...Roman men did not begin learning philosophy until regarding two hundred before Christ. At that point, the Romans were gaining control, so plenty of Roman troopers and generals spent plenty of your time in Balkan state, and got an opportunity to speak to Greek philosophers. The Romans realized that Greek philosophers like philosopher, Plato, and Aristotle had been doing plenty of wondering philosophy only in the near past. Some Romans got interested, and by regarding fifty before Christ, these Romans were even commencing to write philosophy themselves, though' most of it had been just about simply translating Greek philosophy into Latin. One of the primary Roman men (Men would not let women study philosophy) who wrote regarding...
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...Sheila Castillo Survey of Literature 1 (LITR 1157) Miss Sangster March 27, 2014 Plato, Ancient Greek Philosopher relation to the New Testament Christopher Stead, a professor of the University of Cambridge argues in his Book Philosophy in Christian Antiquity, that Christianity was influenced by panoply of Greek philosophy, including Plato (Shandon L. Guthrie par. 2). Plato was an Athenian citizen of high status, a classical philosopher that lived from 429–347 Before Christ Existed. He died at age 81; he believed strongly in logic and reason. Moreover, his works contained discussions in aesthetics, political philosophy, theology, cosmology, epistemology, and the philosophy of language (Plato par 1). Although Plat existed way “Before Christ Existed” and even before the New Testament was developed, his philosophy seems to have some sort of relation to The New Testament and as Professor Shandon Guthrie mentioned the New Testament for a fact was influenced by Greek philosophers, especially Plato. Their commonalities involve their belief of the immortality of our human souls and dualism, the theory that human beings are made up of two independent constituents, the body and the mind or soul. These facts will present how Plato and the New Testament had relations of their views. Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell. (Matthew 10:28, NIV). Firstly, stated this bible verse it emphasizes...
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...The Hellenistic Age or Hellenistic World was an age where Greek and conquered cultures integrated together. It made a huge impact on society by the spreading and diffusion of cultures, the East meeting the West. The important lesson in this era was the lesson in change and continuity. It was also a period of uncertainty which the Greeks slowly learned to adapt to. However, Alexander the Great's conquests had remarkable effect on the civilizations during this time as well. Alexander, along with his leading generals swept across Egypt, in the Middle-east, and Persia's into India becoming key players in the spread of Hellenistic culture. There various type of changes that occurred during Hellenistic age. It brought about new political and philosophical concepts. Epicureanism held that people could achieve happiness only by withdrawing from public life and, through the exercise of reason, freeing themselves from all sources of anxiety, including a belief in gods. Epicureanism also opened philosophical activity to all despite gender or social condition. Stoicism did so as well through its idea of a world society bound by a shared search for harmony with the Logos. Everyone could achieve this harmony by their passions through reason. Stoicism also encouraged participation in public life to foster harmony throughout world society. Skepticism denied that there is one true path to happiness. In its most sophisticated form, it insisted on the limits of reason, encouraging adherents...
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...The enduring traditions and institutions from Greek culture that expanded to most of the western world are democracy/government, philosophy, literature/drama, and architecture. Greek democracy and government has influenced many of the western world in the aspects of courts and jury, majority rule, civic debate, impartial juries, and the rule of law, just to name a few. An example of how ancient Greeks government have in influence the modern world, is Athenians called their political system demokratia (meaning rule by the people), and in their demokratia the people could hold supreme political authority and government. Which is very similar to what the U.S. have now, but instead calling it a demokratia it is called a democracy. Greek philosophy...
