...The impact of HIV/AIDS on women globally or in the United States University Of Maryland University College Section I: Introduction and Statement of Purpose The AIDS and HIV virus is an extremely perilous disease that sees no race, no caste, no color, no gender, no nationality, no background and not even a specific age. It can affect anyone, at any time. AIDS stands for what is called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The virus makes the body's immune system to break down and become in effective in fighting illness and bacteria. Contrary to popular belief, a person does not just become affected with the AIDS virus immediately. AIDS is basically caused by a pre virus called HIV, or human immunodeficiency syndrome. A substance in human body, known as the anti bodies, that fights infection in a person become infected once HIV is transferred into a human. The virus is most frequently transferred through bodily fluids and internationally majority of the infections occur through sex between men and women. AIDS basically results from heterosexual intercourse and so the age group which is a primarily affected by this disease is the one which is most sexually active, people from fifteen to fifty years of age. Moreover, there is a strong connection between TB and AIDS. Many individuals are affected with TB, without the disease being active. However, once the individual becomes infected with HIV, it causes the TB to become active which was once dormant. AIDS was initially recognized...
Words: 1837 - Pages: 8
...INTERNATIONAL HIV/AIDS ALLIANCE In 2009, 33 million people were living with HIV/AIDS. About 5 million of them had access to treatment (UNAIDS, 2010). The international HIV/AIDS alliance is a network of organizations throughout the world that is dedicated to combating the spread and the effects of HIV and AIDS. This work analyzes the issues faced by Alliance and addresses some strategic recommendation. The history, development, and growth of the organization over time The international HIV/AIDS Alliance was created in 1993. It is a result of discussions within a group of donor agencies and international organizations on how to give more support to community groups in developing countries that were carrying out work around HIV (Alliance, foundation, 2009). The Alliance has its head quarter (the international secretary) in Brighton, UK. Through its Linking Organization (LOs) the Alliance has been helping to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe and Latin America. There were about 32 LOs in 2009 throughout the world. These LOs are supporting 1270 community and NGOs across the globe. The alliance strategy in 2006 was to significantly scale up the universal access to comprehension HIV/AIDS services. By 2010 the Alliance had reached 2.3 million adults and children globally. A 75% growth compare to 2007. With an income of more than US$ 63 million in 2007, the alliance reached US$ 72.7 million in 2008 (a 12% increase).of these, 81% were restricted...
Words: 2940 - Pages: 12
...HIV: a growing epidemic Introduction HIV in black urban America has been a growing epidemic since HIV was first discovered in 1981. There have been countless efforts to treat this disease and still there is no cure. HIV is known as the human immunodeficiency virus “it is a retrovirus (A retrovirus has an RNA genome and a reverse transcriptase enzyme. Using the reverse transcriptase, the virus uses its RNA as a template for making complementary DNA which can integrate into the DNA of the host organism)” (medicine net.com). According to medicinenet.com, 2011within weeks of infection, many people will develop the varied symptoms of primary or acute infection which typically have been described as a "mononucleosis" or "influenza" like illness but can range from minimal fever, aches, and pains to very severe symptoms. The most common symptoms of primary HIV infection are fever, aching muscles and joints, sore throat, and swollen glands (lymph nodes) in the neck. Placing a halt on the spread of HIV infection through various activities with the indefinite conclusion of knowing, and taking initiative to prevent infection. Target population Dade County’s urban population consists of Caribbean natives’ from Jamaica, Haiti, Africa, Bahamas and native born Americans. Focusing on the Black urban population in Miami Dade County, according to dadehealth.org, 2011statistics recorded are 1 in 44 blacks are living with HIV/AIDs as of 2009; statistical data for 2010 has not been acquired...
Words: 1488 - Pages: 6
...International Marketing The main problem for Brazil, India, Britian, and Japan is getting their countries to accept the fact that their country is suffering or on the verge of an HIV/AIDS epidemic and needs to take action to help their citizens protect themselves. The most common way promoters of safe sex want to promote is through condoms because it is the cheapest route. The principal decision makers in this case are the countries and what they want to do to help the public. India only recently started allowing commercials on safe sex and AIDS. They are facing the fact that many believe that individuals won’t contact this disease and many cultures do not accept infidelity. These issues are uncontrollable. Other issues that are uncontrollable are the acceptance of the people and making them learn. We can show them countless videos and give them resources, but at the end of the day it is all up to the individual to make the final decision. I believe these countries are well on their way. They have made successful strides in promoting throughout countries. They just need to spread faster and wider. For example, in India they are mainly promoting in Tamil Naidu. They should work on spreading to all of India. The biggest marketing problems marketers are facing are the governments. Some governments do not have enough money to give free health care or resources and some governments won’t accept the problem such as India. Brazil has looked for subsidizing their condoms and resources...
