...15th October 2014 History Why did Henry Tudor win the Battle of Bosworth in 1485? Lead up to Battle RICHARD III STRENGTHS | HENRY TUDOR STRENGTHS | * Beacon network in place to warn of Tudor’s invasion | * Due to ‘Bucks’ rebellion, he knew he had to plan his second invasion with great political, military and diplomatic care | * Reinforced his position | * His promise to marry Elizibeth of York won support from disaffected Royal Servants in England | * Placed himself in Nottingham Castle, putting himself centrally in England | * Tudor had agents frequently crossing the Channel to assess and build his level of public support | * Had a large army (10,000-15,000) | * Tudor’s mother, Margarat Beaufort, was in a strong position to influence her opinions as she was married to the powerful Noble Lord Stanley | * Already repelled Henry’s invasion in 1483 | * Charles VIII of France lent him 60,000 francs and Philibert de Chandee gave him 1,800 merceneries | * Started the Battle on Higher Ground (Ambien Hill) | * Rhys ap Thomas brought additional 1800-2000 men, Sir Richard Corbet brought 800 men whilst Sir Gilbert Talbot brought 500 men | * Had Lord Stanley’s son (Lord Strange) as hostage | * Tudor went through Wales unopposed | * Able warrior | | RICHARD III WEAKNESSES | HENRY TUDOR WEAKNESSES | * Spent huge amounts of money commisioning a fleet in Southampton | * No Great Magnate had fully declared for...
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...Assess the view that the mid Tudor crisis was caused by religious change made by Henry VIII Mid Tudor Crisis contains of the religious changes, war, succession, economic problems, political changes and problems and finally rebellions. The factor that progressed the Mid Tudor crisis was the economic failure of Somerset and his polices which lead to famine and uprising, with civil war becoming imminent to England. The monarchy was in serious turmoil due to religious changes made through the successors. Edward was raised a protestant so his religious goal was to continue the change made previous by his father, however Mary had a catholic upbringing, due to her influence of Charles so she would want to turn the country catholic again. Hutton refers to Edward as being a personal problem to the protestant reform of religion as he puts it, “Edward was simply not up to managing the inheritance of Henry VIII.” Henry had started the change and therefore influenced his son Edward as he was going to be Henry’s first heir to the throne due to him being male. However when Mary gets to the throne she will want to turn the whole country (that are now supporting Protestantism) back to Catholicism. This would send the population into confusion and turmoil as the people were being forced to think and do one thing and then drastically change it the next, not knowing which way of Christianity to follow. In support of this statement the mid Tudor crisis was caused by the succession of the royal...
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...known for his 9 wives. He married his first wife, Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and had his first son in 1511 whom died 2 months later. Catherine continued to have miscarriages and the children that they did have would die shortly after birth. Henry became frustrated and even though he was still married to Catherine he had two mistresses: Mary Boleyn and Elizabeth Blount. After being married for 17 years, Henry fell in love with Mary Boleyn and solicited an annulment from the Pope since him and Catherine were married through the church. Catherine died alone in 1536. King Henry VIII is significant to history because he separated church and the government. During this time period, Kings were rulers of everything including religion and when the Pope refused to annul king Henry’s marriage with Catherine, King Henry took matter into his own hands and found someone else to annul his marriage. (Tudor) Lucrezia Borgia: Born during Italy’s Renaissance period, when artists and architects emerged to world appreciation. Her father was Pope Alexander VI and a mistress named Vannozza Cattanei. Lucrezia was married at least 2 times, if not 3. At age 11, her father cancelled her marriage...
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...lead by Queen Elizabeth I. “ ( http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/tudor-england/the-spanish-armada/) The Armada is famous because Enlgand was a small nation with a small navy, they were going up against the greatest power in the world that was Spain. It took place at “The English Channel, the North Sea and the seas around the North and West of Scotland, the Orkneys and the West of Ireland.” http://www.primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/tudors/armada.htm With the help from Mother Nature they defeated...
