...In: Philosophy and Psychology Reflection Paper The “Little Albert” Experiment was conducted by John B. Watson and Rosalie Raynor. Watson was interested in showing that emotional reactions could be classically conditioned or learned in people. He based his research off of Pavlov’s research with dogs. The participant in the experiment was “Albert B”, as Watson called him, but became known as Little Albert. Around 8 months, Little Albert was placed in a room and an experimenter stood behind him and made a loud noise by striking a hammer on a steel bar. He began to cry after hearing the sound a few times. At the age of 9 months, Watson and his counterpart, Rosalie Raynor, exposed Albert to a series of stimuli including a white rat, a rabbit, a monkey, masks, and burning newspapers and observed the boy’s reactions. He initially showed no fear of any of the objects. The next time Albert was exposed to the rat, Watson made a loud noise by striking the hammer on the steel bar. Naturally the child began to cry after hearing the loud noise. After repeatedly pairing the rat with the loud noise Albert began to cry by just simply seeing the rat. They also observed that stimulus generalization had occurred. Albert feared not just the white rat, but also a wide variety of similar white objects and furry objects. In this experiment the neutral stimulus was the white rat, the unconditioned stimulus was the loud noise, the unconditioned response was fear, the conditioned stimulus was the white...
Words: 348 - Pages: 2
...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
Words: 779 - Pages: 4
...Zarbo Engl 1121 13 Prof. Huebner Gloege Research Paper Draft 2 The Myths of Bully Breeds There is reason to believe that the bully breeds should be banned in America. Bully breeds are a category of dogs that consist of Bulldogs, Boxers Mastiffs, ect. I believe this opinion is unjust and completely ridiculous. The many breeds that fall into this category are many of the most popular breeds owned in homes across the country. These loving and loyal dogs are trying to escape the shadow of a bad reputation. In ancient Greece, the first category of bully breed was created. These strong headed dogs were called Molossers (Hart). Molossers are the ancestors of all bully breed dogs. They were larger dogs with thick muscular bodies, short necks and legs, medium sized diamond shaped ears, and short snouts (noses). Molossers were used for every day house guarding, livestock protection and also bull baiting. During bull baiting the dog would lay low to the ground, then when it had a clear shot, the dog would jump up and bite the bulls nose. The nose is the sensitive part of the bull. The bull would whip its head around and try to get the dog to let go. Many dogs were severely injured with broken bones and concussions but most dogs were killed. People back in this time found this amusing. Since the Molossers were used for bull baiting this is how they got the name “Bully Breeds.” The average dog in the category Bully Breeds, are larger dogs, although there are a few exceptions such...
Words: 2262 - Pages: 10
...The quality of written work is important. First, the caveat! I entreat those of you who are seasoned and excellent writers to not be offended by my comments below. You may rightly think that you don't need a mini-lecture on writing. Please bear with me. Read through the comments and use the ones you find to be relevant. As you might suppose, I have high expectations for the quality of writing produced by learners at the undergraduate level. I believe how well you state something is integral to the soundness of the content you are conveying; the two are intertwined. Imprecise or ungrammatical writing signals lack of conceptual crispness. "Good thinking" and "bad writing" usually do not coexist. In the workplace, excellent writing gets people's attention. Good writing signals leadership potential. Good writing is hard work. Each of you has had training in writing, and some of you know what the principles are. Putting them in practice is the challenge. If I had to boil down into a single thought or phrase what I think is most essential to effective writing, it would be this: attention to detail. Think precision. Precision is both a process and a product. Be sure your grasp of the English language is complete and correct. Here is an example of a common misuse of a word: "In today's discussion, we are going to hone in on the early weeks of the Civil War." The word "hone" means sharpen, as in sharpening a knife. It is the wrong word to use in the context above. A correct...
