...What was the short term significance of Granada? The conquest of Granada was the first hostile step to secure the ‘pre-eminent monarchy’ . Although the short term significance of the campaign brought many potential benefits such as economic wealth this is rather an understatement as the sources suggest that much wealth gained was given back as a means of religiously securing Granada in favor of the church. Likewise political and foreign policy can be seen to be exaggerated with unification of the people been limited for self interest seen in the source of the the Marquis de Cadiz, as well as Columbus’s wild achievements been exaggerated for his personal gain to continue his adventures across sea. Although the army seems to have dominated the battlefield this is out of touch with the back up the crown received from other Moors and the sources such as the Muslim contemporary that would want to present the Crown as ruthless barbarians in presenting their efficiency as unmatchable to gain sympathy for Muslims. Despite these short term areas allowing space for questioning in reliability and factual contradictions the religious short term significance seems rather valid given that's the sources suggest a constant religious motive particularly in Ferdinand’s speech where he denies any financial desires but rather to spread Christianity. Moreover this can be represented by the betterment of the relationship of the church and the crown. Therefore religion should be seen as the most...
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...Modern Day Golden Age The Golden Age was in-mistakably one of the major eras that contributed to the foundation of our everyday life. I believe that the modern day society that is experiencing it’s Golden Age is Spain. The Spanish society has had a very large impart on every aspect of this world. Natural and herbal medicinal advances in Spain are becoming widely known. Most of these natural medical practices were created by doctors not wanting to use modern medicine and wanted to find alternative healing method for illnesses. While Spain has many achievements and wonderful music there is also a downside to the place. Spain’s economic freedom is at a score of 68. Spain is ranked 22nd out of 43 countries in the European region. The top corporate...
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...The Golden age is a period in time of Spanish literature ranging from the early 16th century to the late 17th century. This period is known its high point in Spain’s literary history (Britannica). The Renaissance and Baroque encompassed two centuries of Spanish literature and were also very distinct stages in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. Spain showed itself worthy by showcasing great contributors to humanities through the Spanish Golden Age. The Golden Age started with the partial political unification of Spain in the early 1500s (Britannica). Over the time, Spanish writers like Miguel de Cervantes, Diego Velazquez, and Columbus have been a great inspiration to Spain’s golden status. These masters have significantly contributed to...
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...Class ARH - 4662 “Velazquez and the Golden Age” Title: “Bukery Venus” (Venus at Her mirror) Dimensions: 4’0” x 5’ 10” (1.22m x 1.77 mm), Year: 1645-1651, Media: Oil paint The Golden Age in Spain has been characterized as an artistic and literary period that extended from the Renaissance to the Baroque. History has recorded it as the period that reached the greatest literary flourishing in Spain thus earning it the title of "The Golden Age." The invaluable developments that followed this esthetic movement triggered a relevant prestige in many Spanish people's lives that felt absorbed and totally part the new movement that was leading the 16th and the 17th centuries in Europe, by combining cultural and economic advances. On the other hand and from a historic and social point of view, it should be mentioned that this period was also marked by the Counter-Reformation of the Catholic Church, along with many religious movements aimed at reaffirming Christian beliefs. From the point of view of culture, art and literature were leading the years of the Golden Age; as a result, the Hispanic letters, along with other writings published during this period have to endure contributions to the Universal Literature. The blooming of the Golden Age brought the glory to Spain in terms of artistic developments, where beautiful and unique writings, such as prose, poetry, and drama plays were taking the leadership up front. Especially the plays became characterized as a concentric and constant diffusion...
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...Anywhere you went in the Islamic World during the Golden Age of Islam, you would always feel the cosmopolitanism of the people and rulers. The Golden Age of Islam began in 750 as Islam spread throughout the Middle East, Africa and elsewhere. Islam is a monotheistic Abrahamic religion, meaning the religion believed in one God and those who believed in Islam were part of Abraham's family. The religion revolves around the teachings of Muhammad, who was the founder of Islam. The land which the Muslims controlled during the Golden Age of Islam was called the Dar al'Islam, which is Arabic for the "Islamic World". During the Golden Age there was a great increase in economic prosperity and great religious, literary and scientific development in the...
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...Christianity. Around about 1585 the Netherlands revolted from Spain became independent from Philip II of Spain. They did fight, but the Spaniards lost because of the Duchess military advantages and strengths. The Dutchess naval fleet was one of the strongest around. They were also a very intellectual climate of a country, in which attracted scientists. The Netherlands became the financial centre of Europe. The reason for this was because they became very big and the most popular trader and had little interest in seeing trade adopted few mercantilist policies. Dutch architecture was greatly improved in the Golden Age. Cities grew and the economy did as well. New buildings were built. Castles and stately homes were built but most didn't make it. Marine insurance and investment funds were also innovations. The part on the North Sea had very little to work with. They won their independence from Spain in the late 1500s. In the 1600s was the best time for the Netherlands and was then called the Golden Age, in...
