...based on flawed data) and reduced production of drugs secondary to liability exposure pertain to this discussion? Of course, there are financial benefits to bringing a drug to the market. Pharmaceutical companies spend billions of dollars developing new drugs, and those investments must be recouped by sales. Sometimes commercial access to a drug allows more progress to be made in research that can lead to other uses of the drug in medical treatment. Outside of the financial benefits, there is the benefit of progressively more effective and efficient treatment for patients who need the drug. According to Matthew Herper, writing in Forbes magazine, although the drug industry has been tossing around the number of $1 billion for years, the average drug developed by a major pharmaceutical company costs at least $4 billion, and it can be as much as $11 billion. Herper says that the $1 billion number works for the pharmaceutical industry because it seems to justify the idea that medicines should be pricey without making it seem that inventing new medicines is so expensive an endeavor as to be ultimately futile. Patient need should drive the type and amount of drugs produced, but at the same time, the companies must make enough money off the drugs to remain financially successful. That’s a tough balance to achieve. The Centers for Disease Control reports that more than one-third of the adults in the U.S. have high blood pressure and high levels of bad cholesterol (Falco MIriam,...
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...Group project – Essay Supporting the article: According to the popular science theory of cholesterol, foods that are rich in animal fat and cholesterol can cause the artery walls to thicken, thus impairing blood flow. This condition is called atherosclerosis. But the question is, is it the high cholesterol that causes the artery walls to thicken, thus creating the potential for a heart attack? LDL is a lipoprotein that enables transport of lipids through the bloodstream. LDL has been regarded as a predictor of heart disease. LDL is regarded as the kind of cholesterol that is deposited into the artery and causing the formation of a thick substance that blocks the bloodstream. It is a popular theory, that the cholesterol we get from eating food, is affecting the cholesterol in the blood, so that the arteries are blocked. However, studies have shown that your LDL level is not necessarily the cause of heart disease, but merely a symptom. The article points to Christopher Gardner, a researcher at the Stanford University School of Medicine, who says that high LDL, is an "overblown risk factor" for heart disease. The article goes on to say that science has been unable to find a link between consuming saturated fat and heart disease. The article suggests that an increasing number of studies have started to raise doubts about the presumption that elevated levels of cholesterol leads to heart disease. This is accurate, even if these studies aren’t pointed out in the article, they...
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...Health Care Policies and Regulations Compared According to Jun, Osborn, and Squires of the Commonwealth Fund, in their International Profiles of Health Care Systems (2012), the role of the government in the Norwegian health care system is that the government is fully responsible for funding and controlling the health care system (para. 1). However, if citizens want to opt out of the government-controlled health insurance and purchase private insurance, they are able to do that, as well. This is sometimes the choice of some people when waiting lists are long and they choose to go to another country for treatment (Shafrin, para. 4). I have also heard from relatives that this is sometimes the case in Canada, as well, where there is also truly “universal” health care. However, the role of the government in health care in the United States is ever evolving and ever changing. Before the Affordable Care Act was passed in 2010 the role of the government was mostly regulatory, with the exceptions of Medicare and Medicaid and certain other special programs for people who needed financial assistance to access health care. That role is ever evolving now, though. Who is covered in these two countries? In Norway, the answer is simple: Everyone. 100% of the citizens are covered (Jun, Osborn, Squires, 2012, p. 86). In the United States, it is not as clear of a picture. According to Jun, Osborn, & Squires (2012), “In 2010, 56 percent of U.S. residents received primary care coverage...
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...The women who consent to becoming egg donors will undergo a serious medical procedure. They will be treated with drugs in order for them to stop then kickstart their ovary production so they each will provide ten eggs. The cost of paying the donors and the medical costs involved in safely obtaining the egg could easily cost over $100,00 for each women. Animal cloning doesn’t require the same strenuous procedure because scientists could buy the eggs from a slaughterhouse or farm who would throw them away for a cheap price. Peter Mombaerts, a scientist at Rockefeller University, experimented with 4,000 mice egg cells, the price of was worth $2,000. He estimates doing the same work on humans could cost at least $2 million (Herper). Allowing both therapeutic and reproductive cloning would be nearly impossible since it’s so expensive the budget wouldn’t be enough for both practices. Banning reproductive cloning and allowing therapeutic cloning could limit the costs to use nuclear transfer to treat human diseases. High costs in biotechnology are not unheard of but only using cloning to treat diseases and create new organ transplants limits the...
