...Review – Exam 2 This is just an outline; make sure you go over everything. Materials: Exam 2 will cover chapters 13, 14, 15, 18 & 19: everything we have covered in the class. Exam 2 will start Sharp at 6:00 pm. The allotted time for exam 2 will be 6:00 to 6:50 pm Format: There will be 40 multiple choice questions, scantrons will be provided. Main Concepts Chapter 13: * Soil forming factors * Soil formation begins with fragmentation of parent material. * Parent material consists of ancient layers of rock, or more recent deposits from lava flows or glacial activity. * The first organisms to gain a foothold in modified parent material also contribute to soil formation. * Lichens form pioneer communities. * Decomposition of dead lichens further alters underlying rock. Humus is the organic material resulting from the decay of plant and animal remains. * It mixes with top layers of mineral particles, and supplies needed nutrients to plants. * It creates a crumbly soil that allows adequate water absorption and drainage. * Burrowing animals such as earthworms bring nutrients up from deeper soil layers, improving soil fertility. * * The organic material resulting from the decay of plant and animals remains is called………….? HUMUS * Soil properties: Soil texture Soil texture is determined by the size of mineral particles within the soil. * Too many large particles (sand, gravel) lead to extreme...
Words: 3263 - Pages: 14
...disposal of waste materials. Determine which method of waste management you would recommend for the proper disposal of your selected waste materials. Be sure to provide an explanation for your recommendation. When discussing the proper disposal of any waste material the purpose would be to achieve immediate reduction of waste in our landfills, waterways and air. Incinerators are used to burn waste materials primarily for waste destruction/treatment purposes; however, some energy or material recovery can occur. When performed properly, incineration destroys the toxic organic constituents in hazardous waste and reduces the volume of the waste.” (www.epa.gov). “BIFs are typically used to burn hazardous waste for the significant energy and material recovery potential, with waste treatment being a secondary benefit. Boilers typically combust waste for energy recovery, while industrial furnaces burn waste for both energy and material recovery”. (www.epa.gov).” Recycling is almost always the best way to get rid of waste, even when it is exported abroad, according to the biggest ever report on the industry for the UK government.”(www.guarden.co.uk). After doing a lot of reading and research I have better educated myself about how we handle waste now and how we can stop destroying the earth and improve it. I believe that the best method for disposal of waste materials is recycling. By recycling solid waste, hazardous waste, we reduce the amount that is in our landfills and other places...
Words: 273 - Pages: 2
...Abstract This paper examines the occupational health and safety problems faced by the waste-pickers of Dhaka City. An extensive field survey and physical examinations of the waste-pickers have been used to collect the necessary primary data. The paper tracks down the health problems to their roots with the help of an impact-pathway based analysis. The study finds that the most prevalent types of occupational risks include: bites from insects and rats, cuts and bruises, skin disease, respiratory and gastro-intestinal tract problems, eye irritation, body aches, general weakness, and frequent fever. Keywords: solid waste, health impact, risk factor, confounding factor, prevalence rate, morbidity index. 1 Introduction Every day, some 4000-4500 tons of solid waste is generated in Dhaka City by its 10 million inhabitants. About half of this waste is collected by the Dhaka City Corporation (DCC) and disposed at the central landfill site at Matuail. The rest are dumped in open fields, ditches and along street sides creating a major civic health problem. The situation is made worse by fact that the there is no separate system of collection and disposal for clinical and industrial waste in the city, all the hazardous clinical and industrial wastes are dumped in the same municipal bins used for household waste disposal; eventually most of the hazardous wastes also end up in the landfill site. In this backdrop, what is perhaps the most serious health concern is that there are a...