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...of Al-Andalus or Muslim Spain. Many historians David Fintz Altabé, Mark R. Cohen, Henry Kamen, Erin Morris, Mary Elizabeth Perry, Rukhsana Qamber, Saey, Tina Hesman Saey, Matthew E. Falagas, Effie A. Zarkadoulia, George Samonis, Hugh Kennedy and Maya Soifer, with their different views have tried to solve the mystery to what exactly happened? What were the conditions in Al-Andalus? Did people of different religious faiths coexisted at that time under Muslims’ rule? What caused the massacre and conversion of Jews and Christians into Islam? What led to the Spanish Inquisition? This paper is focused on the Spanish Inquisition, its causes and its consequences which includes the conquest of Spain by Muslims, the co-existence of Muslims, Christians and Jews, the fall of Al-Andalus leading to the Spanish Inquisition and the expulsion of Muslims from Spain beginning in 1478. This paper will also distinguish between religion and the wrongdoings of men, staining it for their ulterior motives. This paper will include different views of historians and their arguments about all of the incidents stated above. The central argument of this paper is, history of Al-Andalus, through many historians is biased; with little evidence, many of historians blames Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, for the eradication of Muslims from Spain, whereas Muslims (Almohads) did in fact, exterminate Jews in communities and forced Christians to convert to Islam. Muslims entered Spain in 711, overthrowing the...
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...Americans believe that Muslims and the Arab world are ignorant speaks more to our lack of understanding of other cultures inside and outside of America than it does the merits or accomplishments of those cultures. History has shown that the Islamic culture and Arab world is anything but ignorant. The quest for a new Islamic world began in the early 7th century and was a militarily and societal effort to spread the religion and culture of Islam. Invading Islamic armies found once powerful, but now depleted and war weary empires ripe for the sacking; utilizing both land and sea assaults to conquer port and city targets. Within 100 years of the fall of Mecca, Islam had spread across much of the Middle East, North Africa and Spain, sparking the Golden Age of Islam. Islamic society in newly conquered lands was advanced by creating city centers that helped build a sense of community for its citizens. Mosques were built and used as social, economic, and educational gathering places. Also functioning as governmental and administrative faculties, mosques literally served all aspects of daily life. This virtually insured the religion influenced all who interacted within the mosque community. Later, teaching colleges called Madrasas were attached to the mosques in order to teach the Qur’an as well as other disciplines, including mathematics and the sciences. Between the mosque’s central role in community and the acceptance of “any and all comers”, citizens found easy access to...
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...dedicated military tactician and was nicknamed Frederick the great. * Tried to defect to Britain at a young age * Conquered polish territories * German historians made Frederick into a romantic model of a glorified warrior Louis XIV was a good leader, he eliminated the remnants of feudalism and pacified the aristocracy. * Longest ruling monarch of any major country in Europe * Fought in three major wars during his reign * Nicknamed the sun king Phillip II was a good leader, his rule is coined as the golden age of Spain. The expression, "the empire on which the sun never sets," was coined during Philip's reign. * Led the Spanish armada against Britain * Was spoken very highly of by Paolo Fagolo * Faced many constitutional restrictions despite being an “absolute monarch” Catherine the great was a good leader, she is the most renowned female leader in Russian Czar History. * Longest ruling female leader in Russian history * The reign of Catherine is known as the golden age of the Russian Empire * Was a patron of the arts Peter the great was a good leader, he westernized Russia and made countless reforms to Russian culture. * Jointly ruled with his half-brother Ivan V * Studied shipbuilding in the Netherlands * Led Russia to be a major world power Elizabeth I was a good leader, she led the English golden age, and was a strong popular leader. * Excommunicated from the church * She never married * Last of...
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...During the golden age of piracy, the majority of pirates were “mostly young men in their twenties.” that at some point had identified as a seaman- “A sample of seven hundred men indicted for piracy between 1600 and 1640 shows that 73 percent described themselves as mariners or sailors.” However, Cordingly also details those abnormal cases where they did not fall under those categories; for example, he describes Mary Reed and Anne Bonnie, two female pirates who dressed as men and worked aboard the pirate Calico Jack’s ship. Female pirates were not normal, and there are only a handful of other known cases (such as those of Mrs. Cheng, Alwilda, and Grace O’Malley), but they were interesting and well worth noting. He also mentions the blacks on board, though...
