...Why the Golden Age of Islam is Underrated The Golden Age of Islam is when Islam rose above other Empires, It is considered to be one of the most significant historical events. Many of those in power despise Muslims. Humans tend to be submissive and follow their superior’s opinions, thus they grow to have a distaste of Islam as a religion and disregard the significant breakthroughs the Islamic world has made. By many, the Golden Age of Islam is underrated without solid reasoning. Many breakthroughs in Mathematics, Medicine and Geography were made during the Golden Age. The essay will now discuss the most significant building of the Golden Age, The House of Wisdom (bayt al-hikmah). Possibly the most academically rich library in the entire world. It was a structure that was erected at the time of the Golden Age. It was open to all scholars of different religions and/or languages meaning that Islam was open to different religion’s opinions of its own. It was a meeting point where various scholars gathered up their known knowledge and translated it to Arabic. They also built on their known knowledge....
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...Grace Reynolds Hum 2210 Pennington Scholar Group 2 Journal Essay #4 Ignorance Is Bliss The fact that many Americans believe that Muslims and the Arab world are ignorant speaks more to our lack of understanding of other cultures inside and outside of America than it does the merits or accomplishments of those cultures. History has shown that the Islamic culture and Arab world is anything but ignorant. The quest for a new Islamic world began in the early 7th century and was a militarily and societal effort to spread the religion and culture of Islam. Invading Islamic armies found once powerful, but now depleted and war weary empires ripe for the sacking; utilizing both land and sea assaults to conquer port and city targets. Within 100 years of the fall of Mecca, Islam had spread across much of the Middle East, North Africa and Spain, sparking the Golden Age of Islam. Islamic society in newly conquered lands was advanced by creating city centers that helped build a sense of community for its citizens. Mosques were built and used as social, economic, and educational gathering places. Also functioning as governmental and administrative faculties, mosques literally served all aspects of daily life. This virtually insured the religion influenced all who interacted within the mosque community. Later, teaching colleges called Madrasas were attached to the mosques in order to teach the Qur’an as well as other disciplines, including mathematics and the sciences...
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...Luminosity in the Muslim World At its peak, Islam was the intellectual center for science, education, philosophy and medicine not found anywhere else in the world. “The Medieval Islamic world…offered vastly more freedom than any of its predecessors, its contemporaries, and most of its successors,” said Bernard Lewis, a historian of the Middle East. (Akoyl) Islamic scholars and teachers lit the flame that would spread to Europe and ignite the fire which brought forth the Renaissance and Age of Enlightenment. For centuries, Islam was at the forefront of human civilization and achievements. The Golden Age of Islam was extraordinary, ground breaking and original, but like many things throughout time, it came to an end. Contemporary Islam no longer...
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...World As one of the largest and most widespread religious traditions in the world, Islam has been and continues to be an important and influential force on the development of human civilizations and the history of the world. The rapid spread of Islam early in its history united many great cultures and allowed for a tremendous level of intellectual and cultural exchange, which in turned spurred numerous developments by early Muslim scholars that continue to have an impact today. One major reason for the rise of Islam and the development of the Islamic world is its significant contribution to scientific thought and mathematics. This is particularly true during a time known as the Islamic Golden Age, roughly corresponding with the High Middle Ages experienced by Europeans. During this era, Muslim scholars and scientists were responsible for a many great advancements in the scientific and philosophical arts, and many of their incredible achievements and discoveries have had tremendous impact on the world in which we live today. At the time of the Islamic Golden Age, its scholars and scientists were so significant that much of what we understand of modern mathematics is largely lifted wholesale from the works of these early mathematicians. To this day, much of the world uses an...
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...mystery to what exactly happened? What were the conditions in Al-Andalus? Did people of different religious faiths coexisted at that time under Muslims’ rule? What caused the massacre and conversion of Jews and Christians into Islam? What led to the Spanish Inquisition? This paper is focused on the Spanish Inquisition, its causes and its consequences which includes the conquest of Spain by Muslims, the co-existence of Muslims, Christians and Jews, the fall of Al-Andalus leading to the Spanish Inquisition and the expulsion of Muslims from Spain beginning in 1478. This paper will also distinguish between religion and the wrongdoings of men, staining it for their ulterior motives. This paper will include different views of historians and their arguments about all of the incidents stated above. The central argument of this paper is, history of Al-Andalus, through many historians is biased; with little evidence, many of historians blames Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, for the eradication of Muslims from Spain, whereas Muslims (Almohads) did in fact, exterminate Jews in communities and forced Christians to convert to Islam. Muslims entered Spain in 711, overthrowing the Visigoth Rule. After that, they slowly covered most of the part of Spain spreading Islam. As Tina Hesman Saey writes that the Moors...
