...least on of the following symptoms: birth weight was less than 2,000 grams and prolonged crying for more than one day (Nelson & Ellenberg, 1979). Further they found that diminished activity, apgar score of 3 or less, thermal instability, gavage feeding or hypo/hypertonia were (Nelson & Ellenberg, 1979). A popular surgical treatment was selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) which is where a lumbar laminectomy is done with the stimulation of rootlets in the spine from L2 to S2 (Peacock, Arens, and Berman 1987). Another study identified 25 children with spastic CP before and after the surgical treatment to assess the effects of SPR. The results showed a reduction in muscle tone, range of movement and motor function (Peacock & Staudt, 1991). It also showed improvements in gross motor skills (Peacock & Staudt,...
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...Chapter 13 Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) & Reflex Activity Objectives 1. Define peripheral nervous system and list its components. 2. Define sensation and perception 3. Classify general sensory receptors by structure, stimulus detected, and body location. 4. Distinguish between receptor and generator potentials and sensory adaptation. 5. Compare and contrast the three main levels of neural integration. 6. Describe the four properties of a stimulus. 7. Distinguish between tonic and phasic receptors and the idea of adaptation. 8. Discuss pain (types, neurotransmitters, fast vs. slow pain, phantom & referred pain). 9. Define ganglion and indicate the general body location of ganglia. 10. Describe the general structure of a nerve. 11. Name the 12 pairs of cranial nerves; indicate the body region and structures innervated by each. 12. Describe the formation of a spinal nerve and the general distribution of its rami. 13. Define plexus. Name the major plexuses and describe the distribution and function of the peripheral nerves arising from each plexus. 14. Outline the three levels of the motor hierarchy. 16. Name the components of a reflex arc and distinguish between visceral and somatic reflexes. Chapter 12 (CNS) 19. Describe the gross and microscopic structure of the spinal cord. 20. List the major spinal cord tracts, and classify each as a motor or sensory tract. I Overview (Fig. 13.1) A...
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...Dr. Robert P. Marino Review Questions 2 Question 1 Describe basic bone structure and classification. There are two basic types of Bone tissue, compact bone and spongy bone. 1. Compact bone is dense and homogeneous and forms the walls of bone. 2. Spongy bone is composed of slender intertwined pieces of bone enclosing a space filed with non-bone tissue. It is found in the interior of normal bone. Bones can also be classified according to shape: 1. Long bones are longer than they are wide. All bones of the limbs except for the wrist and ankle bones are long bones. 2. Short bones are cube-shaped and are found in the wrist and ankle of the limbs. 3. Flat bones are thin and flat and often curved. These bones include some bones of the skull, the ribs and the sternum. 4. Irregular bones as their name suggests do not fit conveniently into any category according to their shape. 5. Sesamoid bones is not a category based on shape although they tend to be short bone. A sesamoid bone is a bone that develops within a tendon. The knee cap or patella is an example. Question 2 Bones grow in length at the growth plate by a process that is similar to ossification. The cartilage in the region of the growth plate next to the epiphysis continues to grow by mitosis. This process continues throughout childhood and the adolescent years until the cartilage growth slows and finally stops. When cartilage growth ceases, usually in the early twenties, the growth plate completely ossifies...
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...Occupational Therapists, and Speech-Language Pathologists to address impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities in patients with neuromusculoskeletal dysfunction.".(1) Hippotherapy can help many patients with different diseases and problems from movement defects and disorders to mental illnesses. Hippotherapy has a goal for treating both children and disable adults that is positively focus on balance , posture , speech , motor function , respiration and daily on living skills and this will positively affects there physical , social , psychological outcomes . Theory : Hippotherapy sessions occur in an indoor or outdoor area , and safety is the most important thing should be considered for both patient and his\her...
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...Physical therapists conduct a brief examination of the anatomical and physiological functions of the individual with SMS including heart rate, edema, skin color, height, weight, and alertness. According to an article by Smith et al., (2012) addressing and monitoring musculoskeletal changes and conducting regular neurodevelopmental evaluations are clinically necessary in the management of Smith -Magenis syndrome. Consistent with the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice 3.0 (APTA, 2014) the evaluation of children with SMS requires assessment of the following areas: muscle performance, neuromotor development and sensory processing, motor function, posture, balance, mobility/locomotion, gait, self-care, community, social, and education life, assistive technology, mental functions, reflex, peripheral nerve, and sensory integrity, range of motion and skeletal/joint integrity and environmental...