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...Business Research Ethics RES/351 Chimerix is a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to discovering, developing and commercializing novel, oral antivirals in areas of high unmet medical need. Since 2001, the organization has researched, developed and experimentally tested a virus-killing drug called Brincidofovir. Subsequently learning of the existence of the drug, a family requested that the company donate the drug to treat their little boy who contracted a deadly virus after receiving a bone-marrow transplant. The company had distributed the drug during a three year testing period, but as the drug entered the final stages of the federal and drug administration (FDA) approval, the company ceased its compassionate care program. The establishment’s CEO reportedly claimed it has denied hundreds of requests because human testing guidelines mandate two control groups, one that takes the actual drug and the other that takes sugar pills, placing very ill people at-risk because the sugar pill is useless. As a result, the organization focused on getting the drug approved for widespread consumer use which entails denying interim requests for the drug, and presents an ethical dilemma for the company. Chimerix sought the research to find a solution to this ethical dilemma, gauging the social temperature of the people affected and risking the reputation of the organization at whole. Chimerix argued if the drug was made available to this one ill child, it could not ethically justify denying...
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...Travel to and from Africa should be restricted Charles M Hilbers ITT Tech Abstract On October 19, 2014, the evening news announced the return of two Poplarville, Mississippi residents from West Africa. Their neighbors expressed major concern, especially since one of them was a preacher and a school bus driver. The other one said that what should have been a lifetime opportunity for her had been spoiled by phone calls from concerned neighbors. She maintained that they had done their research and concerns over their return were unfounded, based on fear not fact (Grace, 2014). I found her attitude not only ambiguous, but self-centered and showing little concern for her friends, family, and neighbors. Living in South Mississippi myself, and in light of recent cases of travel related Ebola in the United States, I wanted to know if these concerns are truly founded or not. I used Local TV and newspaper articles, CDC website, and various articles I found on the Virtual Library to research the situation. In my opinion, based on my research, these people did not research well enough or reached a decision based on their personal bias rather than fact. My research shows that although there has not been any cases reported in Ghana, where they actually went, there have been cases in the neighboring countries of Sierra Leonne, Liberia, Guinea, Senegal, and Nigeria, with travel related cases popping up all over the world. Therefore, there is some danger of being exposed to Ebola, and in...
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...Ebola Outbreak An Unknown Virus Cedric Smith Strayer University I have been doing some research on Ebola, and here is what I have found out. Ebola and Hepatitis C have some similar symptoms; they both are spread through direct contact with bodily fluids of the infected patients and from needles that have been in contact with the patients. While contained outbreaks have happened, there have not been any mass outbreaks like with Ebola. My hypothesis is that should an Ebola outbreak occur in the US, we will be able to contain the outbreak. Ebola first emerged in Sudan and Zaire in 1976. The first outbreak of Ebola (named after the Ebola River in Zaire) infected over 284 people, with a mortality rate of 53%. “Ebola,” however, is not just one Ebola: There are 4 distinguishable subtypes. The second Ebola virus emerged from Yambuku, Zaire, Ebola-Zaire (EBOZ), with the highest mortality rate of any of the Ebola viruses (88%), infected 318 people. Despite the tremendous effort of effort of experienced and dedicated researches, Ebola natural reservoir was never identified. The third strain of Ebola, Ebola Reston (EBOR), was first identified in 1989 when infected monkeys were imported into Reston, Virginia, from Mindanao in the Philippines. The few people who were infected with EBOR never developed Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF). The last known strain of Ebola, Ebola Cote d’Ivoire (EBO-CI) was discovered in 1994 when a female ethnologist performing a necropsy on a dead chimpanzee...