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...writer Daniel Tudor and published by Tuttle Publisher - Tokyo, is a book acclaimed by the international press. The author is a correspondent for the Economist in Korea. He is also a regular contributor to Newsweek Korea and other publications. Tudor has gained a solid educational background in the Oxford and Manchester Universities. With all these professional credentials, Tudor is more than qualified to write about South Korea, the place he calls home. He has developed in this book an almost encyclopedic work that can not be missed by anyone interested in understanding South Korea, with all its deep historical and cultural roots. This is the Korea which caused a economic and political miracle when in a relatively short period of time became a wealthy and democratic nation surpassing all its limitations of an "impossible country" Also, South Korea is considered to be an "impossible country" because of the pressure to which its citizens are exposed to accomplish goals that many times are unrealistic to most humans (the author's premises lead to the title of his book). The book begins with a brief history of Korea from its prehistory to the modern era. In the first part of the book, the author approaches the primitive Korean shamanism and the Musok-in (a female Korean shaman) tradition; the deep influence of Buddhism in Korea; and the historical contribution of Confucianism for Asian countries and how this ideology still influences modern Korea. Tudor also talks about...
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...Can we know when to trust our emotions in the pursuit of knowledge? Consider history and one other area of knowledge. Candidate Name: Nastassja Isabelle Session Number: 002636-063 School Name: Binus International School Simprug Session: May 2013 Word Count: 1598 “The sign of an intelligent people is their ability to control their emotions by the application of reason”, American author, Marya Mannes once said. Emotion is defined as a strong feeling deriving from one’s circumstances, mood, or relationships with others. In the pursuit of knowledge, there are times when emotion could be involved in order to gain a better understanding of a certain aspect. However, relying on emotions too much could also cloud our judgment, for it is a very subjective way of knowing. This essay will discuss how reliable our emotion is in the pursuit of knowledge in two areas of knowledge; history and the arts. To start with, emotion plays a big part in judging historical figures and events that were immortalized through history books. The question is, would it be accurate enough to judge them solely based on our emotions? Take Richard III for example. He is known as an evil deformed hunchback in history. Shakespeare had popularized Richard III’s ‘deformed hunchback’ image by his famous historical tragedy titled “Richard III” where he was portrayed as a king who ruthlessly lies, murders, and manipulates, so many people had viewed Richard III like that. Shakespeare’s “Richard III” was one...
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...Heptarchy 缘由-----The Heptarchy (Greek: ἑπτά + ἀρχή seven + realm) is a collective name applied to the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of south, east, and central Great Britain during late antiquity【ænˈtɪkwɪti】古代: and the early Middle Ages, conventionally identified as seven: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms eventually unified into the Kingdom of England. The term has been in use since the 16th century, but the initial idea that there were seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms is attributed to the English historian Henry of Huntingdon in the 12th century and was first used in his Historia Anglorum.[1] The heptarchy did not consider any of the Sub-Roman Brythonic realms such as Elmet, Rheged, Strathclyde, Ebrauc, Bryneich and Gododdin, and during the same period, what are now Ireland, Scotland and Wales were also divided into comparable petty kingdoms. |Contents | |[hide] | |1 Unification | |2 Anglo-Saxon England heptarchy | |2.1 Other minor kingdoms and territories | |3 Attributed Arms | |4 See also ...
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...does religion explain parliaments changing influence? During the early 16th century, the church played a prime political, economic and humanitarian role while the parliament played a small one serving the monarch. Given this, countries were bound to the church, its rules and restrictions. However, it was a royal dynasty called 'The Tudors' that challenged the church ideologies and its concepts and strengthened parliament control. In 1485, the Battle of Bosworth Field fell victory to Henry VII. The victory secured a place for a dynasty called the Tudors, and Henry VII aimed to stabilize and establish this regime. After his death, his son Henry VII was equally determined to honour his family. This led to his obsession with...
