...FULFILMENT OF REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF EDUCATION ARTS (ECDE) AT KISII UNIVERSITY. DECLARATION I declare that this piece of work is authentic and it has not been done before or presented to any institution for examination. No part of this project should be produced without prior permission. However, any alteration to improve its efficiency and effectiveness by another scholar is allowed. DEDICATION I wholeheartedly dedicate this piece of work to Early Childhood Development and Education (ECDE) managers and teachers. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to acknowledge the efforts of various individuals owing to the success of this project. First, I am much grateful to the Head-teacher of Kari D.E.B Primary school-Mr. Ondimu for his monetary support together with the head of ECDE Department Madam Rhoda. Others who were handy in the success of the project were Mr. Suleiman Thano (a student teacher from Kisii University) really assisted me in the organization of the project. ECDE section pupils were also of great help during the preparation. God bless you richly according to his abundance. Above all I thank the Almighty God for strength, ability and health. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Title page....................................................................................1 Declaration ................................................................................2...
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...Josiah. Ayala, Lizeth. Perez Mrs. Meyers Biology AP October 2, 2014 In the early twentieth century, little was known about cell membranes. For years scientists looked through the microscope in search of answers. Since the discovery of many new information conducted through observations and research, they were able to understand that plasma membrane is an essential biological structure to all cells. It functions as an envelope by keeping all a cells organelles contained. It also serves as a gateway and barrier to certain foreign substance. Although plasma membrane may seem simple on the outside, it’s actually a complex structure of molecules working in coordination with each other to function properly. The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a phospholipid bilayer, which consists of Polar, hydrophilic phospholipid heads and non-polar, hydrophobic fatty acid tails. The plasma membrane is constructed in a specific way where phospholipid tails point towards each other, away from polar substances and the polar heads are positioned in the other direction towards aqueous environments. Because of this special chemically influenced arrangement of molecules, an impermeable membrane selective to small, non-polar is formed substances. The cell’s plasma membrane also contains a diverse array of proteins amidst its phospholipid layer. Proteins are extremely important as they carry out many specialized functions for the plasma membrane. Proteins imbedded in between...
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...David Lockett CD 101 – FH Professor Janvier Jones, M.S. March 4, 2016 Observation: Birth – 18 Months The Child observed here is called JD. At the time of the observation the child was 15 months old. The observation began at 3p.m. on February 21, 2016. The child was at his place of residence with his mother, aunt, and his two sisters’ ages 9 and 12. As a playroom, the children of the home uses the family room because that is where all the toys are along with the laptops and learning aids for the older children. The beginning of the observation started with JD standing inside of the toy chest with nothing inside but his basketball. There were several toys on the floor near JD. The toys consisted of several trucks, a VTech alphabet activity cube, and a VTech Turn and Learn Driver. The VTech Turn and Learn Driver was sitting on a stand directly in front of the toy chest which JD was standing inside of. JD had his left hand on the steering wheel turning the wheel left and right and with his right hand he was hitting center of the wheel making it go “beep, beep”. As the toy produced the beep, beep sounds, JD would imitate them saying “beep, beep also. At different times between the simulated driving, JD would press different buttons on the console of the toy and imitate those sounds also. JD looked up several times at his mother and smiled only to repeat the process again and again. This went on for approximately 15 minutes. JD would eventually...
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...Animal Diversity Part I Introduction One of the primary goals of the second half of Biol 106 is to understand evolutionary relationships among animals and to gain an appreciation for the diversity of animal form and function. The huge diversity of animals requires us to divide our survey of different animals into a number of labs. Because of time limitations, we will consider only the major groups of animals, but your textbook can provide information about other groups represented by few or little known species. The study of animal phylogeny is an important and ongoing scientific investigation. Because there are differing hypotheses regarding the evolutionary relationships between animals, we will use a simplified phylogeny (Figure 1) to help us organize and understand the enormous diversity among animals. It is helpful to group animals according to certain unifying characteristics. The largest grouping of animals is the phylum (plural phyla). As you have learned in lecture, there are a few simple questions one can ask about animals to put them into different phyla. The first question is, “What type of symmetry does the animal exhibit?” Animals can be asymmetrical, that is, possessing no organized body plan. Only the Sponges fall into this category. Animals can also be radially symmetrical, where the body is arranged around a central point at all stages of life. Many in the phylum Cnidaria (pronounced “knee dare ya”) are radially symmetrical. All other animals are bilaterally...
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...David Lockett CD 101 – FH Professor Janvier Jones, M.S. March 4, 2016 Observation: Birth – 18 Months The Child observed here is called JD. At the time of the observation the child was 15 months old. The observation began at 3p.m. on February 21, 2016. The child was at his place of residence with his mother, aunt, and his two sisters’ ages 9 and 12. As a playroom, the children of the home uses the family room because that is where all the toys are along with the laptops and learning aids for the older children. The beginning of the observation started with JD standing inside of the toy chest with nothing inside but his basketball. There were several toys on the floor near JD. The toys consisted of several trucks, a VTech alphabet activity cube, and a VTech Turn and Learn Driver. The VTech Turn and Learn Driver was sitting on a stand directly in front of the toy chest which JD was standing inside of. JD had his left hand on the steering wheel turning the wheel left and right and with his right hand he was hitting center of the wheel making it go “beep, beep”. As the toy produced the beep, beep sounds, JD would imitate them saying “beep, beep also. At different times between the simulated driving, JD would press different buttons on the console of the toy and imitate those sounds also. JD looked up several times at his mother and smiled only to repeat the process again and again. This went on for approximately 15 minutes. JD would eventually...