Words: 1446 - Pages: 6
...Research Project: E-Waste 1. What are the environmental issues associated with e-waste? E-Waste (electronic or electrical) is generated from any equipment (running on electricity or a battery) that isdiscarded by the original user (still in working or non-working condition). The processes of dismantling and disposing of electronic waste in the third world lead to a number of environmental impacts as illustrated in the graphic. Liquid and atmospheric releases end up in bodies of water, groundwater, soil, and air and therefore in land and sea animals – both domesticated and wild, in crops eaten by both animals and human, and in drinking water. One study of environmental effects in Guiyu, China found the following: * Airborne dioxins – one type found at 100 times levels previously measured * Levels of carcinogens in duck ponds and rice paddies exceeded international standards for agricultural areas and cadmium, copper, nickel, and lead levels in rice paddies were above international standards * Heavy metals found in road dust – lead over 300 times that of a control village’s road dust and copper over 100 times The environmental impact of the processing of different electronic waste components: E-Waste Component | Process Used | Potential Environmental Hazard | Cathode ray tubes (used in TVs, computer monitors, ATM, video cameras, and more) | Breaking and removal of yoke, then dumping | Lead, barium and other heavy metals leaching into the ground water and...
Words: 2620 - Pages: 11
...Final Exam for Environmental Law ENV 320 Please write the correct answer on the left line for each question. Each question has 2 points. Please use another color than black for your answers. D 1. Which of the following is not considered one of the threshold issues that must be met before one can bring a lawsuit? a. standing. b. ripeness. c. case or controversy. d. none of the above (all must be present). B 2. A case challenging a statute as violating a person's rights under the U. S. Constitution. a. must be heard in a state court. b. must be heard in a federal court. c. may be heard in either state or federal court. d. must be heard in the U. S. Court of Claims. C 3. To render a binding decision in a case, a court must have a. subject matter jurisdiction. b. jurisdiction over the person. c. either A or B. d. both A and B. B 4. The federal district court and the court of common pleas have concurrent jurisdiction over a. cases involving the interpretation of the Constitution. b. most cases requiring the interpretation of a federal statute. c. both a and b. ...
Words: 2193 - Pages: 9
...The disposal of toxic waste is a major problem in our society today. It affects many things from the human body, animals, environment, and most importantly the air. Most of the toxic waste today comes from factories around the world disposing of their chemicals improperly. Although factories play a major roll in this issue everyday civilians are also a responsible party. Lead and mercury are one of the most dangerous chemicals that are disposed of imporporly by factories. These two chemcials play a big role in the negative effect in our environment today. With easy access to these dangerous chemicals how can we trust that workers are disposing of them properly? Lead and mercury are found in a variety of products such as car batteries, computers, paint, light bulbs, etc. When these items are not disposed of properly they can find their way into our bodies, water, and even the ground we walk on. When lead and mercury are released into the air humans and animals proceed to breathe them in which can lead to major health risks such as lead or mercury poisoning. When these toxic chemicals get into the water or soil they leak into plants and fish. This is not good as to these are things we eat to survive. Each factory has a specific procedure to disposing of harsh chemicals.( research a few ways they shud b disposed of properly)….. Some of our hazardous waste has been known to be exported to Mexico because it is cheaper to dispose of them there. Although factories are trying to...
Words: 754 - Pages: 4
...giving you the most advantageous and knowledgeable information so you will be able to make the best and most informative decision on whether to get legal counsel involved. I will answer three main questions and give you the most up to date information that you will need to make the best decision. 1.The Environmental Group is stating that we are in violation of Clean Water Act and Solid Waste Disposal Act. The elements that must be present in order for one to prove a valid claim under the law(s) specified under the Clean Water Act according to the Bureau of Energy Management “The CWA made it unlawful for any person to discharge any pollutant from a point source into waters of the United States, unless a NPDES permit was obtained under its provisions.” 2.To be in violation of the solid Waste Disposal Act there are seven elements that have to be met According to Cornell Law there are seven elements under 42 U.S. Code Chapter 82, Subchapter III - HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT sub section 6928 in brief it states that a person cannot knowingly treats, stores, or disposes of any hazardous waste identified or listed under this subchapter, knowingly omits material information or makes any false material statement or representation in any application, label, manifest, record, report, permit, or other document filed, maintained, or used for purposes of compliance with regulations promulgated by the Administrator (or by a State in the case of an authorized State...