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...6/16/2013 Greeks • Center point Athens • Mountainous, hilly landscape • Made great philosophical contributions • No ruler over individual city states • Realistic sculptures and paintings • Women couldn’t be citizens • Prided themselves on philosophy and science • Democratic Both • Civilizations began with city states • Helped shape the Middle East • Made contributions to Middle East • Worked in mines • Agriculture main economic base • Similar social classes • Great builders • Worked slaves • Used currency Romans • Influenced other empires • Set laws and had ruler • Started militaries to back ruler • Flat landscape surrounded by mountains • Women could be citizens • Center point Rome • Known for military and engineering • Semi democratic The Greeks and Romans have lots of similarities. Both helped shape the Middle East, made great contributions to shape today’s world, had similar social classes, used currency, are known for their architecture, and both flourished with the beginning of city states. Some ways they differed though. The Greek landscape was mountainous and hilly, somewhat rough terrain while Roman cities sat in the valleys between the mountains giving them a little extra protection. The Romans unintentionally appointed a king or ruler that then set laws and was backed by a military where the Greeks governed each individual city state and sometimes war arose between the Greek city states. Greeks prided themselves...
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...When the Greeks interacted with other cultures, they spread their culture to all parts of the world and history. They had the audacity to branch out to other areas of life that other civilizations had tried to dwell in before. Because of their discoveries, this therefore influenced the rest of the world, but did not change it. One of their major influences was politics and religion. With politics, the Greeks discovered through trial and error that Democracy worked for them, and that tyranny and anarchy did not. They also tested oligarchy and monarchies, which appeared to work, and are found throughout history and in the modern day world. Religion was another aspect that influenced the western world. The Greeks were polytheistic by nature,...
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...knew that he would succeed him so Phillip II prepared Alexander for a military and political future. He was very well educated by the Greek Philosopher, Aristotle. Aristotle taught Alexander not just the basics but opened his interest to science, medicine and philosophy. After Phillip II was assassinated, Alexander became king of Macedonia at the age of twenty. As stated Alexander was groomed from an early age and was given control of the cavalry at the important battle of Chaeronea. He secured Macedonia’s frontlines, put down the Greek rebellion, then set his eyes on the rest of the world. He began his campaign (entered Asia Minor) with 37,000 men of which 5,000 were cavalry and had his first confrontation and victory against the Persian Empire at a battle at the Granicus River which almost cost him his life. By the following spring, 334/335, the western half of Asia Minor was controlled by Alexander. At the Battle of Issus, the Persian troops outnumbered Alexander’s and his men. However, the numerical advantage the Persian’s had was cancelled because the battle was on a narrow field and resulted in another success for Macedonia. Alexander then turned south, and by the winter of 332 BCE, Alexander dominated Egypt, Palestine and Syria. He took the title of pharaoh of Egypt and founded the first cities named after him. (Alexandria) as the Greek administrative capital of Egypt which remains one of Egypt’s and Mediterranean’s most important cities. He then moved into ancient...
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...together and forever changed the ancient world. Alexander the warrior is only one part of his legacy. He was a celebrated leader with a unique early life that drove his passion, admirable traits that set him apart from other rulers, and an unquestionable mark on history that continues to be praised today. Education and good mentoring are both vital for the pedigree of a good leader. Alexander had both. Being the son of a king, from an early age Alexander was given access to and was educated by the well-known Greek philosopher, Aristotle. It was his proximity to this great thinker during Alexander’s developmental years that inspired a deep love for rhetoric and literature, which led to interests in science, medicine, and philosophy. Education set Alexander apart from his peers; it also established him as one with the ability to transfer something of worth to another, namely Hellenism. Adding to education, Aristotle introduced Alexander to the legend of the Greek god, Achilles, through Homer’s, The Iliad. To Alexander, Achilles became a sort of distant mentor and idol to emulate. Alexander studied how Achilles fought, lived, loved, and died; desiring the same for his own life Alexander would vicariously model it as such. A good leader will have a solid base of knowledge and an example to emulate. Consequently, the fundamentals of a good education and mentoring became vital to Alexander later in life when he established his kingdom and was recognized as a leader. A...
