...Grounded theory analysis of the data revealed that individuals perceive members of law enforcement in the following ways: (a) contempt for law enforcement, (b) suspicion of law enforcement, (c) law enforcement as agents of brutality, and (d) respect for law enforcement. The "suspicion of law enforcement" theme is words and/or phrases related to thoughts, feelings, or beliefs that members of law enforcement directly or indirectly engage in police brutality and/or condone the brutal actions of other members of law enforcement. The "law enforcement as agents of brutality" theme was related to words and/or phrases related to members of law enforcement directly or indirectly witnessing acts of brutality perpetrated by one or more members of law enforcement against citizens....
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...characteristic of grounded theory. 2. ------------------------------------------------- To critically evaluate the methodology of grounded theory. Grounded Theory Grounded theory was developed in 1960’s by two sociologist, (Glaser and Strauss, 1967) one of whom (Strauss) had strong theoretical training in symbolic interaction. One of their earliest studies was grounded theory on dying in hospitals in which the prime controllable variable was characterized as “awareness context”. Definition of Grounded theory Glaser and Strauss(1967) • GT is the discovery of theory from data systematically obtained from social research. • The strategy used in this discovery process is method of constant comparative analysis. • The purpose of GT is to explain the data (concepts) (Strauss and Corbin 1990) • GT is inductively derived from the study of the phenomenon it represents (instead of starting out with a theory and proving it) • Data, analysis and theory are constantly interacting (having a “dialogue” with each other not isolated but are parts of a conversation) • The purpose of using GT method is to develop a theory from the data being examined (theory fits what is seen in the data) Grounded theory is a type of qualitative research methodology that allows theory/theories to emerge from the data that is collected. Grounded theory research follows a systematic yet flexible process to collect data, code the data, make connections and see what theory/theories are generated...
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...reliability of instruments used Qualitative: The members of the focus groups were divided by job title in order to maximize the communication. All interviews were carefully tape-recorded, transcribed and fully analyzed. Quantitative: All behavioral counseling (BC) sessions had been conducted by an advanced practice nurse. She managed to provide to provide an established frequency (five BC sessions versus one BC session in 12 weeks), intensity (face-to-face interaction), and duration (30 minutes of BC). 4. Statistical or analytic methods Qualitative- The author of the study analyzed the interview transcripts using both qualitative analysis software (NVivo) and grounded theory approach. “Grounded theory, a mode of inductive analysis, can be thought of as a theory that is derived from or "grounded" in everyday experiences. Grounded theory's data sources include all resources that yield information regarding social interaction. Data may be collected by... [continues] Return to NUR...
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...TRANSITIONS IN TEACHING STRATEGIES OF HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY TEACHERS: A GROUNDED THEORY APPROACH Mark Joseph C. Diaz Jerah Mae G. Gilos Kenneth P. Guilan Nerissa E. Sorolla Chapter 1 Introduction to the Study Chapter One has five parts: (1) Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study, (2) Statement of the Problem, (3) Significance of the Study (4) Definition of Terms, and (5) Scope and Delimitation of the Study. Part One, Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study, justifies the need for the investigation, describes the origin of the study, discusses the importance of selecting the problem, and the reason for conducting it. Part Two, Statement of the Problem, presents the purpose and enumerates the problems answered in the study. Part Three, Significance of the Study, states and tells the importance and benefits that may be derived from the findings. Part Four, Definition of Terms, clarifies the meaning of the terms used in this investigation. Part Five, Scope and Delimitation of the Study, sets the limit and scope of the investigation. Background of the Study Throughout the history, societies have sought to educate people to produce goods and services, to respond effectively and creatively to their world and to satisfy their curiosity and aesthetic impulses. Education involves theory and empirical sets of knowledge and learning as well. Teaching is the process of helping their learners economically and efficiently. It is...
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...of students’ competence in practice Kathleen Duffy Caledonian Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre School of Nursing, Midwifery and Community Health Glasgow Caledonian University This study was funded by a scholarship from the Nursing and Midwifery Council (formally The United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting). January 2003 ISBN 1-903661-40-4 CONTENTS LIST CONTENT PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ABSTRACT CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Background to the study 1.3 Aim of study CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 2.1 Grounded theory 2.2 Data collection 2.2.1 Sampling 2.2.2 Participants 2.2.3 Methods 2.2.4 Ethical considerations and access 2.3 Data analysis 2.3.1 Rigour and trustworthiness 2.4 Chapter summary CHAPTER 3: CATEGORY ONE: THE CURRENT DILEMMAS 3.1 Existing problems 3.2 More fail theory than practice 3.3 Differing agendas 3.4 Chapter summary CHAPTER 4: CATEGORY TWO: THE PROCESS OF MANAGING A FAILED CLINICAL ASSESSMENT 4.1 Identifying the weak student 4.2 Developing a plan of action 4.3 The decision to fail 4.4 After the deed is done 4.5 Chapter summary CHAPTER 5: CATEGORY THREE: FAILING TO FAIL 5.1 Leaving it too late 5.2 Personal consequences 5.3 Facing personal challenges 5.4 Experience and confidence 5.5 Chapter summary PAGE 1 2 3 4 6 6 6 10 11 11 12 12 13 14 14 16 16 19 20 20 23 24 26 28 28 32 36 41 45 47 47 52 55 60 62 1 CHAPTER 6: CATEGORY FOUR: DOING ENOUGH TO PASS 6.1 Not...