Words: 814 - Pages: 4
...of non-sustainable practices relating to land, water, and air pollution. The three non-sustainable practices evaluated further are solid waste, and hazardous waste causing land pollution, hazardous waste causing water pollution, and gaseous waste causing air pollution. These areas are the most harmful to the immediate population, which includes the plant workers and the communities. Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste Causing Land Pollution One of the non-sustainable practices is adding to land pollution. Currently, off-spec materials are sent to the landfill (Apollo, 2012). In addition to this, scrap plastic managed as waste goes to the landfill (Apollo). The biggest problem is that plastic is not biodegradable. When plastic and off-spec products are sent to the landfill, breakdown occurs but at minimal rates and these take longer to biodegrade over time. To remain compliant with government regulations, Riordan Manufacturing is required to identify hazardous waste generated each month if it exceeds 2,200 pounds (Apollo, 2012). If Riordan Manufacturing’s plants generate products in excess of 2,200 pounds per month, a set procedure needs to be followed to ensure proper disposal (Apollo). Regulations are set to minimum standards, and Riordan Manufacturing should set its goals to achieve the higher standards regardless of how much waste is generated per month. One way of doing this is to set up specific...
Words: 8282 - Pages: 34
...What is Hazardous Waste? Hazardous Waste is a "solid waste" which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may: Pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored or disposed of, or otherwise mismanaged; or Cause or contribute to an increase in mortality, or an increase in irreversible or incapacitating illness. A "solid waste" is defined as any discarded material that is abandoned by being disposed of, burned or incinerated, recycled or considered "waste-like." A solid waste can physically be a solid, liquid, semi-solid, or container of gaseous material. A waste is classified as a hazardous waste if it has a hazardous characteristic listed below or is listed as a hazardous waste in EPA's page with the list of identifies hazardous wastes. We could only find the list for Ohio. Hazardous Characteristics: Ignitable Hazardous Waste A liquid waste which has a flash point of less than or equal to 140 degrees F (60 degrees C) as determined by an approved test method. A non-liquid waste which, under standard conditions, is capable of causing a fire through friction, absorption of moisture or a spontaneous chemical change and when ignited, the waste burns so vigorously and persistently that it creates a hazard. An ignitable compressed gas or oxidizer. Corrosive Hazardous Waste An aqueous waste with a pH ofless than or equal to 2 or greater than or equal to...
Words: 1850 - Pages: 8
...McElmurry SCI201-1503A-04 Professor Ryan Cornell August 3, 2015 Waste and Disposal When useful material goods reach the end of its life cycle, it loses it economic value and turns into waste material. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, “Solid waste includes garbage, rubbish, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility, and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial, municipal, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations and from community and institutional activities” (EPA, n.d.). The focus of this discussion is to familiarize you with Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), how we dealt with waste before industrialization and why the process changed. Followed by an explanation of how things are being done to make the Mariannhill Landfill more productive and reduce its environmental impact. MSW is the nonhazardous waste (trash and garbage) that we throw away every day. This includes durable goods, such as tires and furniture, nondurable items such as plastic cups and newspapers, containers like milk cartons and other waste from your yard and food. This type of waste refers to common household waste, as well as businesses, hospitals or schools. Industrial, hazardous and construction waste are not included (CSS, 2014). All of the Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF) must comply with the federal regulations or their state...
Words: 999 - Pages: 4
...com/pol-310-ash/pol-310-week-4-quiz 1. Strategies for managing e-waste safely include the following, except: Combustion State legislative efforts to manage e-waste Consumer fees to pay for the expansion of e-waste recycling facilities Expanding existing municipal waste services to accept e-waste 2. This law targets abandoned hazardous waste sites for cleanup and establishes legal liability for remediation. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Toxic Substances Control Act Electronic Waste Recycling Act 3. Computer Manufacturing Company, Inc. intentionally designs its computer products to become non-useful five years after purchase. This is an example of: e-waste. planned obsolescence. biomimicry. I.S.O. 14000. 4. A goal in managing municipal solid waste is to: reduce emphasis on recycling. increase landfill usage. minimize toxicity. eliminate the generation of solid waste. 5. Big Corporation transports and stores hazardous waste for its clients, who generate that waste. Big Corporation itself does not generate the hazardous waste. Which of the following statements is true, pursuant to R.C.R.A.? Big Corporation must obtain a permit from the generator of the hazardous waste. Big Corporation is not permitted to store any hazardous waste for more than 30 days. Big Corporation must track and report on its interaction with the hazardous waste. Big Corporation is exempt from R.C.R.A. requirements...