Words: 469 - Pages: 2
...Ethics: HIV/AIDS Name Institutional Affiliation Date HIV/AIDS for over three decades has been a global epidemic affecting all races, genders and ages. The prevalence of the calamity has not been limited by any borders as it has traversed the entire world to emerge as a global threat. Despite the emergence of other health epidemics such as Ebola and lately the Zika virus, HIV has remained not only as a giant slayer but also as a multitude slayer killing millions of victims since its inception into the earth’s surface. HIV is categorised as a virus, and it attacks the human immune system thus decreasing the ability of the human body to fight diseases while suppressing the multiplication of unwanted or dangerous cells such as cancer cells (Stolley & Glass, 2009). The origin of HIV/AIDS nonetheless is not without controversies with various theories as to how the condition emerged in existence. Despite the existence of the many controversies, there is the wider belief that HIV has its origins in the nation of the Democratic Republic of Congo specifically in Kinshasa around the 1920s. The most common answer to the origin of HIV/AIDS by scientists is that it originated from primates of a non-human kind in the form of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Africa (Crawford, 2013). While it is believed that the virus had other sub-groups that equally gained human infectivity, the prevalent global catastrophe is associated a particular strain which is the HIV-1 that emerged in...
Words: 1494 - Pages: 6
...HIV Mandatory Testing for Pregnant Women HIV is an important issue among the world, and it has attracted a lot of people’s attention. Besides, it also bring a lot of problems to the society. Nowadays, many people debate that should pregnant women take HIV mandatory testing. It means whether or not every female should take HIV mandatory testing when they are pregnant, and it is forced for them. Many people support that because they think taking HIV mandatory testing can reduce the rate of HIV infection for newborn, and many people disagree that because they think that would be disrespectful behavior for female’s privacy. In the book “HIV Testing and Counselling in Prisons and Other Closed Settings: Technical Paper”, the author stated “WHO [] estimates that only about 10 percent of persons living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries know their HIV status (WHO/UNAIDS, 2007). In many of these countries, access to HIV testing remains limited. Many high-income countries also estimate that a significant number of people living with HIV are not aware of their HIV status (OSI, 2007)”. It means that fewer people know their HIV condition, and they have low recognition to care about HIV. In addition, most people do not pay much attention to HIV problems in the society, and it would be a large risk for newborn HIV transmission. Faced with this condition, people would like to take some actions to release this terrible condition, and they want to find some methods to solve this problem...
Words: 734 - Pages: 3
...com Instructor: Dr. Boyd Johnson Organization Overview AIDS ATLANTA, Inc. is a non-profit 501(c) 3, which was incorporated in Georgia. AID Atlanta Inc. is a small organization by revenue operating in the Non-Profit & Professional Orgs. Industry. AIDS ATLANTA purpose is to provide financial and supportive services to those infected and affected by HIV/AIDS and to create awareness and prevention education programs in the community which has yet to overcome the challenges of stigma, discrimination and denial of the epidemic. AID Atlanta, Inc. has been saving and transforming lives since its inception in 1982. The agency was founded as a grass-roots response to the devastating and fatal impact HIV/AIDS was having on the Atlanta community. AID Atlanta quickly began expanding to offer a broader range of services, and has since grown to be the largest and most comprehensive AIDS Service Organization in the Southeast United States (www.aidatlanta.com, 2011). Role of Board of Directors Nonprofit boards generally have the duties of selecting and working with the Executive Director, amending bylaws, approving the annual budget and long-term strategic plans, and ensuring its own succession. There are 24 members on the Board of Directors, with 6 Department Heads Directors of Aid Atlanta. The Executive Director presently is Cathy Woolard. The Executive Director has executive management responsibility for all aspects of Aid Atlanta including operations, fundraising, financial management...
