...stimulation- and actively assimilates these experiences into a picture of self and the world. This is an interactive stage, as the baby tries to explore and get the parent to pay attention. If the world is not responsive to the baby’s needs, s/he develops a sense of mistrust. Some mistrust is useful, as complete naiveté or gullibility puts a person at risk. In a healthy resolution, there is more trust than mistrust however, allowing the person to connect with others and trust them. * The virtue developed is Hope. 2. Autonomy vs. shame, doubt * During the second year of life the toddler develops a sense of autonomy and self control, due in part to toilet training and motor development, walking and climbing. The psychological issue is broader, though, including the concepts of holding on and letting go. Adults that support toddlers’ exploration and protect them from their vulnerability build in a sense of personal control. Those who are over-protected or shamed by their experiences or parents’ discipline develop a sense of doubt in their efforts at independence. Autonomy should prevail in a healthy development, but some shame and doubt enable moral development and safety awareness. * The virtue developed is Will. 3. Initiative vs. guilt * From 4 – 5 years old children learn what kind of person to be, based on identification with parents (Freud’s Oedipal complex and gender identity development) Children are interested in sexuality and sex differences...
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...ACT for Youth Center of Excellence A collaboration of Cornell University, University of Rochester, and New York State Center for School Safety ACT for (Trans) Youth, Part 1 March 2008 Growing Up Transgender: Research and Theory by Seth T. Pardo As transgender identities become increasingly visible, those who work with and those who love trans youth seek resources to understand what it means to grow up “trans.” With little to guide us, adults may fall back on outdated theories or confuse transgender and gay identities. This article offers an introduction to current research and theory behind transgender identity formation, and suggests a framework for understanding gender that moves beyond a rigid binary system. Part two of this series will focus on moving from risk to resilience with trans youth. Gender is one of the few characteristics we are conditioned to see as a binary construct; height, weight, IQ, and hair length, for example, are all perceived along continuums. Also, because Western society is deeply rooted in the notion that there are only two sexes, our language keeps us trapped in a binary discourse about gender. At birth we are named and identified by our external sexual (genital) features; soon after, we develop sexspecific behaviors or gender roles based on our social experiences as males and females. But sometimes a child demonstrates cross-gendered behaviors, or thinks s/he should have been born (or even is) the opposite sex. Cross-gender identification...
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...1892 that the term homosexuality was first used. A homosexual (2011), according to Merriam Webster Online, “of or having sexual desire for those of the same sex.” In order to understand the development of identity of homosexuals, it is first important to be mindful of the framework of sexuality in general. The term homosexuality is used to depict the comprehension of sexuality however; in today’s society; the preferred verbiage to define individuals is being gay or lesbian. Homosexuality and Life-span Development Sullivan and Schneider (1987) argue that homosexual coming out in youth has to be seen from a non-derogatory developmental perspective. In an attempt to react to the unique pressures found in adolescents showing an increasing gay or lesbian identity, psychologists and counselors must become familiar with the distinctive development of gay and lesbian adolescents, in addition to the sexual identity development literature in general. Reviewing the developmental issues of gay and lesbian adolescents creates thoughts concerning developing services to assist them. Often times, adults are hesitant to pay attention to adolescent communications concerning sexuality. These feelings begin to arise during what Erik Erikson has defined as stage 5: Ego Development Outcome: Identity vs. Role Confusion and more often than not, when adolescents refer to themselves as gay or lesbian, it is written off as experimentation, an adjustment reaction, or simply a phase (Niolon, 2011). While...
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...Does social media shape our identities? Some people believe that social media brings many positive to our lives. While others believe it is full of negativity. Social media impacts our identities by influencing internal and external forces within ourselves and the environment, self-esteem, and causes many psychological concerns. Our self-identities are how we view ourselves as individuals. According to Jim Taylor a professor at the University of San Francisco, self-identity is gained in two ways. One-way identity is gained is by evaluating our own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors based on experiences, current needs, and future goals (Taylor 2011). Second, self-identity can be gained by observing the environment that surrounds...