Words: 461 - Pages: 2
...The global impact of e-waste Addressing the challenge SECTOR Sectoral Activities Department SafeWork Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment The global impact of e-waste: Addressing the challenge The global impact of e-waste: Addressing the challenge Karin Lundgren SafeWork and SECTOR International Labour Organization Geneva 2012 Copyright © International Labour Organization 2012 First published 2012 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: pubdroit@ilo.org. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Lundgren, Karin The global impact of e-waste: addressing the challenge / Karin Lundgren; International Labour Office, Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment (SafeWork), Sectoral Activities Department (SECTOR). – Geneva: ILO, 2012 ISBN 978-92-2-126897-0 (print) ISBN...
Words: 37067 - Pages: 149
... * Introduction * Impacts of E-Waste Exports * Concerns About Domestic E-Waste Disposal * E-Waste Management Requirements * Relevant Waste Disposal Requirements * Factors Influencing E-Waste Exporting * Costly and Complex Domestic Recycling * Conclusions Introduction Electronic waste (e-waste) is a term that is used loosely to refer to obsolete, broken, or irreparable electronic devices like televisions, computer central processing units (CPUs), computer monitors (flat screen and cathode ray tubes), laptops, printers, scanners, and associated wiring. Rapid technology changes have led to increasingly large e-waste surpluses. Electronic devices, particularly older units in use today or in storage, contain a host of hazardous constituents such as lead, mercury, or chromium, as well as plastics treated with brominated flame retardants. The presence of these constituents has led to end-of-life (EOL) management concerns from state and federal environmental agencies, environmental organizations, and some Members of Congress. E-waste is essentially unregulated at the federal level—meaning it can be disposed of with common household garbage in municipal solid waste landfills (the primary disposal method) or incinerators. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has stated that landfill disposal of ewaste is safe. However, EPA’s preferred method of EOL management is reuse or recycling. Further, state and local waste management agencies have expressed...
Words: 2860 - Pages: 12
...Urban Waste Management Solid wastes are those organic and inorganic waste materials produced by various activities of the society, which have lost their value to the first user. Improper disposal of solid wastes pollutes all the vital components of the living environment (i.e., air, land and water) at local and global levels. There has been a significant increase in MSW (municipal solid waste) generation in India in the last few decades. This is largely because of rapid population growth and economic development in the country. Due to rapid growth of urban population, as well as constraint in resources, the management of solid waste poses a difficult and complex problem for the society and its improper management gravely affects the public health and degrades environment. The population of Mumbai grew from around 8.2 million in 1981 to 12.3 million in 1991, registering a growth of around 49%. On the other hand, MSW generated in the city increased from 3200 ton per day to 5355 ton per day in the same period registering a growth of around 67% (CPCB 2000). This clearly indicates that the growth in MSW in our urban centers has outpaced the population growth in recent years. This trend can be ascribed to our changing lifestyles, food habits, and change in living standards. Waste referred as rubbish, trash, garbage, or junk is unwanted or unusable material. According to European councils’ directive “Waste is any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required...
Words: 3699 - Pages: 15
...Environmental Compliance On-Site Evaluations Ali Etebari (603) 868-1447 E-mail: aetebari@vt.edu Facility: New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NH DES) Small Business Technical Assistance Program (SBTAP) 64 North Main St P. O. Box 2033 Concord, NH 03302-2033 Contact: Rudy Cartier NH DES Small Business Ombudsman Phone: 1-800-837-0656 Fax: 271-1381 E-mail: cartier@desarsb.mv.com Faculty Advisor: Dr. Ihab Farag 255 Kingsbury Hall University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 3 Introduction/Background 3 Goals/Objectives 4 Approach/Methodology 4 Chemical Usage, Equipment Needs 4 Releases/Wastes Generated at the Facility 5 Details of Work Accomplished/Project Results 5 Pollution Prevention Benefits 5 Recommendations for Future Efforts 6 References 6 Appendices: A. Sample Report 6 B. Evaluation Checklist 10 C. Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet 13 Executive Summary: SBTAP is offering small-scale automotive repair and refinishing businesses free confidential on-site inspections in order to increase their awareness of certain environmental compliance issues and their solutions. These issues, when ignored, often result in serious health hazards and legal consequences. Many small businesses are uneducated on the State’s strict regulations, but...
Words: 3029 - Pages: 13
