...Innovation and Change | The role of governments in promoting innovation | | | | Gitanjali Khadagade- c7094037 | 5/14/2013 | | Table of Contents 1. Abstract ........................................................................................................3 2. Introduction to innovation ....................................................................3 3. Benefits of innovation to businesses ..................................................5 4. Why should government support innovation? ..............................6 5. National Innovation Systems ................................................................8 6.1. Role of the Government ...............................................................9 6.2. Innovation Policies .....................................................................10 6.3. Aim of Innovation Policies .......................................................10 6.4.1. National Innovation System of Europe ..........................10 6.4.2. Government of UL ..................................................................11 6.4.3. Government of India .............................................................11 6.4.4. Government of Finland .........................................................12 6.4.5. Government of China .............................................................13 6. Observations and Conclusions ..........
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...MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY, INNOVATION AND CHANGE – MS(WE) 114 MBA 2nd Semester (2014-15) TERM PAPER On Promotion of Technology & Innovation by Indian Govt. Submitted By: Name- Shivam Sharma (Enrolment No 05316603914) Submitted To: Prof. Anil K Saini USMS GGS IP University, New Delhi INDEX S.no | Topic | Page no. | Signature | 1 | Introduction | 3 | | 2 | Objective | 4 | | 3 | Findings | 5 | | 4 | Conclusion | 12 | | 5 | References | 13 | | Introduction In spite of having a large publicly funded science and technology infrastructure and a sizeable education base, India has not been able to realize its innovative potential due to a fragmented innovation ecosystem. The government of India has taken many initiatives towards strengthening the innovation ecosystem, the most important of which are: i) the establishment of the National Innovation Council, whose mandate is to coordinate various innovation-related activities, and ii) the new Science, Technology and Innovation Policy 2013, which is intended to promote entrepreneurship and science-led solutions for sustainable and inclusive growth. This article describes the current innovation ecosystem and the challenges it faces, and it discusses the efforts made by the government towards the promotion of innovation. With the implementation of this new policy the early indications are that India is poised to take a big leap towards innovation-led growth. In March...
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...1.0 Introduction According to Leslie and Philip (2012), innovation is the commercial exploitation of new knowledge, in other words, developing new ideas into products and production processes and selling them on to customers. Innovation is also the process of translating an idea or invention into a good or service that creates value or for which customers will pay. The term innovation can be defined as something that are original and, as consequence, new that ‘breaks into’ the market. Innovation is needed for businesses to produce new products. Multinational Companies (MNC) can be defined as corporations which have their home in one country but operate and live under the laws and customs of other countries as well according to Ruth and Michael (2000). Generally, any company or group that derives a quarter of its revenue from operations outside of its home country is considered multinational companies. It can also be referred to as an international corporation. One of the examples of MNC is Starbucks. Starbucks Corporation is an American global coffee company and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world, with 20891 stores in 64 countries (Wikipedia, 2013). According to Leslie and Philip (2012), the global business environment can be defined as the environment in different sovereign countries, with factors exogenous to the home environment of the organization, influencing decision making on resource...
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...to nature, not in terms of transforming nature for human benefit. Thinking in terms of conformity constrains individual freedom as far as innovation, which is the opposite of what TP is trying to accomplish. Inner-directed individuals are required for TP in order to produce innovative ideas that are both scientific and technical, in order to understand and control natural processes. Such individuals are considered to be autonomous thinkers. Free market economy is essential to the idea of TP. Free market society is a system in which goods and services are exchanged, and privately owned. The reason this is essential is because free market society creates and involves competition. Having a free market society, that is competitive, leads to innovation. Competition is in my mind, the basis for innovation. People would not be driven to innovate or think in such creative ways if they were not being challenged, or competing against others is such an economy. Innovation (which is derived from free market economy and its competition) is very important in terms of TP. In the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued that a free market economy encouraged innovation. He believed that innovation was derived from the specialization of labor. The free market economy leads to division of labor which therefore leads to specialization. Innovation derived from specialization includes such ideas as labor saving devices (such as the cotton gin), which then also leads to an increase in productivity...