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...The Islam Religion Rel/134 The Islam Religion “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God” is the basic core belief in the Islamic religion. Islam means “submission (to God)” in Arabic. Islam is a monothetic religion whose followers are known as Muslims. This paper will be clearing common myths in the Islamic religion, explaining the sacred texts, and giving descriptions of common symbolism in Islamic text and religious practices. Also to be found in the paper is the historical foundation of the religion and some of the similarities and differences between Islam and Christianity. Islam traces its roots back to Abraham and his son Ishmael. In 570 AD, a descendant of Abraham named Mohammed was born. He began his life working as a shepherd for his uncle. In 610 AD, the Qur’an begins to be revealed to Mohammed by God. By 650 AD, the complete written text of the Qur’an is established. Only one hundred years after Muhammad’s death, Islam had spread around the Mediterranean. The Golden Age of Islam (750-1258 AD) saw new legal, philosophical, and religious developments. The major Hadith collections were compiled and the four modern Sunni Madh'habs, or schools of law were established. As the Caliphate, or Islamic Empire expanded, the Muslim culture became enriched by the scholars, poets, and scientists that they conquered. For example, many Muslim thinkers pursued humanistic, rational and scientific discourses in seeking knowledge, meaning and values...
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...spread of Islam started shortly after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 632 AD. During his lifetime, the community of Muhammad, the ummah, was established in the Arabian Peninsula by means of conversion to Islam and conquering of territory, and oftentimes the conquered had to either accept Islam or pay tax (jizyah) for protection if they chose to not convert. Among others, the tax permitted the non-Muslim citizens to practice their faith, and ensure protection from outside aggressors. In the first centuries conversion to Islam followed the rapid growth of the Islamic world under the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphs. Muslim dynasties were soon established and subsequent empires such as those of the Abbasids, Fatimids, Almoravids, Seljuk Turks, Mughals in India and Safavids in Persia and Ottomans were among the largest and most powerful in the world. The Islamic world was composed of numerous sophisticated centers of culture and science with far-reaching mercantile networks, travelers, scientists, hunters, mathematicians, doctors and philosophers, all of whom contributed to the Golden Age of Islam. The activities of this quasi-political early ummah resulted in the spread of Islam as far from Mecca as China and Indonesia, the latter containing the world's largest Muslim population. As of October 2009, there were 1.571 billion Muslims,[1] making Islam the second-largest religion in the world.[2] THE EXTRAORDINARY SPREAD OF ISLAM AND ITS MAIN DYNAMICS Islam, in the tenth...
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...because after losing the wars it led to Europe being able to open up and have cultural diffusion and experience the golden ages of surrounding places. This is important because before the Renaissance Europe was cut off from all the other golden ages going around, leading to Europe being very behind in power and wealth. Cultural diffusion aloud for all of the smartest people to come around and join in the school of Athens and communicate about things. This leads to Europe growing and being the strongest it's ever been. Another thing during this time period that developed Europe's culture was the Renaissance. The Renaissance led to cultural developments and improvements because it was during a time period of prosperity for Europe. The reason why it was so prosperous during this time period is because of the after effects of the Crusades. The Renaissance also led to art being used and bought more meaning, that there was something of value in Europe that holds meaning. This means that Europe's culture was shifting...
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...Islam was successful in its influence mainly because it had a strong army and was able to spread its empire throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Spain, Sicily, and eventually India and Southeast Asia. They also benefitted by its use of a common language and fair treatment to the people they conquered. The Arabs were innovative and were the first to use such tactics as horse and camel cavalry. In addition, they converted all captives to the Islamic faith. This meant that all of them had to learn Arabic. This approach assisted Islam to unite different ethnic groups with the empire. This also created effective communication which allowed for the exchange of knowledge and ideas (Watkins, 2000). During the period known as the Golden Age the...
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...Ashley Castle World Religions D040 April 26, 2016 Extra Credit Islam and Sikhism are basically different religions that reflect different beliefs about God. These differences reflect fundamentally different views on the nature of the relationship between God and the individual, as well as differing practices of worship. Both religions have a long tradition and followers all over the world. They share some similarities as well. Islam means “complete surrender to the trusting God” and Sikh, from the Sanskrit or Hindi word “Shishya” means disciple. These two religions have a founder that connected with god and were told to teach others about him and to be their leaders. The founder of Islam is Muhammad, which means the worthy of praise. At the age of forty, Muhammad experienced something strange, while he was meditating in a cave outside of mecca, on Mount Hira when an angle named Gabriel (jibril) appeared to him and delivered a special message from Allah, which means the God. He recited Qur’an to his people of mecca and the people started to believe that Muhammad was a prophet. Fundamental authority is the Qur’an and most emphasis is placed on the basic five pillars and all of Islam is based on the principle of mercy, and those who expect mercy from God must be merciful themselves. Islam preaches the divine presence of God or Allah in daily life. By prying regularly, they believed that Muslims can come to better understand the nature of God and partake in his divinity. The...
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...I think that the United States of America is in its golden age right now. ¬The U.S.A now has better buildings, more knowledge, and new ways to make art then when the country was founded. For example our buildings are sturdier and they have electricity, a/c, and clean running water. Back then we could only make art with paint and charcoal, lead, etc., now we can make art virtually. Intellectual achievements by the USA is the ability to go to school, In some countries certain people are not allowed to go to school but in America it doesn’t matter your gender or color you are able to go to school for free up to 12th grade. One of America’s greatest achievements is the discovery of new medicines and vaccines. We also have new procedures and...