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...ETHICAL CULTURAL ANALYSIS: Pfizer Incorporated Prepared by Benjamin Smith Submitted in partial fulfillment of Thomas Edison State College course: 2014AUG PHI-384-GS004: Ethics and the Business Professional. October 23, 2014 [pic] Introduction Pfizer is the second-largest biopharmaceutical company in the world, and largest research-based company in the world (Herper 2014). They are the producers of some of the most popular names in prescription drugs, including Lipitor®, Viagra®, Xanax®, and Zoloft®. They are also one of the leading names of over the counter drugs and supplements such as Advil®, Centrum®, and Robitussin®. Pfizer employs over 78,000 personnel all over the world in most every continent. Its operations encompass researching and development of new medications, vaccines, and therapies; government regulatory compliance; and providing care and support for global healthcare programs. My interest in Pfizer is that I plan on changing careers into the medical field as a physician or research scientist. As the leading research-based pharmaceutical company, I would aspire to work with neuroscientist Dr. Michael Ehlers and his team. This analysis will review Pfizer Incorporated as a responsible, ethical company by analyzing its mission statements, core values, published principles, and code of ethics, how these are reflected in their actions and which ethical concepts are displayed in these actions; how Pfizer prevents and responds to problematic...
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...Monsanto and the Moral Challenge Surrounding Genetically Modified Products Ethics and Humanity: Company Case Briefing Monsanto and the Moral Challenge Surrounding Genetically Modified Products The “good company” operates with four pillars in mind, each a different level for the firm to exhibit its corporate social responsibility. First, the company must ensure its commitment to the health, safety, productivity and profitability of its own employees. Second, the company must be actively customer-focused, establishing clear and open lines of communications and trust, while also demonstrating a duty of care in their operations. Third, the company must be globally-oriented towards the industry as a whole. And fourth, the company must display an investment in their own community. At each of those levels—the individual employee, the customer, the industry and the community, the “good company” should endeavor to uphold its own corporate pledge to deliver results while also taking responsibility for its activities. Applying this framework to Monsanto is a precarious task, but below we will examine the moral challenge that the company faces currently, identifying key stakeholders, and discerning the possible moral outcomes to its many challenges. Monsanto Company provides agricultural products for farmers in the US and abroad. With nearly 23,000 employees, the company has a history of producing and marketing...
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...(Wells, The 11 most toxic vaccine ingredients and their side effects., 2012b) Scott A. Goodman EN1320-E4 01-12-2013 Thesis Professor L. Hansen Scott A. Goodman EN1320-E4 01-12-2013 Thesis Professor L. Hansen The Following will include my homework for Chapters 7.3 and 7.5 from our student textbooks. The Following will include my homework for Chapters 7.3 and 7.5 from our student textbooks. 2012 2012 Class Project: Thesis Class Project: Thesis The following will include our class project of writing an argumentative Thesis. It will project my opinion and supporting arguments of my viewpoint. The following will include our class project of writing an argumentative Thesis. It will project my opinion and supporting arguments of my viewpoint. The FDA negatively effects the lives of everyone in the world with their desire to control enslave and poison everyone on a global scope. The FDA, Big Pharmaceuticals, and Governments make trillions of dollars, not caring for the health or welfare of the population of the world. There is massive corruption between these organizations with very strong ties. Big Pharmaceuticals such as Bayer, Mereck, BASF, Monsanto, and Pfizer are just a few of the influential lobbing companies, with strong ties to the FDA government regulators of products Pharmaceutical companies produce and invest heavily in. Keeping the masses sick, controlled, and monopolizing every aspect they can. From food, crops, medicine, natural...
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...“Entrepreneurs are born not made.” Critically analyse this statement with reference to the literature and to your experience of entrepreneurship. This essay aims to evaluate the various traits identified with entrepreneurs, and then establish whether entrepreneurs are born with these traits, or whether, they are shaped and developed through their life experiences. Put simply the purpose of this essay is to establish whether entrepreneurs are ‘born or made’. This essay focuses on two distinct schools of researchers in the field of entrepreneurship: The more traditional group of researchers has focused on the personality characteristics of the individual, the internal factors, whilst a second group of researchers have taken a social cognitive approach. They look at the relationship between an individual and his or her environment. The external factors include culture, role models, work experience, education, and environment. This essay looks at the early definitions of an entrepreneur, evaluates the literature which supports the theory that entrepreneurs are ‘born’, and also evaluates the proposal that there is a relationship between the individual entrepreneur and their social environment, that is, entrepreneurs are ‘made’. Cantillon (1756) defined the entrepreneur as engaging in business without an assurance of profits; thus the bearing of risk being the distinguishing feature of an entrepreneur. Jean Baptiste Say expanded on this by making the entrepreneur the pivot of the...