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...Success Comes from Corporation’s Innovation Student Name: Course Name: Instructor’s Name: Due Date: Success Comes from Corporation’s Innovation Abstract Innovation drives companies to progress. Also innovation helps countries develop. Therefore, companies and governments are much concerned about innovations. Various strategies are exerted on enhancing companies’ innovations. The success of companies and even the success of governments depend on innovations. This essay discusses the importance of innovations in companies and counties as well as the application of innovation and innovation strategies. Success Comes from Corporation’s Innovation Why are companies so concerned with innovation? Historically, human beings evolve from ancient to modern society mainly due to their creative ideas. Whenever several pioneers experiment with one idea, there will be a brand new era coming into beings. For instance, the revolutionary invention of wheels completely altered the life of people in late Neolithic. It also gave rise to the technological advances. Human beings are progressing significantly into the modernization. Thus, each great innovation has brought a drastic change to humans. In modern society, corporations, especially technology corporations, are much concerned to the innovation, for the reason of the amazing benefits innovations bring to corporations and society as well. How do countries and corporations foster innovation? There are consistently questions...
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...Medicinal innovation is a legitimate subset of wellbeing innovation, it incorporates an extensive variety of social insurance items and is utilized to diagnose, screen or to treat infections effecting people, such advances are planned to enhance the nature of human services conveyed through prior analysis, less obtrusive treatment choices and decreases in clinic remains. Late advances in medicinal innovation have likewise centered around expense decrease. Restorative innovation might extensively incorporate therapeutic gadgets, data innovation, bio-innovation and medicinal services administrations. Restorative innovation can be considered as any innovation used to spare lives in people experiencing an extensive variety of conditions. It can...
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...Executive Summary iii 1. Innovation policy trends 1 1.1 Trends and key challenges for innovation policy 1 1.2 Innovation governance 7 1.3 Recent changes in the innovation policy mix 12 1.4 Internationalisation of innovation policies 15 1.5 Evidence on effectiveness of innovation policy 16 2. Innovation policy budgets – an overview 19 2.1 Trends in funding of innovation measures 19 2.2 Departmental and implementing agency budgets for innovation policies 2 1 2.3 Future challenges for funding of innovation policy 22 3. Thematic report: Demand-side innovation policies 23 3.1 Trends in the use of demand-side innovation policies 24 3.2 Governance challenges 30 3.3 Recent demand-side innovation policy measures 3 1 3.3.1 Sectoral specificities 3 1 3.3.2 Good practice case 3 1 Appendix A : Plan to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of RDI expenditure (Summary of provisions) 32 Appendix B : Recommendations of World Bank’s Functional Review for the reform of the Romanian RDI system 34 Appendix C : Research and innovation policy measures for Romania 35 Appendix D : References 37 Mini Country Report/Romania i Preface The European TrendChart on innovation is the longest running policy benchmarking tool at European level. Since its launch in 1999 it has produced annual reports on national innovation policy and governance, created a...
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...Question Innovation is an important component of economic policy. Discuss Answer 1.0 Introduction “Today, more than ever, INNOVATION is central of survival” (Peter Drucker). Innovation has been an important component for economic growth, national economic competitiveness and economic policy for many country. It can occur in any sector of the economy, including government services such as health or education. Supporting nowadays with the rapid growth of technology industries, many policymakers in many nations have increasingly come to see technological innovations as a key driver of economic growth. This is why so many nations have made the promotion of innovation and new technologies a central part of their economic policy. Before discussing further about innovation and see why innovation play an important role for economic policies, it is important first to define innovations and its policies. Some people don’t really know what’s exactly an innovation. They are confused between invention, progress, innovation and updates. So it’s relevant to point out wrong ideas that peoples usually have over it and its creation to be able to erase it. Many people think of innovations as only technological in nature, resulting in shiny new products like Samsung’s Smartphones, Apple’s iPad, Sony’s PlayStation or in enhance machines or devices, such as lasers, autonomous robotics machines etc. Others might be thinking that innovation pertains only to research and development (R&D) activity...