Words: 2485 - Pages: 10
...What is HIPAA's confidentiality laws for HIV and AIDS Melinda Royalty HCR220 Ashley Spencer January 18, 2015 What is HIPAA's confidentiality laws for a patient with HIV or AIDS? Are the regulations and laws different for these patients? These are important questions for the patients that are screened and have come back with a positive diagnosis. It is always important to know what your rights as a patient are. Many people don't know that the regulations and laws are no different for a patient with HIV or AIDS, but for patients with these two conditions their treatment is more complex and is handled differently than most other cases. They have a higher confidentiality rate than say somebody with cancer because of the discrimination that the patient could face if their diagnosis was known by the public. Why do HIV and AIDS patients have a higher confidentiality rate, because these patients are at a higher risk of being discriminated against than most other patients. (HRSA, N/A) For these patients their day to day lives can be turned upside down if their diagnosis is publicly know. Patients with HIV or AIDS can face discrimination against them by the health care field, some housing authorities, and within their place of employment. (HRSA, N/A) When HIV was first discovered there was such a widespread fear of it because nobody knew how it was spread. This lead to many people with this condition to be fired from their place of employment...
Words: 865 - Pages: 4
...2014 HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It can lead to immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS. It is caused by the HIV entering the uninfected body and stats to destroy CD4+cells which are there to help the body fight infection and disease (Webmd.com, 2014). Once you have HIV, you have it for life. More than 1.1 million people in United States alone are living with HIV and 1 out of 6 font even know it. About 50,000 people are infected with HIV each year (Cdc.gov, 2014). It is more commonly see in the gay community particularly young black males. In 2011 an estimated that 15,529 people had died. (Aids.gov, 2014) HIV is spread by having unprotected sex with someone who has HIV, sharing needles and less commonly by being born to an infected mother, blood transfusions or being stuck with an HIV-contaminated needle (Aids.gov, 2014). HIV has three stages of symptoms (Early, Latency, and Progression to AIDS). Early stage of HIV happens in the second to fourth week after being infected. It is the body’s natural defense mechanism to fighting off an invader. Symptoms are flu like and can be easily put off to other illnesses. Symptoms like fever, sore throat, rash, fatigue, aches and pains. These symptoms can last from a few days to several weeks. Clinical latency stage is when the virus is continuing to develop without producing symptoms. Even though the individual is symptom free they are still able to transmit HIV to others. The last stage is the progression to AIDS when the...
Words: 787 - Pages: 4
...be discussing the media campaign on HIV/AIDS. The word AIDS is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus called HIV. However, this particular disease can damage your immune system and HIV interferes with your body’s ability to fight the organisms that cause disease. On the other hand, this paper will show the campaign description in a very clear and organize way in which will give a brief view on the facts of the campaign surrounding. Furthermore, this paper will be discussing on the research and analysis of the strength and weaknesses of the media campaign on HIV/AIDS and also what are the success and failure in and out of that particular campaign. This part is essential because it provide a lot useful information on the media campaign on HIV/AIDS. In addition, the last part of this paper will consist the conclusion and recommendation of the campaign on HIV/AIDS. The part conclusion is basically the sum up of all of this paper on media campaign from introduction to research analysis and when comes to recommendation is where this paper will discuss on how will we able to improve on the campaign in the future in the sense of goals, strategies or even tactics. (G. Pirozz, 2013) 2. Campaign Description HIV and AIDS is one of the biggest challenges we face as a country. The rate of the infection is rapidly increasing and more and more people are getting ill and dying from AIDS. Furthermore, AIDS affects millions of South Africans...
Words: 2538 - Pages: 11
...HIV/AIDS IN LOUISIANA 2010 While the Federal government’s investment in treatment and research is helping people with HIV/AIDS live longer and more productive lives, HIV continues to spread at a staggering national rate. The latest incidence data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates nationally there were 48,100 new HIV infections in 2009. The graph below depicts the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Louisiana through 2010 according the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals. Note that the following HIV/AIDS statistics only represent a portion of the epidemic in the U.S.—those cases that have been both confirmed through testing and reported. Reported AIDS Casesi Number Currently Living with HIV (not AIDS) Number Currently Living with HIV/AIDS Number Currently Living with AIDS Cumulative AIDS Cases 25000 20,923 20,143 20000 18,308 17,387 16,277 15,323 15000 10000 8,684 7,593 9,379 10,035 8,273 8,008 5000 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 1 Last Updated: July 21, 2011 Demographic Trendsii The HIV/AIDS epidemic disproportionately affects those at risk from social factors such as disparity and discrimination. The following demographic numbers are from the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals as of December 31, 2010. PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS BY GENDER, 2010 Female 30% Male 70% PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS BY RACE / ETHNICITY, 2010 Black, Not Hispanic White, Not Hispanic ...