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...dominating warrior. Such was the earliest meaning of arête, “excellence” or “virtue”, a term whose meaning changed as values changed during the course of Greek culture. To obtain arête- defined by one Homeric hero as “to fight ever in the forefront and outdo my companions”- and the undying fame that was its reward, men would endure hardship, struggle, and even death. Honor was the just reward for one who demonstrated arête, and the greatest of human injustices was the denial of honor due to a great hero. Homer makes such denial the theme of the Illiad,- the disastrous results of Achilles’s decision to withdraw from battle after he had been denied honor by King Agamemnon. P. 107 In fifth-century Athens, scholars estimate that one out of every four persons was a slave. Some were war captives and others were children of slaves, but most came from outside Greece through slave dealers. No large collections of slaves were used on agricultural estates. Small landowners might own one or more slaves, who worked in the fields alongside their masters. Those who owned many slaves often hired them out to private individuals or to the state, where they worked alongside Athenian citizens and received comparable wages. P. 113 The Greeks were the first to formulate many of the European culture’s fundamental concepts of politics, philosophy, science, and art. How was it that a relatively small number of people could leave such a great legacy to later civilizations? A single definitive answer...
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...factors that contributed towards the rise of civilization in Greece? How is it something special in the intellectual world? Is it true that science and philosophy were born at the same time i.e. in the 6th century B.C.? What were the reasons for the early development of civilizations (E.g. writing in 4000 B.C.) in Egypt and Mesopotamia? When were the pyramids built? How did Gods get associated with morality, as in breaching law became impiety? What was the oldest legal code of Hammurabi, the king of Babylon? What was the Babylonian contribution to the growth of man? How was the Babylonian knowledge inherited by Thales in the 6th century? Points Sudden rise of civilization in Greece Role of Egypt Babylon (both around 2000 B.C) and the island of Crete(Minoan culture), called Mycenaeans on the mainland Greece (till 900 B.C.) in the Greek philosophy The 3 waves Ionians, Achaeans and last the Dorians Maritime commerce led to the very early contributions to civilization from Greece Coinage – 700 B.C Phoenicians, like other inhabitants of Syria were exposed to influence of both Babylon and Egypt and they held supremacy in maritime commerce till rise of Greek cities if Ionia, Italy and Sicily. Greek may have learned to write from the Phoenicians and added vowels. First notable intellectual product – Homer-ancient Greek epic poet of Iliad and the Odyssey,(8th century B.C.), ( product of Ionia), Confucius, Buddha and Zoroaster were probably from the same time, Homer wasn’t...
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...Alexander the Great was a great warrior and lived 300 years before Christ. He was well aware that he lived in an age of innovation in Greek warfare as he fully implored the latest technology to conquer civilizations that had transformed the lands from Egypt to India into a new Greek world (McKay, 137). His influence had also built an empire that would spread the Greek culture into the known world, but there are no kingdoms without a king and with Alexander’s swift and stunning demise, his empire would crumble almost as quickly as it was built. 404 B.C.E., a long and bloody 27 year war, also known as the Peloponnesian War (AncientGreece, 2003) had finally come to an end. Athens, its once dominant Navy destroyed, is starved into submission at the hands of its arch rivals, the Spartans (McKay, 123). In 359 B.C.E. Philip II had become king (382 – 336 B.C.E) and within two decades he would change the face of Greece (BBC, 2014). During this period, Macedonia had a large amount of potential in both man...
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...the sages and schools unfolded were stretched axislike across Eurasia and ideas spread not only in the originated area but also all over the world. Since the disciples wrote down their teaching, there is a lot of physical evidence of the body of texts that survived that is now used as a guide and reference for studies. It was a major shift in human thinking and saw a development of multiple new religions, such as Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism. Religious thinking was changed during the Axial Age, focusing on explanations of how the universe came to be the way it is, monotheism, and divine love. Some Greek poetry described a creation of a world without prior matter. Emotion and thought were primary of the universe. Monotheism was the idea of one unique God who had full control and power over nature. The theme of divine love questioned if God remained interested in creation. Greek thinkers of this era ignored this idea. Political thinking was also changed during this age, dealing with political optimism and pessimism. Ethics was taking over the law, where people believed that being ethical and obedient was valued more than following the written words of the law. The Confucians and Daoists supported these ideas as they tended to believe in more selfless and ethical values. Most sages of the axial age were optimists, thinking that human nature was essentially good. They tended to be in favor of democracy and entrusting citizens with power. Gautama Siddharta was an important influential...