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...WESTMINSTER INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE Assignment: Managing Human Capital (Requirement for the module : 201405-MBAE1-MHC-Managing Human Capital) By : Vicknesh Krishnan The Pagan Medical Centre has seen marked progress in growth and success for the past 8 years of its establishment and it doesn’t show any signs of slowing down. Started off as a small partnership between 3 doctors with just 5 nurses being hired, this centre has eventually grown to house 200 employees. The Director of this centre is the senior most doctor/founder among the three who initiated this partnership. This reflected a very centralized organizational structure. Centralization is the degree to which decision - making authority is concentrated at the top of the organizational hierarchy (Fry & Slocum, 1984). This role is now being looked into an elected basis as they a have board of governance in place as the centre expanded. Housing 150 permanent staff and 50 temporary personnel, this company is still very hierarchical in its structure. Hence it is very rule driven, stable and resistant to change. Much of the work behaviour is regulated and kept within organizational guidelines and standards. This spelled out a very mechanistic structure and it saw a very high turnover in the last 4 years. The brain drain was among the senior doctors and nurses, leaving this centre with a diminished degree of quality in terms of management and health services delivery. From...
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...[pic] Assignment for Course: BUS 625 Multi-National Corporations and International Trade Submitted to: Dr. Lee Pickler Submitted by: Zachery Engels, Frank Mayse, and Gina Glorioso Rendall Date of Submission: April 11, 2015 Title of Assignment: Global Expansion Project - Ancestry CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORSHIP: I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas of words, whether quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for this course. Student Signature: __Gina Glorioso Rendall__________ ******************************************* Instructor’s Grade on Assignment: Instructor’s Comments: AN EXECUTIVE BRIEFING ON [pic] Researched by Downtown Dominators Zachery Engels, Franklin Mayse, and Gina Glorioso Rendall Spring 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY 5 DOMINANT MARKET ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT 5 INTRODUCTION 5 POLITICAL / REGULATORY 5 ECONOMIC: MACRO 5 TECHNOLOGY 6 SOCIETAL 6 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS AND COMPANY PERFORMANCE 6 SUMMARY 8 INTRODUCTION 9 FINANCIAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT 9 CASH 9 MARKETABLE SECURITIES 9 LEVERAGE (ABILITY TO BORROW) 9 CREDIT RATING 10 STANDARD AND POOR RATING 10 ...
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...The Influence of Affective Empathy and Autism Spectrum Traits on Empathic Accuracy Marije aan het Rot*, Koen Hogenelst Department of Psychology and School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands Abstract Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by interpersonal deficits and has been associated with limited cognitive empathy, which includes perspective taking, theory of mind, and empathic accuracy (EA). The capacity for affective empathy may also be impaired. In the present study we aimed to determine if EA in normally developing individuals with varying levels of autism spectrum traits is moderated by trait affective empathy. Fifty male and fifty female participants (‘perceivers’) completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient and the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale to assess autism spectrum traits and trait affective empathy, respectively. EA was assessed using a Dutch-language version of a previously developed task and involved rating the feelings of others (‘targets’) verbally recounting autobiographical emotional events. Targets varied in trait emotional expressivity, assessed using the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire. Perceivers with more autism spectrum traits performed worse on the EA task, particularly when their trait affective empathy was relatively low. Interpersonal deficits in autism spectrum disorder may be partially explained by low cognitive empathy. Further, they might be aggravated by a limited capacity...
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...-3- Produced by the General Conference Youth Ministries Department 2011 This material is protected by copyright All rights reserved This material may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, scanning, or other) without the prior permission of the publisher -4- Contents Arts & Crafts -15- Household Arts -61- Nature -79- Recreation -117- Spiritual -167- -5- -6- Introduction It has been more than twenty years since the first edition of the Adventurer Awards Manual was produced at the General Conference for the World Adventurer Ministry. There have been many changes, additions, and improvements during this time. Adventurer Ministry has shown huge growth as well. Youngsters in this age group are full of energy and get excited about being a part of an organization that is designed to expand their view of their world and strengthen their relationship with God, Mom, and Dad through ways that are so much fun. The roof over Adventurer Ministry is supported by several strong pillars. You hold in your hands one of them: the latest updated manual covering all 83 currently accepted Awards for use around the world. There is of course, one small problem: This area of Adventurer fun is not a static field of possibilities, it is a constantly growing—maybe almost exploding—source of activity. Therefore even at the time of this edition’s printing, there are already more Awards being...
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