...Historians, for centuries, have written about impactful events that influence American life. Their perception, however, has had an even greater impact on society’s current views. According to the renowned historian, Arthur Schlesinger Jr., “the historian surely brings to the observation and analysis of events a perspective different from that brought by a non-historian” (10). Nonetheless, it is evident that perception is crucial when determining the public’s perception as a whole. One specific event in American history in which historians’ perception impacted the Arab and Muslim group in society was the terrorist attack that occurred on September 11, 2001. Abu-Lughod, a professor of Anthropology and Women’s and Gender Studies at Columbia University...
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...The Return of Martin Guerre Film: Microhistory? History is a broad field and therefore it is no secret as to why historians tend to study within a select few of numerous sub-fields. Even with this specificity, one may find that there are still some events that warrant more attention than others; to achieve a deeper understanding of such instances, they may seek to analyze a microhistory. A microhistory is an “intensive study of small-scale event or places, or individuals,” (Lecture 11/3) which presents an opportunity to learn about the greater society by examination of a particular instance. Typically, these studies attempt to reconstruct people’s worlds, in both a mental and physical sense, while focusing on rather unusual tales (Lecture...
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...How successful was Lenin in creating a totalitarian society by 1924? Lenin, the leader of the Bolshevik party and most importantly the ruler of Russia had to sacrifice a lot to get the Communist utopia Karl Marx foresaw. Despite it being a modification of the official ideology which people refer to as Leninism, it had major flaws which made you question, was Lenin really successful in creating a totalitarian society? Lenin was very successful in creating a totalitarian society; one of his beneficial areas of control was his one party state which was crucial in order to achieve Lenin’s adaptation to Marxism, this would mean the Bolsheviks would have complete control over the state and get rid of all and any opposition to their ideology. Lenin did this by dissolving the constituent assembly which meant a step forward in a totalitarian state by means of no opposition, Lenin made sure it stayed this way by ensuring the ban on factions within the Party as well as using the Cheka to make sure everyone stays in line and does not oppose the new Bolshevik regime. This was effective as it now left the Bolsheviks in complete control in this area. Another reason Lenin was successful was the fact he had control over the economy which is absolutely essential in any Totalitarian regime as controlling the economy meant they have the financial capability needed to maintain and produce a totalitarian society. As well as that, it meant sure that the state controls everything and that communism...
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...Tiara Badie @02732463 October 26, 2015 Essay 2 Rough Draft Years ago, when kingdoms still existed and democracy was just beginning to form, there were not many options for recording important events. There were no iPhones, Google, or Google maps to tell people what happened or where it happened. Most information was passed orally or by scribes. Historians such as the Deuteronomistic History (DtrH), Herodotus and Thucydides were around to explain the events around them. All three of these historians are similar and different in the content of their stories and they way they told them. They are similar because they all helped to give accounts of what was said and done during the time period that they are writing about; for DtrH that time period...
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...Jose Dejesus Dr. Steven Taylor English 11 D22 3/3/2014 2nd Paper Accounting: the need of bringing accounting history into classrooms Would introductory accounting students benefit from the lessons and experiences found in accounting history? That’s how the article “Financial Accounting Courses: An exploratory study” by Satina V. Williams and Bill N. Schwartz starts. According to studies made by Williams and Schwartz, students would better understand the political, economic and cultural issues affecting the development of accounting if they were exposed to the history and evolution of accounting through the years. They also suggested that gathering historical information in the beginning of the course of accounting may stimulate students to learn more about how accounting is actually working (Williams 198). After looking at records and seeing that many students are receive a degree without knowing the history of accounting, they conducted a survey to determine how they can get the history of accounting into the classrooms. After contacting 100 school’s accounting department administrators, they found 79 faculty members to ask for their opinions about incorporating accounting history into undergraduate introductory financial accounting classes. If they can get the majority of firms they might be able to bring accounting history into classrooms. They received 49 responses and 24 of them were in agreement...
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...François-Marie Arouet (21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), also known as Voltaire, was a French writer, historian and philosopher who was famous for his political works. All his literary writings were famous, including plays, poems, novels, essays, historical and scientific works. His best-known histories are The Age of Louis XIV (1751), and his Essay on the Customs and the Spirit of the Nations (1756). He broke from the tradition of narrating political and military events, and emphasized traditions, societal history and achievements in the arts and sciences. One of his famous sayings, “History is the lie commonly agreed upon”, is quite contrary as some agree with it while others argue that that is not the case. Based on the analysis and readings I agree with what Voltaire said. Some people associate history with past whereas history is not the same as past. As past is the occurrence of all the events even the minor ones while history is the selection of some events from the past which are then given meaning to by the historians. So what we study is not actually history but historiography (the writings of history). An example of which can be a person selling gingerbread man in a low lying area and some random people come to his stall and beat him up and kill him [1]. So the historians will not give importance to this event – which is definitely part of the past but it is not the part of written history. At the same time history is majorly affected by the involvement of the role...
