...Abstract In this article, I introduce the Chinese Healthcare System. From establishment of the People's Republic of China till now, the Chinese healthcare have a lot of changes and revolutions. Due to the special social and economic structure, Chinese healthcare system is different from other countries healthcare system. This article will explain how dose Chinese healthcare system work? What problems dose it have? How can we manage those problems? Background After the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the country was recovering from the chaos of long conflicts both internally and with Japan. As a result, Chinese health conditions had declined, with health indicators at the lowest level compared with other countries at a comparable level of development (World Bank, 2004). In this period, communist party who have the whip hand support the model of the 20th century communism ideology, and trust people should to be represented by the government, should have all production together: without the private department. Formation of the Chinese healthcare system. Therefore, since 1949, the Chinese government has gradually established a free medical care, labor insurance and cooperative medical care system as the main content of the health care system, and initially formed a socialist country's health care system. The government owned, funded, and ran all health care facilities, including large hospitals in urban areas and small township clinics in the countryside...
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...kilometers with a population of 1.35 billion, China is the world's second-largest country by land and the largest country by population. Knowing this, healthcare must be one of the most important issues in China. As China becomes more populated, there is becoming a greater need for health care professionals, quality health care facilities, technological improvements, and most importantly a proper amount of funding to support a successful health care system. However, recently, China has been struggling in regards to health care. There has been a widening gap in health status between urban and rural residents, correlated with increasing gaps in income and health care utilization. There have also been drastic changes in health care financing, including a dramatic reduction of insurance cover for the rural population. In 1949, the Chinese government took complete control of the healthcare system. Under the Chinese government, the country’s officials, rather than local governments largely determined access to health care. Referring to an article, “Equity in Health and Health Care: The Chinese Experience”, written in the Social Science and Medicine Journal, Yuanli Liu, William Hsiao, and Karen Eggleston exaggerate that the rural areas were in the biggest need for a healthcare reform during the late 1940s era. The authors explain (1999) “The Rural Cooperative Medical System (RCMS) was established as a three-tier system for rural healthcare access. The RCMS functioned on a pre-payment...
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...An Economic Analysis of Health Care in China (draft 8/8/06) Gregory C Chow Princeton University Abstract After describing the institutions for health care in China as they evolved since 1949, this paper presents statistical demand functions for health care. It applies the demand functions to explain the rapid increase in health care demand and the resulting rapid increase in price when supply failed to increase. The failure in increase in supply was traced to the system of public supply of healthcare in China. The reform experience of Suqian city in the privatization of healthcare is reported to demonstrate the positive effect of privatization on supply. The government’s health care program for the urban and rural population is described and an evaluation of it is provided. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Changes in Health Care Institutions 3. Demand Functions for Health Care 4 Supply for Health Care: Public or Private? 5. Government’s Program for Health Care 6. Evaluation of the Current Health Care System 7. Conclusion 1. Introduction With a population of over 1.3 billion China has received much attention, including its spectacular economic development since 1978 and the accompanied deterioration of health care for a substantial segment of its large rural population. Section 2 of this paper...
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...HealthCare System in CHINA HADM 5032 Amrutha Kurakula 03/29/2015 UHCL HONESTY CODE “I will be honest in all my academic activities and will not tolerate dishonesty.” Submission of this exam/assignment certifies my compliance with the UHCL Honesty Code that I signed at the start of the semester. I pledge on my honor that I have complied with this policy, inclusive of not acquiring unauthorized information or assistance, not providing others with unauthorized information or assistance, avoiding...
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...established by the Rockefeller Foundation in 1917, is located in Dongcheng District, Beijing, China (Peking Union Medical College). The Rockefeller Foundation entered China with the objective of building modern, westernized medical schools in both Peking and Shanghai. It purchased the Union Medical College from the London Missionary Society in 1915 and built a faculty of over fifty professors and upgraded facilities after which it was renamed to the Peking Union Medical College (The Rockefeller Foundation). Both John D. Rockefeller, Sr and his son considered China to be of significant interest, especially after Frederick Gates, their advisor, propelled them to give more attention to that region. The 1914 China Medical Commission, dispatched by the Rockefeller Foundation, carried out a medical education survey which found awfully low standards in medicine education and healthcare throughout the nation. The report concluded that the need for external assistance was great due to scarce resources within the nation (Ninkovich). Thus the China Medical Board, one of the first operating divisions of the Rockefeller Foundation, was...