Words: 2678 - Pages: 11
...Cooper How HIPAA Violations Affect the Medical Billing Process Part Two The global HIV/AIDS pandemic is the worst infectious disease crisis to confront the world since the bubonic plaque halved the population of Europe in the five years after its arrival in 1347. To date, 22 million people have died of AIDS worldwide; another 36 million live with HIV/AIDS today (Fhi360.org). HIV/AIDS is a difficult topic to talk about and even more difficult is the confidentiality that is involved. Many people are hesitant to discuss it with anyone bedides their loved ones. One has to ensure that it stays confidential, and anyone who is not supposed to know should be made aware that it is not to be shared with anyone else. According to the HIPAA Privacy Rule, it is supposed to protect peoples’ private health information. According to CDC.gov, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) attempts to address some of the barriers to healthcare coverage and related job mobility indepediments facing people with HIV as well as other vulnerable populations. There are certain guidelines that aim to ensure that the confidentiality of people living with HIV/AIDS is not compromised when collecting and storing information about the disease. It provides principles, definitions and technical recommendations to maintain confidentiality, privacy and security when working with HIV-related information. Ensuring this information is securely stored and confidentiality maintained...
Words: 561 - Pages: 3
...approximately one million people were currently living with Human immunodeficiency virus, or better known as HIV. This fast growing epidemic infects another unknowing person every nine minutes. With so many people being infected with HIV something must be done. However, what public knowledge can be used to spread information about this disease? Also, what rights are there for people currently living with this disease? The Office of Civil Rights is an agency that focuses on protecting the civil rights of Americans. This organization helps protect against discrimination in areas such as treatment centers, government-ran agencies, and day care centers. “OCR’s enforcement efforts protect the civil rights and health information privacy rights of people living with HIV, resulting in increased access to quality health care and reduced HIV-related discrimination, stigma and disparities” (HHS, 2011). People living with HIV have the same rights to privacy as any other patient. They also have the right to expect that all records and communications are kept confidential. These individuals can be protected because by law professionals must keep their information and treatment private. In order to protect the community from HIV, spreading knowledge and awareness is important. Free or low-cost testing should be provided for all in order to gain awareness of infection. People that do not have HIV need to understand how to protect themselves from becoming infected. Those already living with the disease...
Words: 608 - Pages: 3
...JORIND (9)1 June, 2011. ISSN 1596-8303. www.transcampus.org/journals. www.ajol.info/journals/jorind PSYCHO-CULTURAL VARIABLES PREDICTING ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS’ TOWARDS HIV COUNSELLING AND TESTING IN SELECTED TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA. Olujide Adekeye, Augustine Ebiai and Sussan Olufunmilola Adeusi Department of Psychology, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria E-mail: oadekeye@covenantuniversity.com, aebiai@yahoo.com, funmiswayas@yahoo.com Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess attitude of young people (n=287, mean=20.5 years) towards testing for HIV/AIDS. The participants completed a standard socio-demographic questionnaire, indicating sexual behaviour, cultural beliefs and practices, attitude to HCT, and knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 alpha level were used to analyze the data. The study indicates that most participants have poor knowledge of HCT centres in their communities, but had a fairly high knowledge level of HIV. The findings of this study include that there is a significant difference in the disposition to HCT between respondents who have experienced sexual intercourse and those who have not (t = 3.866, df = 285: p<0.05) and between male and female respondents (t = 4.775, df = 285; p< 0.05). The study also shows that knowledge of HIV/AIDS was the strongest predictor of attitude of young people towards HCT ( = 0.547; t = 3.458 p<0.05), closely followed by cultural practices ( = 0.324; t = 2.740 p<0.05)...
Words: 4806 - Pages: 20
...First of all an article review is a writing giving your opinion on certain thing. It could be a product, a service, a movie, a book or even an article. Writing an article could be a little bit challenging for some people, but is not have to be hard. I am going to give you 5 tips on how to write an effective article review. 1. Research. If you going to talk about a service or product you have to know it well. Even the experience use in it would be very helpful. You have to know their uses. If you do not have used the product or service research about people who tried it. Writing about an article or movie well you know what you have to do, read it and see it. 2. Introduction paragraph. Give a brief overview of what is about, with no details. A few main points will be fine. 3. Give information. A description of what does, benefits or importance for the user. 4. Critique. This is the most important part of the article. Why did you recommend it? Why not recommend it? Give your opinion of why you like it or not. You can compare it to others similar to it as well. 5. Wrap it up. Make a conclusion of why you recommend it or not. There you have it. Follow this simple 5 steps and you can write effective article reviews and doing it fast. If you have questions or want to see some samples about articles review you can visit my blog. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/4513664 Here's an example of how a completed online article review looks, right out of our method; "The...
Words: 2876 - Pages: 12