Words: 1799 - Pages: 8
...The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)[2][3] is a subspecies of the gray wolf (Canis lupus), a member of the Canidae family of the mammalian order Carnivora. The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both domesticated and feral varieties. The dog was the first domesticated animal[4] and has been the most widely kept working, hunting, and pet animal in human history. The word "dog" can also refer to the male of a canine species,[5] as opposed to the word "bitch" which refers to the female of the species. MtDNA evidence shows an evolutionary split between the modern dog's lineage and the modern wolf's lineage around 100,000 years ago but, as of 2013, the oldest fossil specimens genetically linked to the modern dog's lineage date to approximately 33,000–36,000 years ago.[4][6] Dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are also a source of meat.[7][8] In 2001, there were estimated to be 400 million dogs in the world.[9] Most breeds of dogs are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through...
Words: 15783 - Pages: 64
...just producing vocalizations/sounds, they generally do not count as having language. Many scientists and psychologists have debated the reasons why language is unique to humans and have come up with very different interpretations. However, one major hypothesis relates to the relationship between semantic memory and language production. This paper explores the nature and function of semantic memory, the basic functions of language, and stages in its production. Ultimately, this paper connects the two, explaining how humans’ possession of semantic memory may be the reason humans can produce language Nature and Function of Semantic Memory Semantic memory itself has been discussed extensively in the psychological literature. Specifically, it refers to particular memories that focus on meanings, understandings, and concepts. Unlike episodic memory, semantic memory focuses on things that are not specific to particular experiences. In other words, semantic memory would not include remembering what a person ate the previous day or what clothes someone was wearing. Instead, semantic memory would include things like remembering that dogs are animals and that desks are inanimate objects. These are both general, overarching concepts that people store in their semantic memory. On a larger scale, semantic memory is actually a subdivision of declarative memory and distinct from procedural or implicit memory. There are many functions of semantic memory. The main function is to...
Words: 1146 - Pages: 5
...Visual Information Processing Paper Laura Nancy Vargas PSYCH/64 December 2, 2013 Holly Berry Perception Paper Humans have a unique and wonderful device in how one sees. The eye and brain work together to turn the world into visual data one’s brain can understand and use. There are some eye conditions that inhibit the sight or the recognition of the shapes one sees. Research continues to overcome these conditions as well as to further understand the biochemical reaction that gives humans the sight and understanding one has of visual data. Included in the paper are some of the latest research methods. Describe Visual Information Processing The way a human eye and brain works together to produce visual data understandable to the brain is through a biochemical reaction to light turned into neural impulses by the brain. The section of the brain dedicated to interpreting vision is the visual cortex. . Light passes through the lens and the vitreous humor and falls on the retina at the back of the eye (J.R. Anderson, 2009, pg. 34). The retina includes the light sensing or photoreceptor cells. These cells change physical shape when exposed to light. The photoreceptor cells are of two kinds; rods and cones. At this point the photochemical process occurs that turns the information of the light, including shapes, texture, color, orientation, and depth, into neural impulses. Rods are the cells that when exposed to less light energy are responsible for less sharp images, the kind...
Words: 1582 - Pages: 7
...PERSONAL LEARNING STYLE AND THEORY PAPER Personal Learning Style and Theory Paper Charolette Giddings University of Phoenix PSYCH 538 Lifespan Development and Learning July 13, 2009 Personal Learning Style and Theory Paper One of the most interesting things a person can ever do is sit and figure out what they love out of life. It could be reading, dancing, studying, making crafts, playing sports and so forth. Whatever it is, it describes that person. As for myself, I am a round-about person that enjoys the smaller things in life. The following paragraphs will explain my individual learning styles, my strength, opportunity for growth, and an improvement strategy that will raise my areas of weakness. A learning[->0] style is a student's consistent way of responding to and using ways in their life to help with the context of learning. “A learning style is said to be the composite of characteristic cognitive, affective, and physiological factors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how a learner perceives, interacts with, and responds to the learning environment” (Webster, 2006). I believe that learning styles are those in educational conditions under which a student is most likely to learn. Thus, learning styles are not really concerned with "what" learners learn, but rather "how" they prefer to learn. There are 7 different learning styles that are described throughout this particular assessment: Visual, Social, Physical...