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...Lecture 01 Nature & Scope of Biological Science What is Biology? A brief history. Biology today. Group of organisms being studied. Approach taken to the study of organisms. New definition of Biology. Why study Biology? Aspects of Science Science has two aspects. It is both (1) a body of knowledge and (2) a method used for discovering new knowledge. What is biology? The word biology comes from the Greek words bios, which means life, and logos, which means thought. Thus, biology is the science that deals with the study of life. Origin of Life |According to this theory, about 15 billion years ago (15,000,000,000) the Universe was nothing more than a very small speck of mass. This speck| |was probably no bigger than the head of a pin. Everything in the Universe, all the galaxies, stars, planets, and even the matter making up your| |body, was squished up tightly in this tiny space. | |Eventually, after a very long time, this speck exploded. All of a sudden, in a giant flash of unimaginable heat and power, the Universe was | |born. Over a period of billions and billions of years, the Universe became what we see today. Slowly stars began to form, and around these | |stars planets formed. | |About 4.6 billion years ago our Earth looked very different...
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...Assessment Portfolio and Analysis Carolyn Lake ECE 354 Assessment and Intervention During Early Childhood Instructor Karla Cannon November 13, 2013 Table of Contents Mission statement…………..................................................................3 Partial portfolio…………………………………………………………4 Anecdotal Record Form…………………………………………………….8 Event Sampling Form……………………………………………………….9 My mission is to help the students to advance so that he/she can accomplish their goal of learning and growing. My goal is to determine what a child has learned, what the individual already know and how much more the child is prepared to learn by assessing the child. The purpose of assessment is used for an assortment of reasons “it helps the teacher to keeping track of learning, diagnosing reading and writing difficulties, determining eligibility for programs, evaluating programs, evaluating teaching, and reporting to others. Underlying all these purposes is a basic concern for improving teaching and learning. In the United States it is common to use testing for accountability, but the ultimate goal remains the improvement of teaching and learning. (IRA, n.d.) I know that it is the teacher’s responsibility to test her students so that she understands where each individual stand so I am able to determine placement for the child. My plan for including assessments when I am working with children is so that I am able to assess the...
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...Erik Peterson Starting a new position does not always go as planned. For Erik Peterson, a newly appointed GM, he faced problems in concerns to the turn on date for Green Mountain Cellular Telephone Company (GMCT). Problems delaying the date began right away. Erik planned on reporting to the tough and impressive president of CelluComm the fast growing cellular company, Ric Jenkins, however he was reporting to Jeff Hardy, Director of Budgets and Plans of CelluComm. Another problem Erik faced was the frequently used subcontractor company that was constructing the cell towers was behind schedule and facing complaints from citizens related to cutting private property. To make matters even more complicated, Curt Andrews the Chief Engineer at GMCT was a poor planner and failed to prepare the five activities necessary for the turn on date. To help pick up the pace, Erik hired three more young professionals who unfortunately did not have a lot of experience in the industry but did have impressive credentials. When Curt and another employee found out about the new employee's salaries, their protests led to the new employee taking a pay cut. Another obstacle was that the equipment selection was delayed because headquarters delayed decisions and made changes to the specified equipment resulting in constant changes in patterns for GMCT. Altogether, Peterson faced problems with communication, employees, money, subcontractors, citizens, zoning, and time constraints. Luckily...
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...4 5 6 7 7 8 8 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2 Introduction 3 Wireless Sensor Network 3.1 The Basics of WSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 Components of Sensor Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Key Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Types of Sensor nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Constraints in WSNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Applications of WSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Security Threats in WSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Cellular Automata 4.1 Reversible Cellular Automata 5 Deployment issues in WSN with specific focus on authentication 5.1 5.2 Authentication of Cluster Head and Base Station . . . . . . . . . Authentication of Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13 13 14 15 15 15 16 6 Schemes as well as Supporting claims 6.1 6.2 6.3 Cloning attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Replay Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Man-in-the-middle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Conclusion List of Figures 1 2 3 4 5 Wireless sensor Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Components of Sensor Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WSN with three types of sensor nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elementary CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reversible Cellular Automata . . . . ....