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...Topic: Advancing the Medical Tourism industry in China Abstract Medical tourism is a lucrative industry but China is losing out in the competition of this challenging industry. The aim of this study is to analyze why China’s medical tourism industry is not performing as well as countries such as India or Thailand, and also to provide insights on how to go about leveraging on certain medical procedures that China have a comparative advantage in performing. This study resulted in two findings. Firstly, there is a lack of hospitals with JCI accreditation which we found out was due to a lack of motivation from public hospitals to do so, and also a lack of transparency in the management of the Chinese hospitals. Secondly, we found that the three medical procedures with the biggest potential to spearhead the success of medical tourism in China are Heart Bypass Surgery, Hip Replacement Surgery and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Keywords: Medical Tourism China JCI Contents Page Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What is Medical Tourism 1 1.2 Reasons for the popularity of Medical Tourism 2 1.3 Why do patients seek care at medical tourism destinations? 4 1.3.1 Low Cost 4 1.3.2 Avoid Waiting lists 6 1.3.3 Procedure not available in home country 6 1.3.4 Procedures unavailable or restricted by society and/or legal system 7 1.3.5 Tourism and vacations 7 1.3.6 Privacy and Confidentiality 7 Chapter 2 Global Market overview of Medical Tourism Industry...
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...A bitter pill as China crackdowns squeeze pharma margins A crackdown on corruption and pricing in China's fast-growing pharmaceutical market has squeezed profits and margins, raising a red flag to global Big Pharma that the days of easy growth in the country may be over. A Reuters' analysis of more than 60 listed Chinese healthcare firms shows average profit margins declined to around 10 percent last year from 15 percent in 2012. Average net profits fell 2.1 percent, down from close to 20 percent growth in previous years. China has been a magnet for the big global pharmaceutical companies and other healthcare firms as growth slows in Europe and the United States. It is the largest emerging drugs market and is set to be the global number two overall within three years, according to consultancy IMS Health. While global drugmakers withhold their China profit figures, the analysis suggests profit growth is harder to come by - a concern as many global firms look to China as a future growth driver. "Most companies, local and foreign, have enjoyed an easy growth phase for 5-6 years as money was thrown at the healthcare system to improve access," said Alexander Ng, Hong Kong-based associate principal at McKinsey & Co. "Now China is more into cost containment mode... and the squeeze on pricing and margins is a lot more apparent." Over the past year, China has cracked down on high prices and corruption in the healthcare sector. Authorities probed drugmakers over pricing...
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...Thinking China’s chronic disease challenge Marc Yates, Director of Emerging Markets, looks at the chronic disease challenge in China and asks what it means for China’s healthcare policy and to global pharmaceutical companies looking to operate in this double-digit growth market. In 2012 the urban population exceeded the rural population for the first time. Urbanisation brings significant benefits such as improved sanitation, greater affordability and increased access to healthcare. It also changes the disease paradigm with a reduction of infectious diseases but an increase in diseases of affluence, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The diabetes problem Research from Peking University suggests that China now has more diabetes patients than even India and it is hitting the country hard. In 2007 almost 600,000 adult deaths in China were directly attributable to diabetes, and there was a significant gender difference, with males accounting for 57% of all diabetes-related deaths. And the diabetes problem is not getting any easier. The International Diabetes Federation predicts the health expenditure to increase by an average of 20% between 2007 to 2025 across the Western Pacific region. However during the same period spending on diabetes in China is forecasted to grow by 49%. Health expenditure for diabetes 2007 US$ (‘000) 2025 US$ (‘000) % Increase China Western Pacific 6,488,040 53,886,502 9,658,294 65,105,380 49% 20% source International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes...