Words: 2158 - Pages: 9
...Wanda London March 17, 2015 Assignment 4-04 early childhood education AC1500230 Teachers in the primary grades have known for some time that children are entering school lacking the experiences upon which our educational expectations are built. We have assumed that children have spent their first years engaged in play at home but observation of four and five year olds in classrooms make it clear that many are unfamiliar with toys as basic as blocks. While leaders in the education field have finally recognized that children are starting school with deficits in language development, in fact, the deficits extend to virtually all areas of development including play. Societal changes are evident as many urban children are not permitted to play outdoors due to the violence in their neighborhoods. Further, parents respond to the techno-toy industry by investing in Nintendo instead of old-fashioned toys such as blocks. Children describe spending their time watching T.V. and playing video games. They are passive receivers of fleeting images on a screen which are not of their own creation. A vast majority of Kindergartners have not used scissors or crayons before entering school. As a result, they do not bring a repertoire of insights, a visual bank, to school built on personal experiences gained through play with objects and in places imagined or real. Children come to urban schools in observable states of shock, veterans of the war of poverty and violence. Ideally, the classroom...
Words: 1708 - Pages: 7
...SAMPLE I-SEARCH PAPER LIVING WITH ASTHMA What I Already Knew / What I Wanted to Know “Well, Annie, it looks like you have asthma,” our family physician informed me. I could not believe what I was hearing. I thought that I had been suffering from a very stubborn cold. Questions started going through my head as I listened to Dr. Davis explain my condition. I’m in high school. Aren’t I too old to get asthma now? How can I stay on the softball team? Will I still be able to go on camping and hiking trips with my family? I already knew that asthma is a chronic disease which affects the lungs and that certain medications help control the number and severity of asthma episodes. (That’s when the coughing and wheezing start.) I didn’t know much more than that. I needed to know more about what might trigger an asthma episode. Will I be able to keep up with other players on the softball team? Are there certain types of trees and plants that I should avoid? After much pleading and negotiating on my part, my parents had finally agreed that our family could have a dog. Will I be able to live with it? I made a list of the things I needed to know. From that list, I was able to form my research question: Can I effectively manage my asthma? Later, I was able to form an answer. The Story of My Search My search took about three weeks. I began my research by doing some background reading in the Encarta online encyclopedia. That site provided a definition of the...
Words: 2264 - Pages: 10
...Hello, my name is Tyler Minden, and today I will be discussing why Truman Capote wrote the book In cold blood. Capote was originally intrigued by a 300 letter article he read in a newspaper. Capote got most of his research through interviews, first interviewing Dick, Perry, and Dewey. That wasn’t enough, so he found Dick and Perry’s families, as well as Don Cullivan, the remaining Clutter family, and various other characters, or people who knew people who were unreachable. His childhood friend Harper Lee was also there helping with his interviews. He eventually amassed over 8000 pages of research for his book. Capote wrote the book to provide insight into the lives of Perry Smith, and Dick Hickock. We learn about Dick and Perry’s childhood....
Words: 1552 - Pages: 7
...COM 120 Entire Course http://homeworkgallery.com/index.php/product/com-120-entire-course/ http://homeworkgallery.com/index.php/product/com-120-entire-course/ COM 120 Week 1 Single Mother Single mothers in America” is the title that I have chosen for my persuasive essay. I feel that being a single mother myself I can relate to them on the same ground as I am living a life walking in the same shoes as them. “With great power comes great responsibility” is a well known line from the movie Spider man. COM 120 Week 1 Capital Letters 103 1. – At the turn of a new century and a new Millennium, many people are reflecting on the historical changes that have taken place during the past hundred years. – At the turn of a new century and a new millennium, many people are reflecting on the historical changes that have taken place during the past hundred years. 2. – In the late 1990s, Americans began making lists reflecting their choices of the greatest Events, Literature, People, and Films of the century. – In the late 1990s, Americans began making lists reflecting their choices of the greatest events, literature, people, and films of the century. 3. – Most Americans would agree that the two World Wars shaped the twentieth century and this country’s role in it. – Most Americans would agree that the two world wars shaped the twentieth century and this country’s role in it. COM 120 Week 1 Comma Splices and Fused Sentences 562 1. Most people are familiar...
