...lecture and power-point notes compare and contrast the compromises of 1820 and 1850. Slavery came about in America in 1619 (RN). It lasted through the American Revolution, even after Thomas Jefferson scripted his famous lines in the Declaration of Independence, "All men are created equal. They are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights. That among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." Clearly, slaves were not part of this included in Jefferson's words. When it came time to write the Constitution, the word "slavery" was never used. Instead, the framers chose to use the term "other people." These other people were counted as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of representation in Congress according to the Three-Fifths Compromise (RN). This compromise kept slavery in the United States unharmed. The framers also decided not to do anything about the issue of slavery for twenty years. Prior to the American Civil War, many different compromises were made in an attempt to hinder the growing disagreements. However, this only extended the unavoidable events that would occur. The differences between North and South were far to great and compromise did not stand a chance at preventing the imminent conflict. This was most clearly shown in the ways in which the two main compromises: the Compromise of 1820, also known as the Missouri Compromise, and the Compromise of 1850 failed. In 1820 Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state. Prior to...
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...Caldwell Calhoun was born at Abbeville, South Carolina of United States on March 18, 1782. He was the fourth child of couple Patrick Calhoun and wife Martha Caldwell. Calhoun was gifted with scholastic talent and was enrolled in Yale College in Connecticut in the year 1802 where he was financed by his brothers to pursue his studies. He was best known as an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina. Calhoun won the election to the House of Representative in 1810 and served in South Carolina’s 6th district legislature for three terms. He immediately became leader of “warhawks” along with co-leader Henry Clay. Calhoun also served as Secretary of War during the Era of Good Feelings under President James Monroe from 1817 to 1825 and during the election of 1824, he was nominated to run for presidency along with four others, John Q. Adams, Henry Clay, Crawford, and Andrew Jackson. Unfortunately he didn’t win but was elected as the 7th vice-president instead under Andrew Jackson and during the re-election of John Quincy Adams. On December 29, 1832, when Calhoun...
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...There was already an equal balance of slave states and free states, so there was a debate on what Missouri would be. Northerners and Southerners fought over it, so Henry Clay made the Missouri Compromise. With this, Maine would be admitted as a free state and Missouri a slave state. The 36° 30’N line, or the Mason Dixon line, was set as a division of where slavery is legal and illegal. This heated argument over slavery is what supports the worrisome tone in John Adams’ alarming quote. The compromise only temporarily withheld the issue of slavery, as can be seen from the future civil war. Although John C. Calhoun was one of those who encouraged the Tariff of 1816 in the South, he ended up calling it the Tariff of Abominations. He proposed the nullification theory, which raised the question: “Can federal laws be forced upon states?” Calhoun argued the Constitution is a contract among the states, and that if a state feels a law is unconstitutional they should have the right to reject it. If the state cannot reject the law, the government is tyrannical. Southern states use the nullification theory for cessation. Tensions start to grow in...
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...was apprenticed to a cabinetmaker in Middlebury, but didn't stay in this field for long. His mother remarried in 1830 and moved to New York State, and Douglas attended Canandaigua Academy, beginning the study of law. He decided to move west in 1833. Douglas was appointed as State's Attorney of Morgan County in 1834, serving until 1836. In the next few years, Douglas became a leader of the dominant Illinois Democrats. He was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives, was appointed registrar of the Springfield Land Office, became Illinois Secretary of State, and was appointed an associate justice of the Illinois Supreme Court in 1841, at age 27. He resigned from the Court upon being elected US Representative in 1843, and was re-elected in 1844. In Congress, he championed territorial expansion and supported the Mexican War. In 1846 the Illinois General Assembly elected him a US Senator....
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...|Cornell Notes | | |Lecture, reading/chapter/novel/article during |Name: Jaylyn Bercier | |class, power point, movies (if need to collect | | |info.) |Class: Mrs. MyerPeriod: ________ | | | | |Topic:____8TH grade history |Date: 46:20 | |_________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | ...
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...Name Instructor Course Date History 1607 to 1877 Question One The royalist ideas led to strained relationships between the Spanish and Portuguese, and their respective American colonies as a result of rebellion, modernizing reforms and wars in Europe. Despite the liberalization of the trade monopoly, and the subsequent prosperity in most of these colonies, the local people did not benefit much. The Royalists insisted that all the money goes to them, mainly the Iberian monarchies, and the wealthy Spanish landowners. The Royalist ideas of anti-clerical regalism of the reformers from both Spain and Portugal had eroded the traditions of the Iberian Catholic monarchies, yet the ideas of Enlightenment and political alternatives to royal sovereignty could be found. The conservative anti-government outlook of the South was thus created as Latin America chose independence over living under monarchal rule. The same applied to the Scot-Irish people who always felt that they had left Ireland against their will, as they had no choice at all. They were mainly Protestant residents from Scotland, who had been settled on land seized from native Irish. They were also discriminated against by the Irish parliament because of their Presbyterian religion instead of following the Irish dominated Anglican Church. The Puritans were a group of religious reformists who had the aim of “purifying” the Anglican Church. This started in the 16th century with John Calvin and began leaving England in 1608...