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...The Tudors: A Very Short Introduction VERY SHORT INTRODUCTIONS are for anyone wanting a stimulating and accessible way in to a new subject. They are written by experts, and have been published in more than 25 languages worldwide. The series began in 1995, and now represents a wide variety of topics in history, philosophy, religion, science, and the humanities. Over the next few years it will grow to a library of around 200 volumes- a Very Short Introduction to everything from ancient Egypt and Indian philosophy to conceptual art and cosmology. Very Short Introductions available now: ANCIENT P H I L O S O P H Y Julia Annas THE ANGLO-SAXON AGE John Blair ANIMAL RIGHTS David DeGrazia ARCHAEOLOGY Paul Bahn ARCHITECTURE Andrew Ballantyne ARISTOTLE Jonathan Barnes ART HISTORY Dana Arnold ARTTHEORY Cynthia Freeland THE HISTORYOF ASTRONOMY Michael Hoskin ATHEISM Julian Baggini AUGUSTINE HenryChadwick BARTHES Jonathan Culler THE B I B L E John Riches BRITISH POLITICS Anthony Wright BUDDHA Michael Carrithers BUDDHISM DamienKeown CAPITALISM James Fulcher THE CELTS Barry Cunliffe CHOICETHEORY Michael Allingham CHRISTIAN ART Beth Williamson CLASSICS Mary Beard and John Henderson CLAUSEWITZ Michael Howard THE COLD WAR Robert McMahon CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY Simon Critchley COSMOLOGY Peter Coles CRYPTOGRAPHY Fred Piper and Sean Murphy DADAAND SURREALISM David Hopkins DARWIN Jonathan Howard DEMOCRACY Bernard Crick DESCARTES TomSorell DRUGS Leslie Iversen TH E EARTH Martin Redfern EGYPTIAN...
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...History Coursework Q) What were the short-term consequences of the disappearance of Edward V and his younger brother, Richard Duke of York in the summer of 1483? ‘So wise so young, do never live long1’ On the 10th of April 1483, Edward V began the briefest reign of any English King at the age of 12 years old. He was on the throne for a mere 77 days until the 25th of June that same year. His coronation was twice postponed leading to him never being crowned at all. He succeeded automatically but was to young to rule outright, a body of councillors and a ‘Lord Protector’ ( Edward V’s ‘experienced’ brother, Richard Duke of Gloucester) ruled on his behalf. As a result, Edward was declared illegitimate, disqualified from the throne and potentially murdered. Due to the Princes disappearing Richard Duke of Gloucester was the most obvious choices as successor to the throne, as he was the leading male of the house of York. However the mysterious disappearance of the two princes had a lasting impact on Richard III’s reign and as century’s have passed it has been presumed he had his two nephews murdered. In the long run this led to Henry Tudor gaining support from nobles and foreign powers. This ultimately lead to York dynasty ending prematurely, even though Henry actually had to defend his throne against Yorkist malcontents at Stoke in 1487, and the Yorkists did remain a long term issue up until the death of Cardinal Pole in 15582. Polydore Vergils ‘Anglica Historia’ was commissioned...
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...for composition lessons. Here is Cage in his own words in response to Schoenberg's inquiries in regards to his composition fees: I told him that there wasn't any question of affording it, because I couldn't pay him anything at all. He then asked me whether I was willing to devote my life to music, and I said I was. "In that case, I will teach you free of charge"(15). What an amazing piece of history, this sounds so cliché like a Hollywood script but according to Cage and Patterson this story actually happened. Moreover,"similiar references to Cage's studies with Schoenberg appear throughout Cage's writings"(Patterson 15). In addition, "Cage held Schoenberg in high esteem, considering him an extraordinary musical mind, one that was greater and more perceptive than the others and this estimation of his former teacher continued to the last years of his life"(Patterson 15). One has to ask, how much did Cage's lessons with Schoenberg influence his development as a composer? According to Patterson, "the two figures seem to represent diverging paths in the history of twentieth-century music, especially in light of Cage's work after 1950"(Patterson 15). Additionally, it appears that Cage had decided to turn the page, forget about his experiences with Schoenberg, and pursue other endeavors musically speaking. The evidence that supports this information, according to Patterson is that Cage had "rejected compositional choice through his use of chance operations"(15). Hence...