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...Washington were earning significant income from Washington residents by providing services or collecting royalties on the use of intangible property in the state.1 The Legislature also determined that, although these out-of-state businesses did not have a physical presence in the state and were not paying their fair share of Washington State taxes, they were nonetheless receiving the following significant benefits provided by the state: • Laws providing protection of business interests or regulating consumer credit; • Access to courts and judicial process to enforce business rights, including debt collection and intellectual property rights; • An orderly and regulated marketplace; and • Police and fire protection and a transportation system benefiting in-state agents and other representatives of out-of-state businesses.2 * Armikka R. Bryant, Tax Policy Counsel, Washington State Department of Revenue; J.D., 2001, The University of Iowa; LL.M. (Taxation), 2004, The University of Washington; B.A., 1997, The University of Michigan; member of Washington State Bar. I would like to thank Gilbert Brewer, Senior Assistant Director for Tax Policy at the Washington State Department of Revenue and Russ Brubaker, National Tax Policy Advisor at the Washington State Department of Revenue for reviewing this article and Miriam Ayoub for the many times she has edited and proofread it for me. 1. See Second E.S.S.B. 6143, 61st Leg., 1st Spec. Sess. (Wash. 2010),...
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... The old logo of Maruti Suzuki India Limited on the left. Later in the new logo (on the right) the logo of Suzuki Motor Corp. was also added to it. Maruti Suzuki is India and Nepal's number one leading automobile manufacturer and the market leader in the car segment, both in terms of volume of vehicles sold and revenue earned. Until recently, 18.28% of the company was owned by the Indian government, and 54.2% by Suzuki of Japan. The BJP-led government held an initial public offering of 25% of the company in June 2003. As of 10 May 2007, the government of India sold its complete share to Indian financial institutions and no longer has any stake in Maruti Udyog. Maruti Udyog Limited (MUL) was established in February 1981, though the actual production commenced in 1983 with the Maruti 800, based on the Suzuki Alto kei car which at the time was the only modern car available in India, its only competitors- the Hindustan Ambassador and Premier Padmini were both around 25 years out of date at that point. Through 2004, Maruti Suzuki has produced over 5 Million vehicles. Maruti Suzukis are sold in India and various several other countries, depending upon export orders. Models similar to Maruti Suzukis (but not manufactured by Maruti Udyog) are sold by Suzuki Motor Corporation and manufactured in Pakistan and other South Asian countries. The company exports more than 50,000 cars annually and has an extremely large domestic market...
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...Public - Beyond 12ft 13 - 15. Identify which Architectural term is described. The principal face or front of a building (Façade) A representation made by cutting across something. (Cross- Sectional Drawing) A drawing or diagram showing the proportions and relations of parts or details of a structure without a roof. (Plan) Quiz 2 1. Addresses the interactions among humans, tasks and total work environment in such a way that a safe and healthy working condition is provided for the workers. (ERGONOMICS)2. A government regulation formulated primarily to enhance mobility of physically-challenged persons by requiring institutions to install facilities and other devices that will assist these persons. (ACCESIBILITY LAW)3. The Chinese system for managing luck and good fortune by constructing buildings, and placing furnishings in hotels and restaurants in alignment with nature. (FENG SHUI)4 & 5.Guest rooms are best painted with ____ and _____ which are associated with tranquility and comfort. (BLUE and GREEN)6. Properly programmed _____ is...
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...strengthening its economy and place in the world. This has remained the goal of subsequent governmental leaders. ECONOMY South Africa has a mixed economy, the largest in Africa in terms of both nominal GDP (at $375.944 billion) and GDP atpurchasing power parity (at $608.804 billion). It also has a relatively high GDP per capita compared to other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa ($11,750 at PPP as of 2012). Despite this, South Africa is still burdened by a relatively high rate of poverty and unemployment, and is also ranked in the top 10 countries in the world for income inequality. ECONOMIC OUTLOOK After slowing to 2.5 percent in 2012, South African economic growth continued to underperform in the second half of 2013. Real growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) moderated to an annualised rate of 0.7 percent quarter-on-quarter (q/q) in...
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...changes in the oil importing economies. The paper at hand asks, whether a stabilizing effect via international trade and domestic structural change on the GDP of oil importing countries can be observed, if a permanent oil price increase occurs. At least for Germany, structural change from consumer goods to investment goods industry and an improvement of international competitiveness limit negative impacts of increased energy prices. Analysis is based on the extensive and disaggregated global GINFORS model and the detailed INFORGE model for the German economy. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 15 July 2008 Received in revised form 13 January 2009 Accepted 27 May 2009 Available online 6 June 2009 JEL classification: Q43 C53 C67 F17 Keywords: Global modelling Energy prices and the macro economy International trade 1. Introduction Oil price shocks have negative impacts on oil importing countries. There seems to be evidence for this plausible result from the literature of econometric studies with vector autoregressive models conducted by Darby (1982), Hamilton (1983) and others. The impact has weakened over the last decades with lower energy intensity of the major economies. The Energy Information Administration (2006) also points out that learning...