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...plan that would have kept the one-vote-per-state representation under one legislative body from the Articles of Confederation. The New Jersey Plan was opposed by James Madison and Edmund Randolph (the proponents of the Virginia Plan). 4. Northwest Ordinance of 1787- was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States, passed July 13, 1787. The primary effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory, the first organized territory of the United States, from lands south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River. 5. Nullification- in United States constitutional history, is a legal theory that a state has the right to nullify, or invalidate, any federal law which that state has deemed unconstitutional. 6. Oklahoma/Indian Country- are used to describe an evolving land area set aside by the United States Government for the relocation of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas who held Aboriginal title to their land. In general, the tribes ceded...
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...nullification crisis of 1832 settled? Nullification is a constitutional theory that gives an individual state the right to declare null and void any law passed by the United States Congress which the state deems unacceptable and unconstitutional. The nullification doctrine was John Calhoun's first line of defense for the protection of minority rights against the tyranny of the majority, particularly the rights of southern agricultural slave-owners against the rising power of northern capitalists. Nullification was a special instance of the older notion of "states' rights." He claimed that states have the right to refuse to enforce a federal law with which they do not concur. In South Carolina, however, the nullifiers threatened secession if the Tariff of 1828 was not withdrawn. President Andrew Jackson warned that he would use armed force to preserve the Union. President Andrew Jackson considered nullification to be treasonous during the Nullification Crisis, President Jackson said in a famous toast, "Our federal Union—it must and shall be preserved." In Vice President Calhoun's toast, he replied, "The Union; next to our liberty most dear!" The break between Jackson and Calhoun was complete, and, in 1832, Calhoun ran for the Senate rather than remain as Vice President. The Nullification crisis was settled through a compromise that would benefit both the North and South, but mostly the South. In an effort to reconstruct the tariff, the National Government withheld from improving...
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...DBQ: Nationalism & Sectionalism By John A. Braithwaite DIRECTIONS: The following DBQ is based upon the accompanying documents and your knowledge of the time period involved. This question tests your ability to work with historical documents. Your answer should be derived mainly from the documents, however, you may refer to historical facts, materials, and developments NOT mentioned in the documents. You should assess the reliability of the documents as historical sources where relevant to your answer. Check your school and community libraries for materials and also, surf the internet to help you find relevant outside information. QUESTION FOR ANALYSIS: In the period from 1815 to 1858, two giant forces—nationalism and sectionalism--ostensibly in opposition to each other—prevailed simultaneously in the first half of 19th century America. Describe these two forces and discuss the geographic, political, constitutional, economic, and diplomatic contrasts of both forces. PROMPT: Formulate a thesis statement Use documents as well as your own outside knowledge of the period. Deal evenly with all aspects of the questions Be sure to cover the time period given • Assess the validity of the documents • Draw effective and specific conclusions whenever possible TEXTBOOK RECOMMENDATIONS Gillon & Matson The American Experiment Boydston & McGerr Making A Nation Murrin, et.al Liberty, Equality, Power Norton...
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...U.S. History U.S. History Unit One Pre-Columbian & Colonial America (Ch. 1-5) * Years- 33,000 B.C.-1763 * Presidents-none * Foreign Policies/Key Events: People migrated from Eurasia across Beringia to Alaska and spread south to the Americas. * Domestic Policies/Key Events 1) Various European settlements were established in the Americas. 2) 16th century, Europeans brougth new staples to the Americas and vice-versa. 3) Spanish exploreres were first Europeans to arrive with Christopher Columbus' second expedition to Puerto Rico on November 19, 1493. 4) First successful English colony was established in 1607, on the James River at Jamestown. 5) The Pilgrims established at Plymouth Colony. 6) Mayflower Compact was established for people to govern themselves. 7) Colonies characterized by religious diversity many congregatinalists in the Middle colonies. 8) First Great Awakening in the 1740s led by Jonathan Edwards. 9) French and Indian War (1754-1763) was a watershed event in the political development of the colonies. 10) Stamp Acts of 1765 was enforced and imposed a tax on the colonies following the Seven Years War. 11) Boston Tea Party in 1773 protest against British taxes and government. * Key Court Cases: Witchcraft trials (1480-1750) executions of innocent people that were accused of being witches or involving with any witchcraft. * Important Documents 1) Mayflower...