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...This document is for reference & educational purposes only. Reproduction or/and copying are not authorized. Any anti-plagiarism software will flag this document or its sections as unoriginal. Coping and Resiliency Skills in African American Urban Youths Introduction Growing up with a limited understanding of how to regulate emotions and cope in the face of ubiquitous urban blight, severe socio-economic hardship, and systemic racism is difficult for many urban youths. Resiliency is a term that is frequently associated with urban youths, especially if we consider the fact that according to the U.S. Census data in today’s America approximately one third of this population group lives in urban areas (Census, 2000). Given a steady increase in the numbers of low-income children living in urban areas, efforts to understand this particular phenomenon are critical. In this context, it is important not only to examine the negative (e.g.: drug abuse, violence, etc.) but also the positive self-regulatory skills (e.g.: athletics, education, creativity, dance, poetry, etc.), which urban youths employ as coping mechanisms. Another concomitant question that needs to be explored is how urban youth exercise positive self-regulatory skills under different circumstances and in specific contexts. This study specifically examined the phenomenon of coping and resiliency skills in African American urban youths growing up in the developmental contexts of various environmental stressors...
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...[pic] Exploring qualitative research online The aim of this document is to provide students with some extra insight into qualitative research methods by guiding them to specific, useable, and comprehensible websites. It aims to provide a series of ‘snippets’ of information that should broaden and deepen students’ knowledge of this subject area. This document is designed primarily to extend students’ learning and should be completed in conjunction with other course material such as textbooks. Students should click on the links and answer the questions, expanding the boxes as they go. |Participant observation, grounded theory and action research | | | |Click on the Wikipedia entry for participant observation: | |http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participant_observation | | | |What is participant observation? ...
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...Research Critique, Part 1 To write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of the research study conducted, respond to each of the questions listed under the headings below. Do not answer the questions with a yes or no; rather, provide a rationale or include examples or content from the study to address the questions. CRITICAL APPRAISAL GUIDELINES: QUALITATIVE STUDY Problem Statement * Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem. * How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem. Purpose and Research Questions * Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims. * List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers. * Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem? * Were qualitative methods appropriate to answer the research questions? Literature Review * Did the author cite quantitative...
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...Research Critique, Part 1 Kathleen J. Good Grand Canyon University: NRS 433 October 19, 2014 Problem Statement In 2010, after the earthquake that struck Haiti, thousands of nurses and healthcare workers traveled to Haiti to volunteer to help with relief efforts. In the year and a half after the earthquake, when looking through peer-reviewed literature, it was revealed that “all of the publications are anecdotal in nature” and “there was no original research using scientific methods that systematically explore volunteers’ experiences. In addition, none of the publications specifically addressed the issues faced by nurses caring for children. This is where this study being discussed saw a gap in knowledge. “Research that focuses on the pediatric population in disasters is generally lacking” (p. 242). Worldwide, children comprise a huge population, so knowing how to care for them, especially in disaster relief, is important. “This study sought to fill part of the knowledge gap about nurse volunteers who care for children in disaster situations.” The authors of this study point out that filling this gap in knowledge is important because “it takes a scientific approach to nurses’ experiences and will help inform nurses who consider volunteering in future humanitarian missions” (p. 243). In a grander scheme, it also gives aid agencies, such as the Red Cross, more information on how to treat children post-disaster. Purpose and Research Questions Clearly stated, “The purpose...
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...Running Head: Research Critique Part 1 1 Research Critique Part 1 CLABSI in the Pediatric Oncology Population Cathy Frederick Grand Canyon University NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research October 11, 2015 Research Critique Part 1 2 Purpose of the Research This paper will perform a research critique on a qualitative research study published in the Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, March 2013, Vol. 34, No.3. The study was presented with contributions from multiple individuals, Dr. A. Gaur, Dr. D, Bundy, C. Gao, PhD, Dr. E. Werner, Dr. A. Billett, Dr. J. Hord, Dr. J. Siegel, Dr. D. Dickens, C. Winkle, RN., and Dr. M. Miller. The research was to identify the host and organism characteristics of the hospital-acquired condition, central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Problem Statement CLABSIs increase the risk for increased mortality and morbidity, extended hospital stays, and raises the overall cost of healthcare. Children’s Hospital Association Hematology-Oncology Quality Transformation Collaborative Project (CHAHQTCP), was a qualitative research project that began on November 1, 2009 and ended July 31, 2011. This project was initiated to identify the contributing factors to blood stream infections (BSI) in pediatric hematology patients. The goal of this research was to reduce CLABSIs by 50%. To be included, the CLABSI needed occur 48 hours after being hospitalized or...