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...Juana Ramírez y Asbaje, also called Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz is a remarkable figure ever of and bad habit glorious Spanish-America. Most broadly known as an artist, Sor Juana offers a wide exhibit of abstract works that fill in as an investigate the dynamic universe of seventeenth-century Hispanic writing. Considered the last extraordinary creator of Spain's Golden Age, Sor Juana and her impact added to making a Mexican character in the New World. During the time spent examining and dissecting her abstract works, I owe much to both women's activist grant and post-provincial hypothesis and feedback. Women's activist grant sees the religious recluse as a foremother for female scholars and the principal lady to stand up for the scholarly privileges...
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...A. The exercises below should be answered by referring to the map (“Europe in 1714”) on p. 189 of the text. Using the map on p.189 for reference, locate and identify: Bohemia, Palatinate, East Prussia, Brandenburg, Austrian Netherlands, Utrecht, Hungary. How did the War of the Spanish Succession alter the map of Europe? Who gained the most from the war? Who lost the most? The War of the Spanish Succession altered the map of Europe in the way that prior to the war the Habsburg ruled Spain. The map shows us that in 1714, at the end of the war, the Bourbon family now controlled it because King Charles II willed his kingdom to Louis XIV’s grandson, Philip V of Spain. However, the Bourbon family ruling over Spain did not mean they controlled Flanders and Italy because they had to forfeit these two in the war and . The nation I believed gained the most from this war was England because as it states on page...
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...The Wines of Italy and Spain Anthony M. Phillips American Public University Spain has had a rich history of viticulture for quite some time. Evidence suggests that vines were planted in the country as far back as 65 million to 2.6 million years ago. The real wine history and culture of Spain began when the Romans defeated the Carthaginians in the Punic war. After that the peninsula became part of the Roman Empire and they named it Hispania. Spanish wine flourished under Roman rule, and it is often referred to as a golden age for the delicious spirit. The two major wine producing areas were Tarraconensis close to Barcelona in the north and Baetica in the south (they are now called Tarragona and Andalusia). When the Roman Empire began to decline some barbaric tribes from the north moved into Spain for a period of time after them were the Muslims. It was not until the middle-ages, when monks moved into Spain, that wine production and viticulture picked up steam again. Around 1850 French wine-makers encountered a bug called the “phylloxera”. This bug destroyed most of France’s vineyards. That is when French winemakers decided to move into neighboring Spain where the bug had not attacked. They brought their winemaking techniques and styles with them and taught the Spanairds how to make the best possible wine that they could. Before this the Spanish wines were made to be drunk right away, and they lacked color among other things. It was during this time that the Spanish wine...
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...APEH Spain Essay By: Lynlea Kiser Within a century, Spain had risen to the top and fallen back down. They are many reasons for the rise and fall of Spain. The rise and fall all began with Christopher Columbus’s exploration to the new world in 1492 to discover the new land. Columbus exploration started two centuries of the Spanish exploring the new world and discovering new things. This caused a social rise with money and technology. With the new technology and money they began to focus more on the pride of the country. This first caused the Golden Age of Spanish Art which helped to show the pride of Spain. El Greco and Diego Velasquez helped to contribute to their pride by contributing to the Catholicism of Spain in Spain's monarchy. El Greco's real name was Domenikos Theotocopoulos. He led the people to become great Catholics by distorting the human figure and aiding to their emotional needs. His techniques showed the deep catholic faith. The Works of El Greco's Spoliation showed the pride of Spain's monarchy. Velazquez was the artist accompanying King Philip the IV. He is best known for his portraits of the royal family. Diego was famous for his use of rich color in all of his art work. He also did work for Charles IV's family. His paintings also helped in showing the pride of Spain. When Philip Augustus forced the Jews to convert to Christianity changed the perspective of the Catholics in Spain. Many that did not have the urge to witch beliefs left the country forever...
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...| The Netherlands | | T. Hawkins 4/8/2014 | Geographical Location The Netherlands, is located on the coast of the North Sea, and is only twice the size of the city of New Jersey. Part of the great plain of north and west Europe, the Netherlands has maximum dimensions of 190 by 160 mi, is low, and is flat with the exception of Limburg in the southeast, where some hills rise up to 322 m (1056 ft.). About half the country's area is below sea level, making the Dutch dikes an essential for efficient land use. Recovery of the land from the sea through dikes has continued through recent times. All drainage reaches the North Sea, and the principal rivers which are the Rhine, Maas (Meuse), and Scheldt. The Netherlands, borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south and the North Sea to the west and north. The Netherlands is one of the most densely populated countries in Europe. The official language is Dutch and it resembles German in pronunciation and in spelling. However the borrower heavy from both the French and English language for technical terms. As such, there are approximately 25 dialects of Dutch. Climate The Netherlands have a temperate climate influenced the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The summers are cool with the winters being mild. Rainfall is experienced throughout the year but dryer from April to September. Because The Netherlands is a small flat country it often has windy conditions, more in the winter than in the summer, and more among...
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