Namaha Om Virupakshaya Namaha 8 9 ! n:il:l::ðeht:ay: n:m:H . Om Nilalohitaya Namaha 10 ! S:ökray: n:m:H . Om Shankaraya Namaha Obeisances to the source of all prosperity Obeisances to the God who carries a spear Obeisances to the God who carries a knurled club Obeisances to Shiva, who is dear to Lord Vishnu Obeisances to the Lord whose form emits great rays of light Obeisances to Ambika's Lord Obeisances to he whose throat is shining blue Obeisances to the Lord who loves His devotees like new born calves Obeisances to the God who is existence itself Obeisances to Shiva who is all Obeisances to Shiva who is the Lord of all the three worlds Obeisances to the primal soul whose throat is deep blue Obeisances to the god who is dear to...
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...Five Pillars of Islam The central beliefs of Islam are comprised of the principles that Muslims are monotheistic in that they believe there is only one God, Allah. Additionally, Muhammad is the messenger of God. Muslims believe that the God’s oneness is the fundamental belief of all religions and that Muhammad was merely a messenger of this ideal. This is certainly related to the first pillar, both believing and professing the unity of God and His messenger, Muhammad: there is no God but God Himself; Muhammad is the messenger of God. Islam encompasses all religions and honors all prophets as messengers from one God. Shahadah is the first pillar that is the act of believing and saying the words “There is no god worthy of worship except god and Muhammad is his messenger”. This is at the very heart of Islam. Before Muhammad and his message the Islamic people worshiped many gods. They had a different god for everything, and gave sacrifices to these gods to keep them happy. After Muhammad brought his message people were to only believe in one god and that no other god was worthy of ones worship. Accordingly, there are two primary [human] misdeeds; they are shirk and kufr. They are associated with incredulity and a lack of appreciation of God.They also promote remembering God, and as such, they incorporate the second pillar which involves the performance of a continual round of prayers(Salah). Muslims also believe that covetousness is a bad trait, and as such, they incorporate...
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...The New Testament contains no intimation of any worship or festival celebration of Mary. On the one hand, Mary, is rightly called by Elizabeth, under the influence of the Holy Ghost, “the mother of the Lord”762—but nowhere “the mother of God,” which is at least not entirely synonymous—and is saluted by her, as well as by the angel Gabriel, as “blessed among women;”763 nay, she herself prophesies in her inspired song, which has since resounded through all ages of the church, that “henceforth all generations shall call me blessed.”764 Through all the youth of Jesus she appears as a devout virgin, full of childlike innocence, purity, and humility; and the few traces we have of her later life, especially the touching scene at the cross,765 confirm this impression. But, on the other hand, it is equally unquestionable, that she is nowhere in the New Testament excepted from the universal sinfulness and the universal need of redemption, and represented as immaculately holy, or as in any way an object of divine veneration. On the contrary, true to the genuine female character, she modestly stands back throughout the gospel history, and in the Acts and the Epistles she is mentioned barely once, and then simply as the “mother of Jesus;”766 even her birth and her death are unknown. Her glory fades in holy humility before the higher glory of her Son. In truth, there are plain indications that the Lord, with prophetic reference to the future apotheosis of His mother according to the flesh,...
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...In Solomon’s book Spirituality for the Skeptic, the main idea and purpose of the text is: “the elucidation of a “naturalized” spirituality as distinct from normative understandings of “religion,” reconciled with the rationality driving various philosophical schools.” The chapter I chose to reflect upon and it’s relation to the main idea of the book is the chapter “Facing Up to Tragedy.” I chose this chapter because Solomon really shows how people deal with tragedy in a more spiritual individual level rather than the traditional religious level which ties into his overall theme of the book. Solomon describes tragedy as being meaningful because we as humans know that life is not fair and we accept and “adopt the tragic sense of life is nothing less than accepting reality.” (page 5 of 16 in the Chapter. I’m using a PDF ebook) I feel as though it is meaningful because it actually shapes our outlooks on life. A person that experiences more tragedy in their lifetime than someone who has not probably has a more realistic perspective on life and arguably a more pessimistic outlook in some cases. Solomon’s idea that we adopt the tragic sense of life and accepting it as a reality really relates to his overall theme of the book because in the process of life it seems to be a natural spiritual step that most people seem to reach at some point in our lives especially after witnesses multiple tragedies first hand. Solomon references how people deal with tragedy by saying “shit happens...