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...(2) All historians are sure of the fact that everyone has a different understanding of the world. Because of everybody’s race, religion, class, background, family, location, interests, and many more factors, everyone’s perspectives on anything may vary. In other words, these factors make us bias towards one side. A good historian understands this. When trying to study the past, historians remain objective, and consider all of their options, sides, and perspectives. To truly understand and achieve this, they must look at multiple different primary or secondary sources when studying the same event. If a historian was studying, for example, South Carolina breaking away from the Union, a southerner’s perspective on the event would be much, much different than a Northerner’s. He would have to study different sources....
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...of terminologies for it to have a meaning. It therefore refers to a systematic account of natural phenomena involving accounts of events that are narrated in a chronological order and deal with past of mankind. History can also be defined as the dialogues that relates the present with the past. Evolution of mankind sometimes defines the word history. It explains the story of man and his progression in civilization, his downfalls, successes, his laws and wars, religion, arts and development. In other words it can be summarized as the biography of great men who were heroes in the past. The origin of history started way back in Greek being connected to the world famous historians Thucydides and Heredeotus.The word history also relates to writers or narrators of events referred to as historians e.g. we have historians narrating the new history of the Era of the Polis. History follows the example of discovering past human dimensions which one of the history authors divides it into five different stages. The Golden age, the Silver age, the age of Bronze and finally the Iron Age. History incorporates a number of significance that helps us to understand its meaning better. It makes life richer by providing importance to the books one reads, the sites one visits and the kind of music that one hears. It provides a platform for doing research as one has to get information from history that relates to his or her topic. History preserves the traditional and cultural values of a region or country...
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...University of Phoenix Material Historical Sources Historians study records of the past to understand and explain the stories of the people and events of earlier times. These records, or historical sources, form the core of the scholarly practice of history. There are two types of sources on which historians generally rely: primary and secondary. Primary Sources Primary sources are firsthand accounts or records. Primary sources provide a view of historical events or people as witnessed by people who were actually there. Primary sources have not been interpreted by others, but use the words, sounds, or images of those present during a historical period. Primary sources often incorporate the interpretation or attitude of the individual who recorded the experience; different people may often record different impressions of a single event. Examples of primary sources include the following: • A letter written by Otto von Bismarck • A recording or libretto of a portion of Wilhelm Richard Wagner’s The Valkyrie • The recording or transcript of a speech given by Jacques Chirac • The transcript of an interview with an 18th-century factory worker • Property tax registers from Languedoc • A photograph of German troops moving through a devastated Polish town during the Nazi invasion • A reprint of a propaganda poster • The last will and testament of a Norwegian merchant • A print of Paul Nash’s We Are Making a New World • A translation of the diary Anne Frank kept during...
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...Do you agree with the view that in the years 1515-25 Henry VII wholly surrendered power in government to Cardinal Wolsey? Explain your answer, using Sources 4, and 6 and your own knowledge. There are many different perceptions of the relationship between Henry VII and Cardinal Wolsey, most notably that of the Alter Rex who reserves a traditionalistic view of their liaison. However, it is evident from the three sources that it is not entirely accurate that Henry surrendered all his power to the Cardinal even though it may have ‘seemed’ (S4) that way. It can be argued that despite Wolsey holding significant power, Henry was still king making him the most powerful individual in England. Thought Henry was ‘happy to bestow patronage upon him as long as he was doing his masters work (S6). Therefore, evidence from the sources suggest that it was not the case that Henry wholly surrendered his power to Cardinal Wolsey. It is clear that Wolsey did have a huge responsibility within Tudor government. He played a substantial role in organising the logistics of the King’s foreign policy and his ambitions to conquer France form a financial perspective whilst h occupied the role as Lord Chancellor. Wolsey also played a significant part in Tudor law. His role as Chancellor bought Wolsey a great deal of wealth and meant he ‘held a dominant position in government and controlled the distribution of patronage’ (S5). This led to many people viewing him as an Alter Rex figure. This matter was...