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...U.S. History U.S. History Unit One Pre-Columbian & Colonial America (Ch. 1-5) * Years- 33,000 B.C.-1763 * Presidents-none * Foreign Policies/Key Events: People migrated from Eurasia across Beringia to Alaska and spread south to the Americas. * Domestic Policies/Key Events 1) Various European settlements were established in the Americas. 2) 16th century, Europeans brougth new staples to the Americas and vice-versa. 3) Spanish exploreres were first Europeans to arrive with Christopher Columbus' second expedition to Puerto Rico on November 19, 1493. 4) First successful English colony was established in 1607, on the James River at Jamestown. 5) The Pilgrims established at Plymouth Colony. 6) Mayflower Compact was established for people to govern themselves. 7) Colonies characterized by religious diversity many congregatinalists in the Middle colonies. 8) First Great Awakening in the 1740s led by Jonathan Edwards. 9) French and Indian War (1754-1763) was a watershed event in the political development of the colonies. 10) Stamp Acts of 1765 was enforced and imposed a tax on the colonies following the Seven Years War. 11) Boston Tea Party in 1773 protest against British taxes and government. * Key Court Cases: Witchcraft trials (1480-1750) executions of innocent people that were accused of being witches or involving with any witchcraft. * Important Documents 1) Mayflower Compact ...
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...and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History | 1) The evolution of the institution of slavery from the Colonial Period to the 1860s. | 1600s-1860s | Slavery was the main source of manual labors in the southern territories after the invention of cotton gin; since the machine increase the profitable cash and required more manual labor- leading to the plantation system. Prior to this event, slave trade was mostly involved in New England- the triangle trade, which keep the flow of slaves to Europe in exchange for molasses; the main ingredient for rum making. | 2) The socio-cultural impact of the abolitionist movement including: a) The effect of Uncle Tom’s Cabin b) The Kansas-Nebraska Act c) The Compromise of 1850 d) The Underground Railroad | a) 1851-1852 b) 1854 c) 1850 d) 1800s | A- The abolitionism movement opposes the idea of slavery on the moral ground for many Northerners did not believe in the slavery system for their economy doesn’t base on the plantation system which requires much more...
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...U.S. History U.S. History Unit One Pre-Columbian & Colonial America (Ch. 1-5) * Years- 33,000 B.C.-1763 * Presidents-none * Foreign Policies/Key Events: People migrated from Eurasia across Beringia to Alaska and spread south to the Americas. * Domestic Policies/Key Events 1) Various European settlements were established in the Americas. 2) 16th century, Europeans brougth new staples to the Americas and vice-versa. 3) Spanish exploreres were first Europeans to arrive with Christopher Columbus' second expedition to Puerto Rico on November 19, 1493. 4) First successful English colony was established in 1607, on the James River at Jamestown. 5) The Pilgrims established at Plymouth Colony. 6) Mayflower Compact was established for people to govern themselves. 7) Colonies characterized by religious diversity many congregatinalists in the Middle colonies. 8) First Great Awakening in the 1740s led by Jonathan Edwards. 9) French and Indian War (1754-1763) was a watershed event in the political development of the colonies. 10) Stamp Acts of 1765 was enforced and imposed a tax on the colonies following the Seven Years War. 11) Boston Tea Party in 1773 protest against British taxes and government. * Key Court Cases: Witchcraft trials (1480-1750) executions of innocent people that were accused of being witches or involving with any witchcraft. * Important Documents 1) Mayflower...
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...Chapter 7: The Rise of Manufacturing and the Age of Jackson (1820–1845) THE GROWTH OF THE FACTORY Economic growth was a key component of Henry Clay’s American System, and in the aftermath of the War of 1812, measures were taken to expand American industry. American industries were protected by the Tariff of 1816, which raised import tariffs by 25 percent. At the same time state governments began improving road, river, and canal transportation systems. Before 1820 almost all products made in America were completed using a system borrowed from Europe called the putting-out system. Under this system merchants would buy the raw materials, recruit dozens, or in some case hundreds, of farm families to do the work, and then sell the finished product. Many shoes in New England were made in this manner; women and children would make part of the shoe, which would be finished by experienced shoemakers. Beginning in the late 1780s the textile industry started to use power-driven machines and interchangeable parts. All power in these early factories came from water, so the early factories all were located along rivers. Most were located in New England or the Middle states. In the 1790s factories like those in Lowell, Massachusetts, began to weave cotton imported from the south. With the introduction of the cotton gin in the same decade, more cotton became available, and production boomed. By 1840 the textile industry employed nearly 75,000 workers, with almost half of...
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...Federalist: The Federalists were originally those forces in favor of the ratification of the Constitution. A desire to establish a strong central government. Federalists felt strongly that the inability of the United States, operating under the Articles of Confederation, to implement protective tariffs had led to the uncontrolled flood of manufactured items that were depressing the new nation's economy. They pointed out that the European powers were not likely to negotiate thirteen separate commercial treaties, and that Britain was well served by letting the situation fester. The term "Federalist" was later applied to the emerging political faction headed by Alexander Hamilton in George Washington's administration. Revolution of 1800: Some observers have regarded Jefferson's election in 1800 as revolutionary. This may be true in a restrained sense of the word, since the change from Federalist leadership to Republican was entirely legal and bloodless. Nevertheless, the changes were profound. The Federalists lost control of both the presidency and the Congress. By 1800, the American people were ready for a change. Under Washington and Adams, the Federalists had established a strong government. They sometimes failed, however, to honor the principle that the American government must be responsive to the will of the people. They had followed policies that alienated large groups. For example, in 1798 they enacted a tax on houses, land and slaves, affecting every property owner in...
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