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...Are perceptual abilities innate? Psychologists have argued whether perceptual abilities are innate or due to a nurturing process. Gibson and Walk (1960), Bower et al. (1965), Slater et al. (1990) etc. supported that we are born to have perceptual abilities. However there are many studies that criticised their experiments were insufficient enough to prove it is innate. They argued that past experiment and knowledge are needed to build up perceptual abilities; also there are some researchers who state that environmental factors are also a requirement for us to develop perceptual abilities. There were many infant studies which supported that perceptual abilities are innate. Gibson and Walk (1960) have studied and tested whether infants could distinguish depth by the time they know how to move (i.e. crawl). They aimed to test whether perceptual behaviors of infants were an innate characteristic of humans and non-humans. They have tested 36 infants aged 6-14 months for depth perception, by putting the infants on the visual cliff. Infants were put in the middle of the half transparent visual cliff, and their mother was standing on the other side. If the infants wanted to crawl to their mother, they had to crawl through the transparent side. As a result, infants would not cross to the transparent side of the cliff - meaning that the depth perception ability is innate. Moreover, to increase the reliability of the study, non-human animals such as chicks and goats were used in this experiment...
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...Chapter 1: Introduction to Zoology Concept of Science • Frings and Frings - defined science as an organized body of knowledge that is gained and verified by exact observation and experimentation and organized by logical thinking. • Schafersman - defined science as a method of discovering reliable knowledge about nature. • Science is factual. • Science is not merely compiled. • Science is a way of asking questions about the natural world. • Guided by natural laws (physical & chemical). • Questions must be testable. Always open to new evidence. • Falsifiable. • It applies scientific and CRITICAL THINKING. When is scientific thinking applied? 1. When one uses the scientific method 2. When one investigate nature or the universe 3. Practice by all scientists 4. Not reserved solely for scientist, anyone can think like a scientist Fields of Science 1. Social Science – deals with human relationships 2. Abstract science – deals with abstract ideas 3. Natural sciences • Physical Science – deals with non-living entity • Biological Science – deals with the living entity The Scientific Method - The most important tool in search for truth - An organized method of gathering information based on observation and controlled testing of hypothesis 1. Observation and/or Review of Literature 2. Problem 3. Hypothesis Formulation 4. Testing of hypothesis 5. Conclusions or generalizations Theory Scientific fact/principle/law Theory – is...
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...myself and iBottom of Form The Scientific Method Psychology is, like any science, a branch of knowledge that deals with a body of facts systematically arranged and shows the operation of general laws. In all sciences, including psychology, a special procedure, the scientific method, must be used to collect data to answer a question or to solve a problem. The scientific method not only answers the question at hand but also is used to construct scientific theories. A theory is systematically organized knowledge applicable in a wide variety of circumstances. (The amount of information available in any science is too vast to be useful unless it is organized through the use of theories.) Theories are also used to predict events or to answer questions in a specific scientific discipline. In psychology, theories are used to organize and predict behavior and mental processes. The findings of a particular study may support or lead to the alteration of a theory.While the scientific method doesn't provide a step-by-step recipe for dealing with specific circumstances, it does provide general guidelines for the following procedures in any scientific data collection. Formulation of the problem, design of the study, collection of data, analysis of data, conclusions drawn from data. The description of a study, its procedures, and its conclusions is frequently published as an article in a scientific journal. Careful attention to following the scientific method allows a second investigator to replicate or refute the...
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...The Placebo Effect Theodis Holmes Liberty University Abstract The placebo effect is an amazing phenomena that presents the mind with the idea that we can heal ourselves or make ourselves sick by just using our thoughts. From a psychological point of view, a person is given medication that effects the prefrontal cortex with the periaqueductal gray matter that modulates the transmission of pain information to the brain. The placebo effect allows a person to believe that something fake could become real, because of someone’s perspective of it. The placebo effect works on the neurochemistry in the brain sending pain relievers to parts of the body where the pain was, by acting as the actual pain reliever. In light of the placebo effect, it’s not what you go through that matters, it’s how you feel about it. This paper will explain the history of the placebo effect from a biblical Christian worldview, the positives and the negatives of the placebo effect, while explaining why the placebo effect is so effective. While researching for this paper, I recalled a conversation that I had with my mother a few years back; it was disclosed to me that in 1962, my grandfather was in the hospital with cancer. My mother, sister, and I were discussion the effectiveness of doctors and the generic medication that gets prescribed to certain patients who can’t afford the expensive ones. My father died three years ago from prostate cancer, two weeks after having surgery. Before the surgery...
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...Contents: FHSB 1214 FHSC 1214 Biology I Cell Biology Introduction Practical 1 Practical 1 Cell Biology Biological Studies I molecules I Practical 2 Practical 2 Cell Biology Biological Studies II molecules II Practical 3 Cell Biology Studies III Practical 4 Cell Biology Studies IV Practical 8 Cell Biology Studies VIII Practical 5 Cell Biology Studies V Practical 6 Cell Biology Studies VI Practical 7 Cell Biology Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis...
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...Contents: FHSB 1214 FHSC 1214 Biology I Cell Biology Introduction Practical 1 Practical 1 Cell Biology Biological Studies I molecules I Practical 2 Practical 2 Cell Biology Biological Studies II molecules II Practical 3 Cell Biology Studies III Practical 4 Cell Biology Studies IV Practical 8 Cell Biology Studies VIII Practical 5 Cell Biology Studies V Practical 6 Cell Biology Studies VI Practical 7 Cell Biology Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis...
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