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...Islam is the world's fastest growing faith. It all began in 610 C.E. when the Prophet Muhammad received revelations of the Quran in Mecca. Islam's reputation of promoting a strict and controlling government, female oppression, civil war, and terrorism is not completely correct. Islam is a rich and complex religion that is often misunderstood in the modern world. There have been many obstacles that have been faced. Islam wouldn't exist today with its leaders, the Crusades, and their empires. The most important leader was, of course, Muhammad. He basically set up Islam and preached and converted many to this religion. He insisted that it was wrong to build a private fortune but good to share wealth and create a society where the weak and vulnerable were treated with respect (51). Umar, Muhammad's second successor and father-in-law, was very important to Islam's history. He was originally opposed to Islam but converted right after he heard some verses from the Quran. Islam made its largest and fastest expansion under Umar's reign; the Muslim forces conquered Syria, Jerusalem, Egypt, Libya, Iraq, and armies of Persia. This period is often thought as the Golden Age of Islam. It was when Muslims were at the top of their regions social order and when Islam was the most pure for it had not yet been corrupted by power or privilege. There have been many other leaders that followed, and all of them have contributed to Islamic history. The Crusades were a series of wars that were started...
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...The history of the world is the history of humanity, beginning with the Paleolithic Era. Distinct from the history of Planet Earth (which includes early geologic history and prehuman biological eras), world history comprises the study of archeological and written records, from ancient times on. Ancient recorded history begins with the invention of writing.[1][2] However, the roots of civilization reach back to the period before the invention of writing. Prehistory begins in the Paleolithic Era, or "Early Stone Age," which is followed by the Neolithic Era, or New Stone Age, and the Agricultural Revolution (between 8000 and 5000 BCE) in the Fertile Crescent. The Neolithic Revolution marked a change in human history, as humans began the systematic husbandry of plants and animals.[3][4][5] Agriculture advanced, and most humans transitioned from a nomadic to a settled lifestyle as farmers in permanent settlements. Nomadism continued in some locations, especially in isolated regions with few domesticable plant species;[6] but the relative security and increased productivity provided by farming allowed human communities to expand into increasingly larger units, fostered by advances in transportation. World population[7] from 10,000 BCE to 2,000 CE. The vertical (population) scale is logarithmic. As farming developed, grain agriculture became more sophisticated and prompted a division of labor to store food between growing seasons. Labor divisions then led to the rise of a leisured...
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...produced great confusion in regards to its importance in Islam. The importance of Shari`ah can be seen through the meaning of the concept. The word shari`ah literally means a waterway that leads to a main stream, a drinking place, and a road or the right path. From this meaning, the word shari`ah was used to refer to a path or a passage that leads to an intended place, or to a certain goal. The importance of Shari`ah is evident in the denotations of the literal meaning. Water is life for everything, Shari`ah is life for the Muslims’ souls and a way of life for them. On the other hand, Shari`ah, conceptually, refers to a set of rules, regulations, teachings, and values governing the lives of Muslims. However, these rules and regulations, contrary to how they are often described by many non-Muslims, cover every aspect of life. Shari`ah embraces worship, morals and conduct, as well as it embraces the political, social and economic, as well as other spheres. Muslims believe that the purpose of their creation in nothing but servitude [being servants to the creator of mankind]. They also believe that without the guidance of Allah (God) no one will meet this purpose. Therefore Allah sent messengers and prophets with teachings, values, rules and regulations to guide mankind to His way, the right way. The first step in the fulfillment of the servitude mission is the complete submission to Allah, which is Islam. The second step is following the guidance of Allah, which...
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...Axia College Material Appendix H Monotheistic Religion Elements Matrix | Judaism | Christianity | Islam | Countries of origin | * Judaism started at Mount Sinai in Arabia according to history; however, Israel was to be the homeland of the Jews. | * Originated in eastern Mediterranean throughout the life of Jesus Christ, in addition to it becoming the major religion of the Roman Empire by the end of the 4th century | * Islam derived from Mecca before the prophet Muhammad journeyed to Medina. * Arabia which is recognized as being the country of derivation; even so, In addition, Islam was developed inside of Egypt and Iran. | Historical figures and events | * Abraham, first Patriarch of the Israelites, was ready to sacrifice his son Isaac at God’s demand. * God commanded Abraham to discontinue this sacrifice because he had proven his fear of God, and this took place just before the sacrifice. * King David * Fall of Jerusalem * Holocaust | * Birth of Jesus Christ * Jesus Christ, known to be the son of God and the savior of humanity, was viewed as a political threat to the Roman Empire. * Crucifixion of Jesus | * Muhammad is known as the prophet of God. He becomes The Prophet at age 40. * Abraham, Ismail, and Hagar built the Ka’bah, the holiest of temples, in Mecca. * Muhammad documented the words of Gabriel the angel, and those words became the first words of the Qu’ran. * Muhammad conferred a truce...
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