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...How were the Greeks similar and different to the Hellenistic empire? The Greeks and the Hellenistic empire were similar in dependence on slave labor, where in Hellenic era, “ virtually every household had a few” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013), and “every household had one or two domestic slaves, and most manufacturing and other labor was done by slaves” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013), which in both eras, “it was customary to enslave losers in battle” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013). On the other side, the differences could be found in the status of women living in either era. As the textbook suggests in the Greece chapter: “While respectable women stayed carefully indoors, some women – slaves or foreigners – who had no economic resources or family ties became prostitutes and courtesans who shared men’s public lives at dinners and drinking parties” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013). The Hellenistic World chapter, “It suggests that women worked and earned money instead of staying carefully guarded within the home. It also shows a loosening of the tight family ties that had marked the Greek poleis and the ancient Middle East civilizations” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013). Athens supposedly experienced “a developing democratic form of government… that allowed them to run and control the growing city” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013), while during Hellenistic era, ”Society, economy, and politics all played out on a larger scale, and kings, rather than citizens, now ruled… It indicates people’s view of...
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...The cultural fundamentals of Greek philosophy helped shape the Roman Republic and the empire they ruled. Under both the Greeks and the Romans, the Mediterranean basin became much more tightly integrated than before as both societies organized commercial exchange and sponsored interaction throughout the region ( Bently, Ziegler & Street 2008). The Mediterranean basin, North Africa, parts of Asia and much of Europe was dominated by the Romans at the height of their rule. Five hundred years before B.C.E., until five hundred years after C.E., the Roman Empire was one of the most flourishing empires of its time and era. The Greeks and the Roman government differed greatly. One difference was that the Romans shared their citizenship and became alliances with conquered countries, which allowed them to trade with Rome, have roman spouses and even become citizens of Rome. They also allowed them to run their internal government without the Roman government taking over. These types of well-liked changes allowed Rome to become the most powerful influences of their time. The Roman government, the wars they fought and the religion they believed in, all had influences on their territories and the world as it is today. Shaping of Wars Wars have always been a part of shaping countries. Wars that the Greeks and the Romans ran throughout their empires and conquering territories, helped shape the world as they knew it. Around the fifth century B.C.E, the Greek Peninsula began wars with Persia...
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...Greece is a country of a great interests and diverse cultures. The Greeks are particularly proud of their culture and speak of their country with an intense passion, feeling that their Greek culture is a definition of their national and ethnic belonging. Traditions, religion, music, language, food and wines are the major composites of the Greek culture. Greek culture began in Greece located in the southeastern region of the European continent, on the far southern edge of the Balkan Peninsula. The country is well known for the thousands of islands. It is surrounded by mountains and in the north by water. The mountains, which surrounded Greece, gave them the advantage of being well protected. The Ionian and the Aegean seas, together with natural islands and bays, gave the Greeks the opportunity to develop their high level of commerce and their rich culture. They relied on the Aegean Sea for trade and supplies. The Greeks were introduced to many other cultures and they were exposed to western benefits of agriculture and various techniques of metalwork. In addition, they shared their culture with other countries as well. Western culture has learned a lot from the Greeks. Greece is one of the oldest civilizations in the world and the cradle of Western culture as we know it. The Greeks’ have made countless contributions that have made Greek Culture a part of western society in the areas of art, literature, philosophy, drama, architecture and politics. They prided themselves of creating...
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