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...Futures and Innovation | April 1 2011 | Shivani Patel, BAMA 3.3 | Gemma McGrath | Table of Contents Introduction3 Technological Issues3 Globalisation4 Current Environmental and Ethical Solution4 Objectives5 Design of Programme5 Innovative Solution6 Demographic6 Innovation Funnel7 Innovation Space7 Disruptive Theory8 Diffusion Theory9 Limitations to Future Success9 Appendices and Figures11 References15 Futures and Innovation Introduction Children are often made to aid their families and friends at all ages, however these small jobs are not harmful to the children and they are not exploited in any way to do this work, for example daily chores. This is ethically and morally wrong, but nevertheless a continuing problem. United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) has found that one in six children is involved harmful and exploitative work; this is defined as child labour. These children are ‘engaged in economic activity or in household chores for more than 28 hours in a week’ (UNICEF. 2011). Child labour is a major global issue, with ‘an estimated 158 million children aged 5-14 engaging in child labour’ (UNICEF. 2011). Organisations employ children to work in unfit environments and hazardous conditions, for example working in mines and many children are employed to work in agriculture where they are surrounded by dangerous chemicals used in pesticides and forced to operate the dangerous agricultural machinery. One of the...
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...case of environment laws, startups under ‘white’ category would be able to self certify compliance. 2. Startup India hub – Will be single-point of contact and hand-holding. 3. Simplifying the startup process – A startup will be to able to set up by just filling up a short form through a mobile app and online portal that will be launched in April. 4. Patent protection – PM Modi said patent protection and IP rights are a major concern for Indian startups. The government will make IPR procedure transparent for stratups. Fast track mechanisms of startup patent applications – in order to allow startups to realise the value of their IPRs at the earliest possible. Patent applications of the startups shall be fast tracked for examination and disposal. 5. Panel of facilitators to provide legal support and assist in filing of patent application– Facilitators shall provide assistance for startups in filing and disposal of patent applications related to patents, trademarks and design under relevant Acts. Government shall bear the entire fees of the facilitators for any number of patents, trademarks or designs that a startup may file. 6. 80% rebate on filing patent applications by startups – To enable startups to reduce costs in their crucial formative years, startups shall be provided an 80% rebate in filing patents vis-a-vis other companies. 7. Relaxed norms of public procurement for startups – to provide an equal platform to startups vis-a-vis the experienced startups/companies...
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...Technological * Government spending on research and development In the aftermath of the economic crisis that began in 2009, the governments in many countries averted this threat.6 The significant drop of private R&D in these countries was efficiently offset by government R&D investments in 2010 and 2011.7 Still, the stabilization or fall of government R&D budgets in advanced countries, the slowdown in emerging markets, and the decreased appetite of business investment have slowed the advance of innovation combined global private and public R&D expenditure followed a path of constant growth, Gross domestic expenditures on R&D (GERD) in the high-income economies of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) increased The worldwide recovery of business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) was quick Two main policy strands form the core of present innovation policy. On the one hand, there is a need to improve the framework conditions for innovation; these include the business environment, access to finance, competition, and trade openness, as captured in the Innovation Input Sub-Index of the GII model. On the other hand, nations also need dedicated innovation policies targeting both innovation actors and the linkages among them; these include collaborative research projects, public-private partnerships, and clusters.13 Business executives in charge of innovation surveyed in Chapter 5 by Engel et al. stress the importance of...