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...D. Legal System 1. Organization of the judiciary system There are three basic hierarchical courts in China, each of them takes care of specific groups or regions, the courts are: The Supreme Court, whose judges are appointed by the Nationals People’s Congress, Local People’s Courts, which comprises higher, intermediate, and basic courts, and the Special People’s Courts, which take care of maritime, military, railway transportation and forestry courts. China’s organization of the judiciary system differs a lot from the United States one. The fact that the country does not have an independent legal system outside of the influence of the communist party makes it hard for citizens and people responsible to act effectively when attending legal manners. Another issue that affects China’s legal system is the lack of neutrality, since the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) is the entity in charge of approving all court appointments, meaning that if a case does not benefit the party, it won’t go through, in addition the judges main concern is to act on behalf of the party not the people. The CCP even has the power to interfere in deliberations and can overturn and override verdicts. Finally, the country does not have enough legal force (lawyers), since there is one lawyer per 10,000 people. An interesting characteristic of China’s legal system that benefits businesses is the fact that lawyers and judges are trained to protect foreign investment, to create a safe environment for international...
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...in 2002 a. Technological change: + Genomics and healthcare information technology such as Digital Imaging, Electronic Patient Records and Disease Management Systems make personalized medicine and personalized diagnostics possible. Moreover, healthcare practice move from cure to prevention. These changes require expertise in biomedical sciences rather than in engineering and physics; and also investment, collaboration with pharmaceutical companies which facilitate the creation of imaging equipment necessity to alter GEMS business model which is away from engineering heritage toward bio-chemistry and develop drug based on genetic code for specific individual, or small group rather than entire population. b. Demographic change: + Population were aging in advanced nation, implied fewer working-age people to pay for more intense care while the emerging middle-classes if Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America were increasingly aware of, and needed, better healthcare. This requires the shift in distribution of healthcare equipment in these countries (more for Asia, Eastern and Latin America) and the change in market segment of healthcare equipment. + Global information flows made healthcare disparities between developed and developing nations more stark and unacceptable. Thus, concentrating more on developing world needs great effort investment and customization. c. Fierce competition: + Siemens is leading in healthcare IT, which is a great advantage for them to thrive in...
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...the transition of the European market for medical devices. These changes where produced because of the entrance of Tyco Healthcare, a global healthcare products company. This company sought favorable contracts with few distributors. The willingness to take GENICON's products increases and this fact helps the company success. Finally, another reason of success could be the strategy of the company, very focused of carrying out deep studies to choose the right countries. Factors as taxes, tariffs, regulations, exchange rates, etc. were taken into account. 2.Apply Country Portfolio Analysis (see Distance Still Matters) to the markets GENICON is considering entering. You may use the combination of industry statistics and country indicators (such as GDP per capita). Which country makes the most sense from this perspective? In order to study these countries we will focus on the GPD, GPD growth, GPD per capita, population and land. In the picture below we can see that China has the best numbers regarding GDP and its growth. Nevertheless, due to this large population the GDP per capita, data that reflects the wealth of the families, is low. Anyway, as the healthcare system is not paid by the families but the government, there are opportunities in this market and it seems they will continue growing. So from this point of view the country I would choose would be China, but there are more factors related to the success of a company. 1 On the other hand, Brazil has the 2nd...
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...BCRC document: China - Healthcare Providers. Business & Company Resource Center ________________________________ Datamonitor Industry Market Research , Feb 13, 2012 pNA China - Healthcare Providers. Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2012 Datamonitor MarketDefinition The healthcare providers sector is valued as total expenditure on healthcare in each country. This includes final consumption spending on healthcare goods and services. Goods and services in this sector include inpatient, outpatient, long-term medical care, medical goods including pharmaceuticals and supplies, and collective services such as administration requirements. Public spending (e.g. by national and local governments, social security schemes) and private spending (e.g. payments made by private-sector health insurers and individual out-of-pocket expenditures) are both included. Any currency conversions used in the creation of this report have been calculated using constant 2010 annual average exchange rates. For the purposes of this report, Asia-Pacific comprises Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. ResearchHighlights *The Chinese healthcare providers sector is expected to generate total revenue of $303.9 billion in 2011, representing a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.9% between 2007 and 2011. *The outpatient care segment is expected to be the sectors most lucrative in 2011, with total revenue of $106.4 billion...