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...The Impact of Gender Identity and Sexuality has on Adolescents Holly Kidd Liberty University Abstract The purpose of this paper is to not only to identify how and why gender identity and sexuality has such a huge impact on many of the lives of adolescents but also how they tend to deal with each. The period of adolescence tends to be a difficult time for many teenagers because of all the physical and even some emotional changes they experience through the adolescence period and unfortunately some tend to keep experiences and are even affected long after the adolescence period. In order, to identify how and why gender identity and sexuality but also note all the possible affects each one has on adolescents and how to deal with each situation. Finally, offer suggestions (such as identify ways to love one's self to showing one how to express themselves in a positive ways but also by offering counseling sessions to continue to learn how to understand themselves) for better solutions, which would benefit the lives of adolescents for many years to come. In the typical life of an adolescent it supposed to be the best years of that adolescent's life. But unfortunately that is not the case for many adolescents because many of them become victims of different types of bullying, which includes the impacts of Gender Identity and Sexuality. The word adolescent means becoming an adult (Isaacs, 2013 p.881), in which, all adolescents look forward too. However, some adolescents...
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...adolescents, lowering “substance use, stronger antidrug norms and increased resiliency” by researchers (Soto et al., 2015). The constructive aspects of such group activities were supported by a study on the healthy development of adolescents, where researchers Meschke et al., (2012) stated that “structured activities with peers are most beneficial in promoting prosocial behavior”, which can help them succeed in society. Native American adolescents can use their tribal identity to shield them from other harmful occurrences on the reservation, strengthening their goals for the future. This form of cultural identification helped to “lower levels of hopelessness” among reservation dwelling Native Americans when compared to natives living off the reservation in one study (Stumblingbear-Riddle & Romans, 2012). A sense of identity is important for the development of adolescence as Erik Erickson’s fifth stage of development, identity vs. role confusion emphasizes (Meschke et al., 2012). Tribal identity enhances the “overall wellbeing, positive self-concept, collective identity, sense of belonging, and positive relationships with family and community members” of Native American...
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...acquaintances which could never otherwise emerge in real world. These are just few examples of how Internet reshaped our everyday lives and as a new means of interaction. However, it cannot also be denied that computer-mediated communication, which is a basis of Internet contacts, goes much further bringing traditional understanding of “self” and community to the new levels. For many people today Internet represents a tool in negotiating their problems by developing their own personas online as well as bringing people together in the communal sense. One of the main Web trends that have a profound impact on personal expression and, therefore, identity quest is blogging. John Dvorak studied the phenomena of online diaries and stressed several reasons that made them so popular. Among those reasons are: a) ego gratification through belief that what one is writing maybe important to others; b) antidepersonalization by stressing one’s personality and uniqueness; c) elimination of frustration by expressing one’s dissatisfaction with the outside world and d) societal need to share one’s thoughts and feelings (Dvorak 257). Therefore, blogging represents a healthy way to relieve frustration for ones and share thoughts and pains for the others. Snider further enhanced this idea, concluding...
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...Self identity What Is Self Identity? Self-identity is how you think of yourself and what you relate to. Primarily guided by the social aspects of the world, self-identity is how you perceive yourself and what you choose to identify with. You are born without awareness of yourself as a separate individual, and a sense of self develops over time. Other People Are Reading Influences "All identity is ultimately in relationship to something else," according to psychiatrists Mark Dombeck and Jolyn Wells-Moran of MentalHelp.net. Based on experiences, each person identifies and associates himself with something different, forming self-identity. People identify and create an identity based on factors such as gender, sexual orientation, nationality, religion, family, career, beliefs and values. Development As you age, self-identity becomes more intricate. Over time you develop a more complex sense of self, identifying not only with the "here" and "now," but also with "who" and "what" you want to be in the future. Self-esteem, or how you feel about yourself, is relevant to your interactions and relationships. Significance Basic to human existence, self-identity answers the questions, "Who am I?" and "Where do I fit in?" A person's sense of self can be positive or negative, and ranges in complexity, making self-identity one of the most studied areas of psychology. Self-identity motivates behavior and promotes understanding of the world. Components of Individual Identity ...
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...Developmental theories in psychology are efforts to comprehend the stages of one's growth and development. We recognize the stages throughout a child's lifespan to adulthood and the effects of environmental and social influences. These theories name the sources of growth, language and learning skills. The big debate in psychology is are these emotions caused by nature or nurture. It is impossible to tell which one is right. However both play an important role in a person's lifespan influencing the person we grow to be. All developmental theories have good points and can be the base to research and forming educated analyzes. They help us to better understand child development and social growth. Piaget's cognitive stages of development proposes that during each stage of a persons life from adolescence to adulthood new skills are learned. As a person develops in age their skills and abilities also progress. Piaget's theory consist of fours major developmental stages. They are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. The sensorimotor stage occurs from birth to the age of two. In this developmental stage children use simple motor activities such as looking, listening and touch understand and learn about their surrounding environment. The second stage preoperational stage ranges from ages 2 to 7. In this stage children mentally represent events and objects with figurative play. At this age children are unable to look at situations from other peoples...