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...partnerships to invent and scale technologies. More than 20 countries led by the U.S. unveiled "Mission Innovation" and pledged to seek to double their government research-and-development budgets over the next five years to accelerate clean-energy innovation. Ten of the world’s largest oil and gas companies launched the "Oil and Gas Climate Initiative" to organize meaningful action through the sharing of best-practice information and other industry collaboration as well as to make investments in R&D and startups. These statements indicate that both the public and private sectors recognize that we live in a carbon-constrained world and that there will be a charge on carbon emissions, imposed through regulations or market prices or a combination of both. Thus, there is an imperative for industry to explore the commercialization of new innovative low-carbon technologies. Given the scale of the energy and climate challenges, the three initiatives are necessary but not sufficient. Why? Successful innovation must address technologies from creation to deployment. Take, for example, advances in battery technology. A battery that costs less than $100 per kilowatt-hour with a lifetime of more than 1,000 cycles would be a game changer for offering affordable and reliable renewable electricity across the world. Today’s lithium ion batteries cost three times more. We need government R&D to support fundamental work in our...
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...examples. How does one of the examples you provided affect the market outcome? What is the role of government in addressing the implications of an externality you provided as an example? Is it possible that a government’s solution to a market failure would worsen the failure? Explain your answer. Externality is defined as an effect of a decision on a third party not taken into account by the decision maker. There are two types of externalities being positive and negative. Second hand smoke would be a negative externality. The smoker does not take into account the smoke emitted from their cigarette. Education would be considered a positive externality. When an individual is educated, their employer benefits from your expertise on the matter that was studied. It also helps to employ teachers with jobs in order to educate us. Innovation is also a positive externality. The effects of innovation helps businesses become more efficient, in respects to technological innovation. Innovation affects market outcome. With Apple's determination of constant innovation, consumers are chomping at the bit for the next generation "iProduct." Each product surpasses the previous with updated features. The government has no role in addressing the sale of "iProducts," and their externalities. But if there were a market failure for these products, the government could intervene on their behalf. The government could implement a tax incentive program for consumers or businesses to purchase Apple products...
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...of the current federal budget, viable for a stronger economy? This essay aims to illustrate, the success of Australia’s fiscal policy implemented by the current federal budget and its effects for the long-run. In relation, do these strategies provide sufficient evidence that ensures Australia’s “position of strength in the world economy” and if they are considerably better, in comparison to other international economic environments? I will focus primarily on the government’s expenditure on investment to boost the economy and the resulting effect it has towards the productivity, innovation and competition for Australia. The 2013-14 Budget, which illustrates a reduction in taxes of about $ 17 billion and an increase in expenditures of $ 24 billion, is strongly coherent, increasing aggregate demand by about 3 per cent. This process of fiscal expansion has been possible given the low Australian government debt that allows restoring an even budget by 2015 – 2016. There are several fiscal challenges directed to the 2013 Federal Budget. One particular Domestic challenge involves the importance on maintaining fiscal and monetary policy alignment. The previous federal budget 2012-13 fails to preserve alignment between fiscal and monetary policy. As a contractive fiscal policy lead to a decreasing aggregate demand by about 2%, the Reserve bank was cutting interest rates to stimulate demand. Thus, it is a challenge to keep a coherent fiscal and monetary policy. Furthermore, an international...
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...29(4) 392-405 ª The Author(s) 2009 Reprints and permission: http://www. sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0276146709344954 http://jmmk.sagepub.com Abstract The authors provide evidence that firms can enhance their own objectives by internalizing the objectives of most stakeholder groups. This suggests that society’s objectives, as defined by stakeholders to the firm, can be augmented by the self-interest motivation at the heart of a market system. Specifically examined was the impact of stakeholder responsiveness on innovativeness. The second objective of this study was to explore the impact of compliance-based versus strategic-based regulation approaches on firm innovation and overall corporate social responsibility (CSR). Findings suggest that regulatory responsiveness decreases innovation when firms expend resources only on compliance. Firms adopting strategic-based approaches, such as voluntary regulatory...
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