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...conversation to a second European whom was not present and asked him to read the document aloud; Europeans by contrast were illiterate during this timeframe (Carnes & Garraty, p. 46, 2008). In the mystery/suspense film, “The Crucible”, another example of an inaccuracy was Indians tribes journeying 1500 miles in the midst of winter only to set up camps to habituate until spring. The “Dilate” according to Carnes, M., & Garraty, J. (2008) was to keep the audience interested in the story line by focusing in on the girls behavior (Carnes & Garraty, p. 76, 2008). . In the “Patriot” Benjamin Martin wasn’t a real person, but in leaders such as Francis Marion similarity can be found, which could also provide some inaccuracies. Historians criticized much of what was told about the South for example the British cavalry wore red uniforms, but they were called “Green Dragons” (Carnes & Garraty, p. 138, 2008). . In the story “The Alamo”, the author talks about the 1960 movie that John Wayne directed. There was no such evidence of him stealing cattle or romancing women. There were inaccuracies with the Santa Ana’s character having...
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...HOW TO ANALYSE SOURCES ANALYSING OF SOURCES Historical criticism.-> Original document? How, when, and why did it come into being? Where does it come from? Who is the author or the cartoonist or the cameraman? 2 critical questions: Could the witness possibly have known the truth? Did the witness wish to tell the truth? EVALUATING OF SOURCES Authenticity? (are there factual errors in the source?) Reliability? (how long after the event was the source produced?) Bias/Prejudice? Subjectivity VS objectivity? Historians have an issue, the source is problematic (biased, emotions, etc) and the historian is a human writer. To guard oneself from being manipulated by bias sources, one must cross-reference. This means one must analyse a few sources and then synthesise their own conclusion. QUESTIONS WHICH ASK YOU TO COMPARE IN THE TEST OR EXAM Generally sources can have two characteristics with each other. They are either similar or they are contradictory/different with each other. One should consider the following aspects when answering these types of exam questions: What are the similarities(1) and the differences(2) between the sources? How do these sources complement each other(3)? Which of these sources provides a more accurate viewpoint on the topic(4)? QUESTIONS WHICH ASK YOU TO USE ALL THE SOURCES This is an eight mark question which comes prior to the essay. One is required to write approximately 10-15 lines;...
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...History (from Greek ἱστορία - historia, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation"[2]) is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians. It is a field of research which uses a narrative to examine and analyse the sequence of events, and it sometimes attempts to investigate objectively the patterns of cause and effect that determine events.[3][4] Historians debate the nature of history and its usefulness. This includes discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a way of providing "perspective" on the problems of the present.[3][5][6][7] The stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the legends surrounding King Arthur) are usually classified as cultural heritage rather than the "disinterested investigation" needed by the discipline of history.[8][9] Events of the past prior to written record are considered prehistory. Amongst scholars, the fifth century BC Greek historian Herodotus is considered to be the "father of history", and, along with his contemporary Thucydides, forms the foundations for the modern study of history. Their influence, along with other historical traditions in other parts of their world, have spawned many different interpretations of the nature of history which has evolved over the centuries and are continuing...
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...A. What elements in the film are historically accurate and which are inaccurate? Give examples from the article to illustrate. Some elements of the film were accurate such as guerilla war fare on both sides such as the British slaughtering villages and the Americans killing officers first in the battle. There are also inaccuracies that historians have found such as the character Benjamin Martin and the battle of Cowpens which Cornwallis was not present. Many historians criticized the movie for these inaccuracies to the point where it was even compared the Godzilla to biology. B. In your view, do the historical inaccuracies harm or help our understanding of past events and historical figures? Explain I think in this particular movie it does harm the understanding because the revolutionary war was the birth of our nation, and for the movie to have incorrect information takes away the realization of the war. We as Americans are proud of our for fathers fight for our nations freedom, so for someone who loves history might have a problem with the movie, but if you don’t really want to take the time to research movies like this are good to get the jest of history. C. In your view, do the historical inaccuracies harm or help our understanding of the present (people or groups)? That is to say, is the director using historical events and people to make a point about America and Americans today? Explain. For this particular movie I think the director did a good job as representing...
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...Reflection Paper Your name Institutional Affiliations History has been in existence since the formation of the earth and existence of mankind. The life and form of human beings have evolved over the years. While all human beings have same origin historically, evolution and development of human life and their living conditions led to inequality among different groups of people and different parts of the world. As a result, there are many pieces of literature including books, journals, among others, which explain different historical events (Diamond, 1999). However, some historical books or articles do not address historical issues fully especially historical factors that led to high development in some areas while leaving others highly underdeveloped. However, Guns, germs and steel: The fates of human societies, a book written by Jared diamond is totally different and unique historical book in contrast to other historical books. This is because in his book Gun, germs and steel: The fates of human societies, Jared examined all historical events that happened in the last 13,000 years. However, unlike other historical books, Jared applied different methods and materials including scientific ones so as to ensure that he covers all necessary information and that every reader understands him properly. Another unique feature of this book is that unlike others, which focus on specific place, people or event, this book is focused on...
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