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...people identity themselves by their band, family, or nation which allows them to show historical roots and connection to their ancestral land. Others use their matrilineal or patrilineal genealogy to connect them to a nation or traditional territory. Regardless of the connection, this ability to identify with a community has deeper significance than merely labelling oneself, it serves as a reminder of one's spiritual connection to land, culture, and traditions, and helps to solidify one's self-concept (First Nations Studies Program [FNSP],...
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...Having a healthy self-image, self-concept, and body awareness help them have a sense of security about themselves, teaches them to be confident, gives them a sense of belonging and being accepted, a sense of purpose and pride, becoming successful, and feeling empowered. Self-concept is the image or memories that you have about yourself that includes your physical, psychological, and social attributes which can be influenced by the individual's attitudes, habits, beliefs and ideas image of a being's knowledge and understanding of his or her self. Self-awareness is the awareness of the self as separate from the thoughts that are occurring at any point in time. It gives one the option or choice to choose thoughts being thought rather than simply thinking the thoughts that are stimulated by the accumulative events leading up to the circumstances of the moment. Body awareness is the sense that we have of our own bodies. It is an understanding of the parts that make up one's body, where they are located, how they feel, and even what they can do...
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...be focusing on identity formation, changes in self-perception, cognitive and emotional changes and the impact of the relationships of various characters in the film. Cher, the main protagonist, is at the top of the social food chain of her high school. She comes from a well off family and is presented as one who is self-assured and well-adjusted. Her life is strikingly different than most teenagers who struggle...
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...may affect the development of self- esteem. This essay will be discussing factors which may affect the development of self- esteem. The main topics that will be looked at are, the growth promoting climate, the looking glass self, self-actualisation, ego identity and constructing of self. . Carl Rogers’ person-centred approach to change and understanding personality and human relationships is focused on demonstrating the conditions required for enabling a growth-promoting climate and the tendency, creativity and empowerment of people to achieve their highest potential. The approach provides the conditions for a growth-promoting climate, a relationship that enables people to discover the capacity to use it for growth and change, it is a relationship that doesn’t position itself from a perspective of “how can I treat or cure, fix or change this person?”, instead from a place of “how can I provide a relationship which this person may use for their own individual growth?”. (PCA York’s 2006) The looking-glass self is a social psychological concept, created by Charles Horton Cooley in 1902, stating that a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others. The term refers to people shaping their self-concepts based on their understanding of how others perceive them. Cooley clarified that society is an interweaving and inter-working of mental selves. There are three main components of the looking-glass self which are: We imagine how we...
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...developments. These factors further influence the adolescent’s motivational and behavioral response to everyday life. Adolescents with a chronic condition may perceive these normal experiences as a major challenge compared to healthy adolescents, as their needs to cope with their chronic condition conflicts with typical teenage developments. Resilience is defined as a young person’s capacity to negotiate and successfully adapt to the everyday demands of their illness (Olsson et al., 2002). Identifying aspects that negatively impact on adolescents is vital in order to promote resilience. Health organizations have recognized this concern and have developed programs in an aim for adolescents to gain positive development to cope with chronic conditions. Emotional developments may become undesirable as a result of a chronic condition amongst adolescents. Santrock (2001) defines emotional development during adolescence as the establishment of an idealistic sense of identity in relation to others. Those that cope well with the emotional aspects of having a chronic illness have effectively achieved resilience. Resilience involves integrating the chronic illness, as a part of one’s self, which is vital as it enables adolescents to accept and establish a sense of self...
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...person would immediately know a lot about me just from looking around and observing the objects I have in my room. The stranger will find some good things and some some bad things about my identity that make me who I am. To find out more about me they will have to look deeper into all aspects of my objects to find out more about my true self. Usually, a person's room can be a direct reflection of their identity. As a college freshman that used to live in the dorms, I could see that fact in my own room. My old roommate and I have certain things in our space that portray our different identities. I believe that by analyzing a person or a “roommates” living space, one can find out a great deal about that persons identity, as well as, teach you so much about yourself....
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