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...accounting system collects and classifies costs and assigns them to cost objects. The goal of a cost accounting system is to measure the cost of designing, developing, producing (or purchasing), selling, distributing, and servicing particular products or services. Cost allocation is at the heart of most accounting systems. Cost behavior -how the activities of an organization affect its costs- is also fundamental to cost accounting systems. The data provided by a cost accounting system is used for various purposes, which include product costing, planning and control, and decision making. This course mainly focuses on the first of these objectives -products costing. COURSE GOALS Students, as future managers, will utilize, at a minimum, the output of cost systems, which are the primary internal information systems in a firm. Students taking this course will gain an understanding of cost accounting systems, which includes a familiarization with: The goals of cost accounting systems; the fundamental features and design of cost accounting systems; and the various uses of the data provided by cost accounting decisions. A sound understanding of these issues is necessary to interpret cost accounting system outputs; to transform them from data to information and knowledge. Without this understanding, cost accounting data is often mis-interpreted and/or mis-applied leading to erroneous decision making. At the same time, many people think that cost accounting systems constitute...
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...CONTENTS TOPIC SINGAPORE PAGE NO 1. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TAXATION IN SINGAPORE 3-4 2. UNDERSTANDING THE SINGAPORE TAX SYSTEM 4-6 3. TAX RATES 6 4. TAX ADMINISTRATION AND COMPLIANCE 7 NEWZEALAND 5. TAXATION IN NEWZEALAND 7-8 6. INCOME SUBJECT TO TAX 8-9 7. TAX RATES 9-11 8. TAX ADMINISTRATION AND COMPLIANCE 11 1. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TAXATION IN SINGAPORE The scope of taxation in Singapore 1. Income tax is charged on income from an employment exercised in Singapore and on any income accrued in or derived from Singapore, regardless of the tax residency of the individual. The taxability of employment income depends on where the services are performed, not where the payment is made or where the employer is resident. 2. With effect from 1 January 2004, income derived from sources outside Singapore, even if received in Singapore (except for income received through a partnership in Singapore), is exempt from Singapore tax. The tax year 3. In Singapore, an individual's income of the preceding calendar year ('tax year') is assessed to tax in the following calendar year ('Year of Assessment'). For example, if an individual commenced his or her employment in Singapore in April 2010, the employment income derived in the period April to December 2010 will be chargeable to tax in Year of Assessment (“YA”) 2011. Methods of calculating tax 4. Resident individuals are entitled to personal...
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...electric fan supply chain. The diagram roughly depicts the steps employees take when ordering and producing the fans. Performance Metrics Two metrics used in Riordan Manufacturing are make to stock, which is when a company has a standard product made and ready to deliver quickly. Another metric used by the company is productivity, which is the ratio of output to input. Supplier Relationship The supplier relationship for fans is that motors for the fan arrive preassembled. Riordan has the plastic injection molds to create the housing for motor of the fan. The factory that produces the plastic is in China. The motors are also produced and assembled by another company in China that delivers to the factory. The factory in China has 249 employees. 238 of which are production employees. On-time delivery is a metric used to ensure that orders are delivered in a timely manner. One goal for supplier improvement strategies is to leverage enterprise wide supply chain processes and systems. Another method that can be...
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...University of Phoenix Material Developmental Stages Matrix |Developmental Stage |Physical changes |Cognitive changes |Socioemotional changes | |Infancy |(Berger, 2008) |(Berger, 2008) |(Berger, 2008) | | |-A child weight will double in weight by the 4th month. A child|-Sensor motor intelligence emerges in 6 stages. |-The development of emotions, from newborn reactions to | | |weight will triple by 1st B-day. By age 24 months should be |-Reflexes. |toddler self conscious responses. | | |about 30lbs to meet the US standards weight. |-Object recognition. |-Infants start to become independent, granted a secure bond| | |-A child’s height increases a foot by 2, should be ½ their |-The process of information. |has formed. | | |adult height, age 2, A child’s height should be between 32-36 |-Objects in movement become interesting...
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...history: Received 6 November 2012 Received in revised form 14 June 2013 Accepted 15 June 2013 Available online 24 June 2013 Memory systems research has typically described the different types of long-term memory in the brain as either declarative versus non-declarative or implicit versus explicit. These descriptions reflect the difference between declarative, conscious, and explicit memory that is dependent on the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system, and all other expressions of learning and memory. The other type of memory is generally defined by an absence: either the lack of dependence on the MTL memory system (nondeclarative) or the lack of conscious awareness of the information acquired (implicit). However, definition by absence is inherently underspecified and leaves open questions of how this type of memory operates, its neural basis, and how it differs from explicit, declarative memory. Drawing on a variety of studies of implicit learning that have attempted to identify the neural correlates of implicit learning using functional neuroimaging and neuropsychology, a theory of implicit memory is presented that describes it as a form of general plasticity within processing networks that adaptively improve function via experience. Under this model, implicit memory will not appear as a single, coherent, alternative memory system but will instead be manifested as a principle of improvement from experience...
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