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...Reflections on Individual Assignment 1 This document provides examples of student critiques prepared for individual assignment 1. I have selected examples of satisfactory and unsatisfactory critiques supplemented by some comments. Hopefully this will assist in preparing for the second individual assignment and the final exam. 1. Literature review (objectives and motives) Satisfactory critique Critique: Jones and Solomon (2010) do not explicitly mention the aim of their research, but rather refer to the nature of the research. This is not seen as a weak point as the authors make use of grounded theory in their study. The authors do however identify their motivation of conducting this research quite well by stating: “However, to our knowledge, there has been little research (...)” (pp. 21). Furthermore, the authors link their motives to prior research by stating that there has been a lack of interview-based work in prior research (Ball et al, 2000; Deegan et al, 2006; O’Dwyer and Owen, 2005). I do see this link as a strong point in contrast to the objective of this article. The objective of this article is not clearly formulated. The authors mention: “We address the fundamental question on (...)” (p.21). However, immediately afterwards they state: “In addition, we shed light on several important questions such as (...)” (p.21). These additions are not related to previously identified questions by the authors but to the themes that derived from the interviews in this study. Therefore...
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...Research Critique, Part 1 To write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of the research study conducted, respond to each of the questions listed under the headings below. Do not answer the questions with a yes or no; rather, provide a rationale or include examples or content from the study to address the questions. CRITICAL APPRAISAL GUIDELINES: QUALITATIVE STUDY Problem Statement * Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem. * How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem. Purpose and Research Questions * Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims. * List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers. * Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem? * Were qualitative methods appropriate to answer the research questions? Literature Review * Did the author cite quantitative...
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...Literature Search As a perioperative nurse, surgery is my everyday environment and patient safety is my main concern. Working in the operating room patients under anesthesia cannot advocate for themselves. As operating room nurses we have to make sure our patients are safe and have no sentinel events. Surgical safety is my research practice problem of interest. References Mottram, A. (2012). Day surgery patients perceptions of risk: a qualitative research study. Journal of International Association of Ambulatory Surgery, 17 (4), 69-73. Abstract Aim: The aim of the study was to gain new insight into the perceptions of day surgery patients. Method: 145 patients aged 18-70 years and 100 carers were recruited from the pre-operative assessment clinics in 2 public hospitals in the United Kingdom. They participated in semi-structured interviews on 3 occasions over a two year period. Findings: Patients’ preferred day surgery because they saw it as a form of risk management. Fears of cross-infection and neglect in in-patient care generated by high profile press reports made them believe day surgery was a less risky option for surgical care. They also needed “to have a say” in their treatment options especially in relation to anaesthesia. Conclusion: Patients are no longer passive recipients of health care but wish to have a say in their treatment options. Risk is linked to trust so day surgery personnel must ensure that full information, welcoming attitude and pleasant environment...
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...Reporting qualitative evidence assignment (25%) This assignment consists of conducting a small qualitative research project and writing a report using the grounded theory approach. This paper should meet the requirements for reporting qualitative research and can be written individually or in pairs of students. The maximum number of words for this paper is 3000, excluding interview transcripts. The deadline for the paper is 30 March and must be submitted to Blackboard by 17h on that day. Each paper must include the name(s) of the author(s) clearly at the beginning. Read the assignment carefully! 1. Students must form groups of six individuals and choose a (student-related) research theme. A list of possible themes is provided below. Each group must e-mail the names of its members and the chosen theme to Daphne van Kleef before 11th of February. 2. Each group member will be interviewed by another group member. Within each group, students will break into three pairs, and each pair will develop a unique research question (different from the other pairs in the group) related to the chosen research theme. The three pairs make one topic lists which covers all the topics that need to be discussed. Interviews will be conducted based on these topic lists. The result will be six interviews, one for each group member. The transcripts of these interviews should be included in the research reports as appendixes (these will not contribute towards the word count). To keep the interviews...
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...Chapter 1 Summary Creswell (2013), in his book Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design begins the first chapter with an introduction to qualitative research and the purpose for writing the text. He states his primary purpose for writing the book is “to examine five different approaches to qualitative inquiry – narrative, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case studies – and put them side-by-side so that we can see their differences” (p. 2). As a result, the text differs from other books on qualitative research, which normally begin with a single approach to qualitative inquiry. Creswell’s (2013) rationale for this is so reader can have a greater understanding of each of the approaches, how they apply to the research process, and the differences and similarities between each approach. This particular edition is the third edition of the text. As a result, Creswell (2013) made a number of changes from previous editions. For instance, the information on philosophical assumptions has been reworked in chapter two, and ethical dilemmas are in various phases of research are addressed in chapter three. Additionally, chapter four has a section added addressing the area of “defining characteristics” while chapter five had some changes in illustrations used (p. 3). Portions of the book were simplified, and the matter of technological advances in research have also been addressed. Lastly, thought provoking exercises where added at the end of each chapter, and references...
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