Words: 5689 - Pages: 23
...punish those who commit crimes against one another and for those who break the laws in other ways. According to Pearson (2012), crime can be defined as conduct in violation of the state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse. Pearson (2012) also states, that “crime” depends on where you are, which means it is a daily routine for society and directly affects a person, place, and any witnesses associated with it. The American criminal justice system has many elements with crime as the major one. In essence, if there were no crime, there would be no need for a criminal justice system. The intention of this paper is to describe the elements of the criminal justice system and the process it goes through to prosecute a criminal. The research conducted will also describe the government structure and its relevance to the criminal justice system, the diverse elements, and the role law enforcement has with aiding society in maintaining social order and guidance. Law enforcement has many levels in America. There are federal, state, local police agencies, with the same goal of stopping crime, arresting suspects, and completing investigations when crimes are committed. Nevertheless, police are accountable for so much more than people realize. Law enforcement would rather crimes not occur, and for this reason, agencies increase their funding trying to deter criminals or prevent crime (Schmalleger, 2011). In this post-9/11...
Words: 1118 - Pages: 5
...Slaves and the Courts, 1740-1860 Katrina N. Hill American Public University System Abstract Years of research routinely done on the life of African American slaves and their struggles within the United States. However, many have forgotten about the injustice African American slaves faced in the United States Court system. During 1740-1860 African American slaves endured not only enslavement but, were neglected by the U. S. Courts. A number of slaves tried to secure their own freedom, only to find the legal system was not on their side. The United States Courts was responsible for hearing and ruling on some of the country’s most controversial cases. The research in this paper was greatly influenced by previous works, with the hopes of shedding light on the United States court systems as it related to African American slaves in this time frame. Slaves and the Courts, 1740-1860 According to Lubert (2010) Slavery has been the great moral failing of the American Revolution… a movement that was based on the self-evident truth that all men were created equal. The founding fathers believed that slavery was in fact an embarrassing contradiction that violated everything the American Revolution stood for (Lubert, 2010.). Even though documents such as the Declaration of Independence existed slavery was widely practiced and legally acceptable. Nearly twenty years after the Declaration of Independence was written. Fugitive slave law was...
Words: 1179 - Pages: 5
...Design for Elderly Friendly Nurul Hidayah Ahmad Alemi SYS 705 Advanced Interaction Design Universiti Teknologi MARA nurul0903@yahoo.com Abstract—A number of senior citizen population or elderly people increased every year. There are many difficulties and weaknesses involve as we get older such as cognitive disabilities, memory decline, poor vision, thus the assistive technology nowadays should follows some design specification that suitable for an elderly to satisfy and simplify their everyday life needs. Hence, this paper attempts to discuss about the issues, concept, applications and design for elderly friendly in details. Keywords—Elderly: Assistive Technology: Design for Elderly. II. ISSUES In the past few years, people assume elderly pathetic, poor and unfortunate also useless. They have been national development and nation. On the other hand, designer should follow some design guidelines on how to design the assistive technology or application that suitable for the elderly depending on their type of impairment or disabilities. considered not so important in the community. Nowadays, community realize that the elderly should involve or participate in the social and community activities as they had a lot of knowledge, experience and I. INTRODUCTION Elderly is defined as aged 60 years and above. The number of older people is rapidly increasing in Malaysia and also in developing countries [1],[2]. The rapid wisdom that can be shared to give some ideas in the requirement...
Words: 2301 - Pages: 10