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...Shifts: The Future of Pensions and Healthcare in a Rapidly Ageing World Interim Report World Economic Forum, January 2008 The World Economic Forum would like to express special thanks to Mercer (Marsh & McLennan Companies) for its strong contribution to the Financing Demographic Shifts Initiative and the development of this document. In addition, the World Economic Forum would like to thank all active contributors from a broad range of Industry Partners, international organizations, leading academia and policymaking institutions for their ongoing support and guidance. All names of the members of the Advisory Board and Expert Group of this initiative will be included in the final scenarios report (to be published in the second half of 2008). The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum 91-93 route de la Capite CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva Tel.: +41 (0)22 869 1212 Fax: +41 (0)22 786 2744 E-mail: contact@weforum.org www.weforum.org @ 2008 World Economic Forum All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproducted or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system. Contents Introduction Executive Summary Demographic Shifts Key Challenges for Pensions and Healthcare in Developed and Less Developed Countries Key Driving Forces Shaping the Future of Pensions and Healthcare Globally Some Key Insights from the...
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...practice in order for the citizen to take care of themselves, family and the community: increase the number of people to approach the healthcare information, avoid disease,, (85%) + Increase the public campaign on healthcare education and engage the citizen in health education campaign. (90% engagement of household) + Build relationship with the press and media to promote healthcare education. ( meetings conference to propose strategy to improve health) Zika virus, Rubella virus Healthcare, the importance. Government’s objective son healthcare * To ensure the citizen receive the initial latest healthcare service, increase the accessibility to high quality health service, ensure metal and physical safety, reduce the disease rate, increase life quality. Cu the: + Increase the quality of public hospital, + Birthrate control + Ensure efficient medicine for all people, family, + Increase the expertise of doctors, nurses, + Increase the number of doctors, nurses in rural areas. .. (http://gfcd.org.vn/chi-tiet-tin/chien-luoc-quoc-gia-bao-ve-cham-soc-va-nang-cao-suc-khoe-nhan-dan-giai-doan-2011-2020-tam-nhin-den-nam-2030.html) * Recently, Nguyen Thi Kim Tien has good strategy to boost up the health system. Her contribution includes: reduce bribery in hospital, operating hotline, set up camera in big hospital or operating family doctor system in which doctors received comprehensive training to cure any disease. Although there are several few major happens in recent years:...
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...9 -3 1 3 -0 1 6 REV: AUGUST 1, 2014 REGINA E. HERZLINGER NATALIE KINDRED Shanghai Pharmaceuticals With 2011 revenues of $8.67 billion, 1 Shanghai Pharmaceuticals (SPH), a vertically integrated Chinese pharmaceutical conglomerate, produced active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), chemical and biological drugs, and traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs); distributed its own and other drug makers’ products to hospitals and other customers; and operated a chain of retail pharmacies. The company—essentially a collection of subsidiaries operating under a unified management structure— was formed through the 2009 merger of several state-owned enterprises (SOEs), part of a broad policy effort in China to streamline state assets, consolidate the fragmented pharmaceutical sector, and enhance the global competitiveness of domestic firms. Emblematic of China’s hybrid economic policies, SPH had both government and private shareholders and competed in a historically statecontrolled industry that was adapting to the growing influence of market forces. SPH’s initial public offering (IPO) on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2011 marked an important step in its quest to transform from a traditional SOE into a market-oriented company. While working to expand SPH’s domestic footprint, the company’s leadership was also considering a potential acquisition of a U.S. or European drug producer, an unusual move for a Chinese company. SPH could leverage such an acquisition to learn from Western research...
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