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...Testament”, by Walton covers many issues which an individual unless wanting to seek more than what is written in the bible would want to perform endless days of research and ability to see firsthand by reading Walton’s book. These areas covered in Walton’s book cover the time from when the Old Testament had begun to be written back in BC and later re-found along with other textual artifacts earth in the 18 and mid 19th century AD. The discoveries of both biblical, and other un-biblical artifacts is covered within Walton’s book to how and why some individuals who have a different form of religious beliefs. To how in the past the individual living during early Near Eastern thought processes had been in regards to God or in many cases when not Israeli or Christian involved gods which were based off an individual’s personal interpretation. Which then in many cases spawned a different form of religion, in many cases were based off an event which. The many different form of religious beliefs covered in stem from the mythological Near Eastern form of thought process. In addition, to the aspect of how such un-Christian aspects from the past being so different from Christian gave further need...
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...The Problem Of Evil Free Will Defense In this essay I am presenting the Theodicy for the Free Will Defense as an answer to the problem of evil. I will attempt to present answers to the following questions: Why did a good God allow for the presence of evil in the world? What is “evil” and how can we recognize it in day to day life? What resources do we have for dealing with evil? Furthermore, how our ability and gift of free will applies in all areas both good and evil. We must understand that “evil” is a word with broad applications. Webster’s Dictionary defines it as: “morally bad or wrong; wicked. Harmful; injurious. Unlucky; disastrous. Wickedness; sin. And anything causing harm, pain, etc.” However, even this is truly difficult to use as a true definition. In the Bible, evil is anything that brings sorrow, distress, or calamity, including moral wrong doing, where human beings choose to do what hurts other human beings, or any part of creation. Generally, evil works against the life-giving God and to put anything in God's place. There was a time, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, when optimism in human achievement was so strong that evil's existence was associated with ignorance, and its disappearance with greater knowledge. If humankind only knew more; soon would come the end of all evil in the world. Since then, two world wars, and countless smaller ones, combined with growing problems of over-population, racism, ecological...
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...Elements of Religious Traditions World Religious Traditions I Elements of Religious Traditions Religion is significant to every person and their communities all over the world. Every person can judge, study, and have their own personal view when it comes to the Bible and their culture. Some support the need to have calmness and harmony when it comes to their religion and have faith in one God. In order for a person to gain information and understanding of religion one must know more about religious beliefs such as prayer, pilgrimage, ceremonies, and praying. It is important to realize the differences between written and oral traditions. Oral traditions and sacred texts are very well known by many religions around the world. Some of the native religions are made from oral traditions instead of through texts. Due to their religion being taught by oral tradition, their culture and religion has been passed down the generations. It can be more difficult for people to be able to keep in touch and examine their religion when the only way it is taught is through oral tradition. It is very important to find the purpose of a written text and pair it to a particular religion. Some religious ideas work by using many methods regardless if those methods seem unrealistic or are a set of principles. There are two ways of how religion can be articulated. The first way is the creation of the planet. For example, in the Shinto religion the creation of the planet is described by a...
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...Issues in Science and Religion April 12, 2012 Science or God? I thought if we question Gods authority in a religious school that we would be shunned, but the first question that was asked in the beginning of class was “Is there a God”? I smiled with relief; because that is the question I have been wondering almost my whole life. Coming from a religious background I was expected to believe that there is a God and we never question if he exists or not because the bible is all the proof we need. Since I was 16 years old I always wondered if there was really a God and if so, where is he when you need Him the most and what is the big deal with this Evolution thing? I always had more reason to believe that Evolution makes more sense and has more concrete evidence than believing in a God you cannot see or do not have much or any other evidence that he really existed other than the Bible. Argument: Is there a God? Personally I think there isn’t, and the Bible makes it sounds like if you do not believe in him you automatically go to hell! However, a good person who does the right thing most of their lives but does not believe that God exists makes them what Christians call: “Devil Worshippers”, and is sentenced to hell forever? That doesn’t sound like a God who cares much about his people on earth, but more about himself, to have a lot of people sent to the burning pits of hell because they do not believe in him although they may do the same thing as what a Christian may do...
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...Colossians 4:2-4,6 (KJV) Continue in prayer, and watch in the same with thanksgiving; [3] Withal praying also for us, that God would open unto us a door of utterance, to speak the mystery of Christ, for which I am also in bonds: [4] That I may make it manifest, as I ought to speak. [6] Let your speech be alway with grace, seasoned with salt, that ye may know how ye ought to answer every man. Colossians 3:1-4,9-10,12-16,20,23-25 (KJV) If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God. [2] Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth. [3] For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God. [4] When Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with him in glory. [9] Lie not one to another, seeing that ye have put off the old man with his deeds; [10] And have put on the new man , which is renewed in knowledge after the image of him that created him: [12] Put on therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, bowels of mercies, kindness, humbleness of mind, meekness, longsuffering; [13] Forbearing one another, and forgiving one another, if any man have a quarrel against any: even as Christ forgave you, so also do ye. [14] And above all these things put on charity, which is the bond of perfectness. [15] And let the peace of God rule in your hearts, to the which also ye are called in one body; and be ye thankful. [16] Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom;...
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