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...primary source, and one secondary source of relevance to your topic. Identify the sources using the correct referencing style (see the Humanities Teaching and Learning Policies Booklet). Describe your search for these materials and what you learnt from the exercise. 2 Question 1 Historians inevitably encounter some issues when using historical evidence. From finding sources and discerning fact from fiction to interpreting sources and placing them in historical context, the historian’s search for adequate sources is often not a simple one and can be fraught with pitfalls and issues that the historian must overcome. The choice of topic is an immediate issue facing an historian. The possibilities are endless as any part of history is an option for research. Issues when choosing a topic a both professional and personal, will there be sufficient sources on the chosen topic and where can they be located? Is the topic relevant? The personal opinions of a historian come into play when choosing their topic, do they agree with what they will be researching? Do they like topic? Questions such as these must be asked by the historian before undertaking certain work. The opinion of the historian brings another important issue. A strong opinion can easily affect ones work. Leaving out or only including certain facts to push an opinion across is something that must be avoided. Objectivity is essential when researching...
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...integrating, understanding and identifying the fashion elements in the Renaissance ; Deconstructing the dress component of Elizabeth I of England, which is the most signature and luxury icon in the Renaissance period ; Demonstrating competency in analysis and judgments, such as silhouettes, styles and materials; Nourishing our creative minds when learning fashion history ; Executing visualized idea using modern means and Demonstrating mastery in the study of fashion history through cooperative learning and research Methodology A case study based on the Renaissance Costume on Tudor Dress of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603). To analysis focus on silhouette and layers of the dress, intimate, textile and accessory. Finding the influence of Renaissance Costume to fashion world today. Literature Review Look into the few centries of Renaissance, the re-birth period of Europe society and cluture, an exaggerated luxury costume style was developed in the northern Renaissance in the 16th century, which is believed as the golden era in Renaissance evolution in term of fashion. Case Study: Tudor Dress of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603), icon of Northern Renaissance in 16th centry This was an era of great richness in dress and a time of constriction and padding of the human figure, female more than male. The Queen, shown in the protrait as Prinese Elizabeth dressed modesetly in the fashion of the period, adopted after her accession, particularly in her middle and...
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...Assess the significance of religion as a factor in bringing about change in the nature of royal authority between 1540 – 1642 Between 1540 and 1642 England saw six different rulers; an examination into the religious changes, personality and relationship with parliament will bring about an answer in to the change of nature of royal authority. During 1540-1642 religious change led to rebellions and conflict proved highly embarrassing and potentially fatal to the monarchy ‘The church acted as a bedrock of authority. It had been a source of authority in late medieval society’ says Nicholas Fellows. After the reformation of the church Edward VI had to deal with situation of confusion left from his father. Edward was a firm supporter of the religious reforms and by 1549 England had made a caution step towards Protestantism. The western rebellion 1547 illustrated a strong sense of religious conservatism. The complaints that caused the rebellion were the changes that were thought to have taken place in the baptism and confirmation and the rebels wanted the restoration of many of the old religious practices. Article two’s call for the restoration of the six articles undermined all the work of the Edwardian reformation, they also had a strong desire for the ceremony and ritual of catholism. The rebels attacks communion and both kinds of the new prayer book which were symbolic of the new religion, clearly most of the demands was an attack of Protestantism and furthermore an attack...
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...HST5152: CATHOLICS AND ELIZABETHAN POLITICS IN ENGLAND, 1558-1603: BOOK REVIEW Christopher Haigh- English reformations, religion, politics and society under the Tudors (Oxford University Press 1993) Through Haigh’s analysis, his book does not seek to offer explanations of a great English Reformation event; instead, it will seek to tell the story of all the lesser events which in sum became some English Reformations. This suggests Haigh’s book is delving into more detail over the causes which constituted a reformation. According to Christopher Haigh, in recent attempts to get at the grass roots of Reformation history are frustrating and perhaps futile. Why has it been so difficult for historians to uncover English Reformations? One historical and geographical reason could be: In Tudor England there was no public opinion polls and in a fragmented and localized society there was no public opinion towards the measure of reformation. Thus, there is no form of evidence that will tell us unequivocally what people believed. However there are several sorts of evidence which Haigh displays throughout his book, one being...
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